{"id":7961,"date":"2022-10-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-29T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/tanecny-mor\/"},"modified":"2022-10-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-29T23:00:00","slug":"tanecny-mor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/tanecny-mor\/","title":{"rendered":"The dancing plague has struck down masses of people: what really possessed them?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tane\u010dn\u00fd mor z roku 1518, udalos\u0165, pri ktorej<strong> stovky ob\u010danov \u0160trasburgu nekontrolovate\u013ene a zjavne nedobrovo\u013ene, tancovali cel\u00e9 dni<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1nia<strong> trvala pribli\u017ene dva mesiace, k\u00fdm sa skon\u010dila rovnako z\u00e1hadne, ako za\u010dala<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>V j\u00fali 1518 \u017eena, Frau Troffea, vy\u0161la na ulicu a za\u010dala tancova\u0165.<\/h3>\n<p>Zdalo sa, \u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017ee presta\u0165 a tancovala \u010falej, a\u017e k\u00fdm <strong>neskolabovala od \u00fanavy<\/strong>. Po odpo\u010dinku obnovila nutkav\u00fa \u0161ialen\u00fa aktivitu, a za\u010dala op\u00e4\u0165 zbesilo tancova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Takto pokra\u010dovala cel\u00e9 dni a do t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a bolo<strong> podobne postihnut\u00fdch viac ako 30 \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Vedenie mesta znepokojil neust\u00e1le sa zvy\u0161uj\u00faci po\u010det tane\u010dn\u00edkov. Ob\u010dianski a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00ed vodcovia teoretizovali, \u017ee rie\u0161en\u00edm je viac tanca, a tak zriadili cechov\u00e9 s\u00e1ly, v ktor\u00fdch sa mohli zhroma\u017e\u010fova\u0165 tane\u010dn\u00edci a hudobn\u00edci. Nasadili tam aj profesion\u00e1lnych tane\u010dn\u00edkov, aby pomohli postihnut\u00fdm pokra\u010dova\u0165 v tanci.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mesto si dokonca najalo kapelu, ktor\u00e1 poskytla sprievodn\u00fa hudbu<\/strong>, ale netrvalo dlho a marat\u00f3n si za\u010dal vybera\u0165 svoju da\u0148. Mnoh\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00edci skolabovali od \u00fapln\u00e9ho vy\u010derpania. Niektor\u00ed dokonca<strong> zomreli na m\u0155tvicu a infarkt<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1kazu to len zhor\u0161ilo a tane\u010dn\u00e9 nutkanie nakoniec pohltilo a\u017e 400 \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong>. Viacer\u00ed z nich zomreli v d\u00f4sledku n\u00e1mahy a tot\u00e1lneho vy\u010derpania.<\/p>\n<p>Podivn\u00e1 epiz\u00f3da sa <strong>skon\u010dila a\u017e v septembri, ke\u010f boli tane\u010dn\u00edci odveden\u00ed do sv\u00e4tyne na vrchole hory, aby sa modlili za rozhre\u0161enie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Ilustr\u00e1cie tane\u010dn\u00e9ho moru. Zdroj: medium.com\n<h3>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 vysvetlenia tane\u010dn\u00e9ho moru zah\u0155\u0148ali d\u00e9monick\u00fa posadnutos\u0165 a prehriatu krv.<\/h3>\n<p>Vy\u0161etrovatelia v 20. storo\u010d\u00ed nazna\u010dili, \u017ee postihnut\u00ed mohli<strong> konzumova\u0165 chlieb vyroben\u00fd z ra\u017enej m\u00faky kontaminovanej hubovou chorobou n\u00e1me\u013e, o ktorej je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee vyvol\u00e1va k\u0155\u010de<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Americk\u00fd sociol\u00f3g Robert Bartholomew predpokladal, \u017ee tane\u010dn\u00edci boli pr\u00edvr\u017eencami heretick\u00fdch siekt, tancovali, aby pril\u00e1kali bo\u017esk\u00fa priaze\u0148.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ou te\u00f3riou<\/strong> bola te\u00f3ria Johna Wallera, ktor\u00fd v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkoch uviedol d\u00f4vody, pre\u010do sa domnieva, \u017ee<strong> tane\u010dn\u00fd mor je formou masovej psychog\u00e9nnej poruchy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00e9to prepuknutia sa vyskytuj\u00fa v podmienkach extr\u00e9mneho stresu, a vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa formuj\u00fa na z\u00e1klade miestnej \u0165a\u017eivej atmosf\u00e9ry. V pr\u00edpade tane\u010dn\u00e9ho moru z roku 1518, Waller uviedol <strong>s\u00e9riu hladomorov a pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 tak\u00fdch chor\u00f4b, ako s\u00fa kiahne a syfilis<\/strong>, ako ohromuj\u00face stresory postihuj\u00face obyvate\u013eov \u0160trasburgu.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ealej tvrdil, \u017ee vysvetlenie sa s <strong>najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou t\u00fdka sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho V\u00edta<\/strong>, katol\u00edckeho sv\u00e4tca, o ktorom zbo\u017en\u00ed Eur\u00f3pania v 16. storo\u010d\u00ed verili, \u017ee m\u00e1 <strong>moc preklia\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed tancuj\u00facim morom<\/strong>. V kombin\u00e1cii s hr\u00f4zami chor\u00f4b a hladomoru, ktor\u00e9 obe su\u017eovali \u0160trasburg v roku 1518, mohla povera o sv\u00e4tom V\u00edtovi spusti\u0165 hyst\u00e9riu vyvolan\u00fa stresom, ktor\u00e1 zachv\u00e1tila ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 mesta.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Tane\u010dn\u00fd mor sa v hist\u00f3ri\u00ed opakoval<\/h3>\n<p>Hoci je to teraz najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edklad, \u0160trasburg nebol jedin\u00fdm \u201etane\u010dn\u00fdm morom\u201c, ktor\u00fd zasiahol Eur\u00f3pu po\u010das stredoveku a ran\u00e9ho novoveku.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho pr\u00edpadov nekontrolovan\u00e9ho a hroziv\u00e9ho tanca bolo zaznamenan\u00fdch v Nemecku, Franc\u00fazsku a in\u00fdch \u010dastiach Sv\u00e4tej r\u00ed\u0161e r\u00edmskej. V skor\u0161\u00edch storo\u010diach boli tieto udalosti interpretovan\u00e9 ako <strong>bo\u017e\u00ed trest alebo d\u00e9monick\u00e9 posadnutie, napraven\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi rie\u0161eniami<\/strong>, ako s\u00fa procesie, om\u0161e alebo priamy z\u00e1sah k\u0148azov.<\/p>\n<p>Dve desa\u0165ro\u010dia pred letom 1518 klerik v \u0160trasburgu menom Sebastian Brant vo svojej satirickej aleg\u00f3rii Lo\u010f bl\u00e1znov nap\u00edsal, \u017ee tanec a hriech s\u00fa jedn\u00e9ho druhu, a <strong>obvinil Satana zo v\u0161etk\u00e9ho tohto cirkusu a skazy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Detail z rytiny Hendrika Hondiusa z roku 1642, ktor\u00e1 vych\u00e1dza z kresby Petra Breughela z roku 1564, ktor\u00e1 zobrazuje \u013eud\u00ed trpiacich tane\u010dnou epid\u00e9miou, ktor\u00e1 sa v tom roku vyskytla v Molenbeeku. Zdroj: berfrois.com\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Kedy to cel\u00e9 za\u010dalo?<\/h3>\n<p>Najskor\u0161ie zn\u00e1me prepuknutie tane\u010dnej m\u00e1nie sa <strong>vyskytlo v 7. storo\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>, a v Eur\u00f3pe sa objavilo mnohokr\u00e1t a\u017e do 17. storo\u010dia, kedy n\u00e1hle prestalo.<\/p>\n<p>Jeden z prv\u00fdch zn\u00e1mych incidentov sa odohral okolo roku<strong> 1020 v Bernburgu, kde 18 ro\u013en\u00edkov za\u010dalo spieva\u0165 a tancova\u0165 okolo kostola, \u010d\u00edm naru\u0161ili \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00fa bohoslu\u017ebu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ie ohnisk\u00e1 sa vyskytli v 13. storo\u010d\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane jedn\u00e9ho v roku 1237, kedy <strong>ve\u013ek\u00e1 skupina det\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 cestovala, za\u010dala vyhrotene sk\u00e1ka\u0165 a tancova\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00ed obludn\u00fd incident sa stal v roku 1278, pri ktorom asi <strong>200 \u013eud\u00ed tancovalo na moste cez rieku Meuse, \u010do sp\u00f4sobilo jeho zr\u00fatenie<\/strong>. Mnoh\u00fdm z t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed pre\u017eili, bolo prinavr\u00e1ten\u00e9 pln\u00e9 zdravie v ne\u010falekej kaplnke zasv\u00e4tenej sv. V\u00edtovi.<\/p>\n<p>K prv\u00e9mu ve\u013ek\u00e9mu prepuknutiu m\u00e1nie do\u0161lo v rokoch 1373 a\u017e 1374, pri\u010dom incidenty boli hl\u00e1sen\u00e9 v Anglicku, Nemecku a Holandsku.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ia kauza tejto obdoby, sa odohrala v roku 1374 &#8211; roz\u0161\u00edrila sa do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch miest pozd\u013a\u017e rieky R\u00fdn<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Epid\u00e9mia za\u010dala v Aachene a potom sa <strong>roz\u0161\u00edrila do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch miest, ako s\u00fa Kol\u00edn, Fl\u00e1msko, Franky, Henegavsko, Metz, \u0160trasburg, Tongeren, Utrecht, a \u010falej do Talianska a Luxemburska<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Udalos\u0165<strong> z roku 1518, ktor\u00fa sme podrobnej\u0161ie op\u00edsali, bola najd\u00f4kladnej\u0161ie zdokumentovanou,<\/strong> a pravdepodobne poslednou z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch tak\u00fdchto ohn\u00edsk v Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tane\u010dn\u00fd mor z roku 1518, udalos\u0165, pri ktorej stovky ob\u010danov \u0160trasburgu nekontrolovate\u013ene a zjavne nedobrovo\u013ene, tancovali cel\u00e9 dni. M\u00e1nia trvala pribli\u017ene dva mesiace, k\u00fdm sa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7961"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7961\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}