{"id":7981,"date":"2022-11-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-15T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/svetova-populacia-prekrocila-8-miliard-ludi\/"},"modified":"2022-11-16T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-11-15T23:00:00","slug":"svetova-populacia-prekrocila-8-miliard-ludi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/svetova-populacia-prekrocila-8-miliard-ludi\/","title":{"rendered":"Svetov\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia prekro\u010dila 8 mili\u00e1rd \u013eud\u00ed. Ide o jeden z m\u00ed\u013enikov v \u013eudskom rozvoji"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Pred viac ako dvoma mili\u00f3nmi rokov<\/strong> sa objavili prv\u00ed \u013eudia v Afrike, informuje port\u00e1l ScienceAlert. Od toho \u010dasu sa svetov\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia \u010doraz viac rozrast\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p> Port\u00e1l United Nations uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee <strong>v strede novembra dosiahla 8 mili\u00e1rd \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong>, pri\u010dom ide o jeden z m\u00ed\u013enikov v \u013eudskom rozvoji. K\u00fdm jej vzrast na 8 mili\u00e1rd trval 12 rokov, vzrast na 9 mili\u00e1rd potrv\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 15 rokov. M\u00f4\u017ee za to postupne predl\u017eovanie d\u013a\u017eky \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, za ktor\u00fdm stoj\u00ed zlep\u0161ovanie verejn\u00e9ho zdravia, v\u00fd\u017eivy, osobnej hygieny a medic\u00edny. To, ako prebieha jej v\u00fdvoj v roku 2022, m\u00f4\u017eete sledova\u0165 na str\u00e1nke Worldometer.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdvoj \u013eudskej popul\u00e1cie<\/h3>\n<p>ScienceAlert uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee <strong>najstar\u0161ie \u013eudsk\u00e9 fos\u00edlie sa na\u0161li vo v\u00fdchodnej Afrike<\/strong> a poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa spred 2,8 mili\u00f3na rokov. Av\u0161ak odhady t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa po\u010dtu \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed ob\u00fdvali Zem, zostali a\u017e do 19. storo\u010dia ve\u013emi nespo\u013eahliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Vieme ale potvrdi\u0165, \u017ee na\u0161i predkovia boli lovci a zbera\u010di. <strong>V porovnan\u00ed s bud\u00facimi popul\u00e1ciami mali m\u00e1lo det\u00ed<\/strong>, z d\u00f4vodu udr\u017eania si nom\u00e1dskeho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161iu rolu v n\u00edzkej hustote obyvate\u013estva na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty zohr\u00e1valo aj to, \u017ee<strong> lovci a zbera\u010di potrebovali pre vhodn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9 podmienky ve\u013ea p\u00f4dy<\/strong>. V\u00fdskumn\u00edk z Franc\u00fazskeho in\u0161tit\u00fatu pre demografick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie Herve Le Brasa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee i\u0161lo pribli\u017ene o 10 kilometrov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch na osobu.<\/p>\n<h3>Ve\u013ek\u00fd popula\u010dn\u00fd skok<\/h3>\n<p>Zavedenie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva v obdob\u00ed neolitu sa pova\u017euje aj za <strong>prv\u00fd zn\u00e1my ve\u013ek\u00fd popula\u010dn\u00fd skok<\/strong>. Stoj\u00ed za n\u00edm prudk\u00fd n\u00e1rast p\u00f4rodnosti, ktor\u00fd pri\u0161iel spolu so schopnos\u0165ou skladova\u0165 potraviny. Pod\u013ea odhadov svetov\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia v prvom storo\u010d\u00ed pred Kristom vysko\u010dila na 250 mili\u00f3nov.<\/p>\n N\u00e1rast popul\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eeme vn\u00edma\u0165 od 19. storo\u010dia. Zdroj: pexels.com\n<p><strong><em>\u201eMatky mohli k\u0155mi\u0165 doj\u010dat\u00e1 ka\u0161ou, \u010do ur\u00fdchlilo proces odstavenia a zn\u00ed\u017eilo mno\u017estvo \u010dasu medzi p\u00f4rodmi, \u010do znamen\u00e1 viac det\u00ed na jednu \u017eenu,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> vysvet\u013euje Le Bras.<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak rozvoj trval\u00fdch s\u00eddel priniesol aj r\u00f4zne rizik\u00e1. Jedn\u00fdm z pr\u00edkladov bola domestik\u00e1cia zvierat, v d\u00f4sledku ktorej sa \u013eudia nakazili <strong>nov\u00fdmi smrte\u013en\u00fdmi chorobami<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vysok\u00e1 bola miera detskej \u00famrtnosti. <strong>Tretina det\u00ed zomrela e\u0161te pred prv\u00fdmi narodeninami<\/strong>, \u010fal\u0161ia tretina pred dov\u0155\u0161en\u00edm dospelosti. Antropol\u00f3g z University of Toulouse vo Franc\u00fazsku Eric Crubezy to popisuje ako obrovsk\u00fa \u00famrtnos\u0165 s permanentn\u00fdm \u201ebaby boomom\u201c.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e1hly pandemick\u00fd zvrat<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Pand\u00e9mia moru<\/strong>, zn\u00e1ma aj ako \u010dierna smr\u0165, n\u00e1hle zastavila n\u00e1rast obyvate\u013estva v stredoveku. Objavila sa na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Kirgizska, do Eur\u00f3py sa dostala v roku 1346 na lodiach, ktor\u00e9 prepravovali tovar z \u010cierneho mora.<\/p>\n<p>V priebehu \u00f4smich rokov vyhubila a\u017e 60 % popul\u00e1cie Eur\u00f3py, Bl\u00edzkeho v\u00fdchodu a severnej Afriky. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa celosvetov\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia <strong>zo 429 mili\u00f3nov zn\u00ed\u017eila na 374 mili\u00f3nov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie pand\u00e9mie patr\u00ed napr\u00edklad Justini\u00e1nov mor. Jeho epicentrom bolo Stredozemn\u00e9 more a <strong>trval po\u010das dvoch storo\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>. Za do\u010dasn\u00fd pokles popul\u00e1cie mohli aj vojny ran\u00e9ho stredoveku v z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 vedy<\/h3>\n<p>N\u00e1rast popul\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eeme vn\u00edma\u0165 od 19. storo\u010dia. M\u00f4\u017ee za to najm\u00e4 <strong>rozvoj modernej medic\u00edny \u010di industrializ\u00e1cia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 posilnila glob\u00e1lne z\u00e1soby potrav\u00edn. Od roku 1800 vzr\u00e1stla osemn\u00e1sobne, pod\u013ea odhadov z 1 miliardy na 8 mili\u00e1rd.<\/p>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd bol predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj vakc\u00edn. Jednou z nich bola <strong>vakc\u00edna proti kiah\u0148am<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 prispela k zbaveniu sa jedn\u00e9ho z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch zabijakov na svete.<\/p>\n<p>Medzi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00ed\u013eniky patria aj <strong>70. a 80. roky 20. storo\u010dia<\/strong> v d\u00f4sledku lie\u010dby srdcov\u00fdch chor\u00f4b. Pr\u00e1ve tento v\u00fdvoj pomohol zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u00famrtnos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed nad 60 rokov.<\/p>\n<h3>Rast popul\u00e1cie v rozvojov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>Port\u00e1l National Library of Medicine uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee k\u00fdm v roku 1950 \u017eilo na \u00fazem\u00ed Afriky pribli\u017ene 230 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed,<strong> v roku 2010 i\u0161lo o viac ako 1 miliardu<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea OSN bude dan\u00fd kontinent na\u010falej r\u00e1s\u0165 pozoruhodn\u00fdm tempom, pri\u010dom v roku 2050 by mal tvori\u0165 a\u017e 24 % svetovej popul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>Z dan\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee <strong>po\u010det obyvate\u013eov v rozvojov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch rastie bezprecedentn\u00fdm tempom<\/strong>. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v nich \u017eije viac ako 80 % obyvate\u013estva, av\u0161ak do roka 2050 by malo \u00eds\u0165 a\u017e o 86 %.<\/p>\n Po\u010det obyvate\u013eov v rozvojov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch rastie bezprecedentn\u00fdm tempom. Zdroj: pexels.som\n<p>Between<strong> najmenej rozvinut\u00e9 krajiny<\/strong> patr\u00ed napr\u00edklad Som\u00e1lsko, S\u00fad\u00e1n, Lib\u00e9ria v Afrike, Afganistan, Banglad\u00e9\u0161 v \u00c1zi\u00ed \u010di Haiti v Karibiku.<\/p>\n<h3>Vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie<\/h3>\n<p>Rast popul\u00e1cie vpl\u00fdva aj na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. <strong>Splnenie cie\u013eov Par\u00ed\u017eskej dohody<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00face obmedzenie n\u00e1rastu glob\u00e1lnej teploty z\u00e1vis\u00ed najm\u00e4 od obmedzenia neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch modelov v\u00fdroby a spotreby.<\/p>\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je menej ako 18 % svetovej popul\u00e1cie zodpovedn\u00fdch za viac ako 50 % glob\u00e1lnych emisi\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Pr\u00e1ve jej pomal\u0161\u00ed rast v priebehu \u010fal\u0161\u00edch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed by mohol ma\u0165 <strong>pozit\u00edvny vplyv na zmiernenie environment\u00e1lnych \u0161k\u00f4d<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pred viac ako dvoma mili\u00f3nmi rokov sa objavili prv\u00ed \u013eudia v Afrike, informuje port\u00e1l ScienceAlert. Od toho \u010dasu sa svetov\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia \u010doraz viac rozrast\u00e1. Port\u00e1l<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7981\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}