{"id":7991,"date":"2022-11-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/kde-sa-stala-chyba-najlepsie-sa-naucite-cudzi-jazyk-cez-rozpravanie\/"},"modified":"2022-11-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T23:00:00","slug":"kde-sa-stala-chyba-najlepsie-sa-naucite-cudzi-jazyk-cez-rozpravanie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/kde-sa-stala-chyba-najlepsie-sa-naucite-cudzi-jazyk-cez-rozpravanie\/","title":{"rendered":"Kde sa stala chyba? Najlep\u0161ie sa nau\u010d\u00edte cudz\u00ed jazyk cez rozpr\u00e1vanie, no \u0161koly namiesto toho u\u010dia hlavne gramatiku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chcete sa nau\u010di\u0165 cudz\u00ed jazyk? <strong>Zabudnite na sp\u00f4sob v\u00fdu\u010dby jazykov v \u0161kole.<\/strong> Aby ste si z u\u010denia cudzieho jazyka netrhali vlasy a vedeli u\u017e od za\u010diatku rozpr\u00e1va\u0165, je treba zvoli\u0165 <strong>\u00faplne in\u00fd pr\u00edstup<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Pre\u010do \u0161kola nie je najlep\u0161ie miesto na u\u010denie?<\/h3>\n<p>\u010ci u\u017e sa sp\u00fdtate det\u00ed alebo dospel\u00fdch, ve\u013ea z nich v\u00e1m odpovie, \u017ee <strong>nem\u00e1 talent na u\u010denie sa jazykov<\/strong>. Odkia\u013e to v\u0161ak vedia? Z telev\u00edzie, od rodi\u010dov \u010di spolu\u017eiakov? V naj\u010dastej\u0161om pr\u00edpade asi zo \u0161kolsk\u00fdch lav\u00edc. Nie je to tak d\u00e1vno, \u010do som opustila br\u00e1ny z\u00e1kladnej a strednej \u0161koly, a preto viem poveda\u0165, \u017ee v tomto prostred\u00ed sa \u010dlovek a\u017e prive\u013emi \u010dasto stretne so za\u0161katu\u013ekovan\u00edm: <em>\u201eSi v matematickej triede, nem\u00e1\u0161 talent na jazyky!\u201c \u201eDiev\u010dat\u00e1 nemaj\u00fa dobr\u00e9 logick\u00e9 myslenie!\u201c<\/em>, a tak \u010falej.<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 foto: Kenny Eliason\n<p>A\u017e na vysokej \u0161kole n\u00e1m jedna pani profesorka povedala: <em>\u201eV\u0161etci sme sa nau\u010dili plynule n\u00e1\u0161 materinsky jazyk, bez \u0161koly, bez gramatiky.\u201c<\/em> Predstavte si to! Je to naozaj tak! A okrem toho <strong>sloven\u010dina zrovna nie je naj\u013eah\u0161\u00ed jazyk<\/strong>. <em>\u201ePreto sa p\u00fdtam, naozaj je pravda, \u017ee niekto nem\u00e1 talent na u\u010denie sa jazykov?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Jazyk vznikol, aby n\u00e1m u\u013eah\u010doval \u017eivot, nie ho strp\u010doval<\/h3>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa \u013eudia za\u010dn\u00fa u\u010di\u0165 druh\u00fd jazyk sami od seba, chc\u00fa ma\u0165 nie\u010do, \u010do je okam\u017eite u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to motiv\u00e1cia je rozhoduj\u00faca. Ma\u0165 cie\u013e a chu\u0165 cudz\u00ed jazyk pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165. \u010co v\u0161ak robia \u0161koly? <strong>\u0160kolsk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadium je postaven\u00e9 na dosahovan\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch cie\u013eov, teda dobr\u00fdch zn\u00e1mok.<\/strong> Preto sa st\u00e1va, \u017ee po 8 rokoch \u0161t\u00fadia cudzieho jazyka na z\u00e1kladnej alebo strednej \u0161kole, vie \u0161tudent naspam\u00e4\u0165<strong> 10 r\u00f4znych \u010dasov, pou\u010dky, kedy a kde sa ak\u00fd \u010das pou\u017e\u00edva, vyplni\u0165 pod\u013ea predp\u00edsan\u00e9ho vzoru desa\u0165 rovnak\u00fdch viet, ale takmer sa nevie dorozumie\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 foto: Towfiqu Barbhuiya\n<p><em>Znalos\u0165 gramatiky s\u00edce pom\u00e1ha, ale tr\u00e1vi\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u010dasu memorovan\u00edm zlo\u017eit\u00fdch gramatick\u00fdch pravidiel nie je najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob u\u010denia.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Ako sa deti u\u010dia jazyk?<\/h3>\n<p>Novorodenci s\u00fa <strong>vn\u00edmav\u00ed posluch\u00e1\u010di. Pozorne po\u010d\u00favaj\u00fa svoje okolie<\/strong>. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 radi po\u010d\u00favaj\u00fa hlas svojej matky a r\u00fdchlo sa ho nau\u010dia odli\u0161ova\u0165 od in\u00fdch hlasov. Tie\u017e <strong>sa u\u010dia rozpozn\u00e1va\u0165 zvuky<\/strong> jej jazyka od cudz\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Komunik\u00e1cia<\/strong> b\u00e1b\u00e4tiek <strong>sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na vyjadrovanie em\u00f3cii, hlavne bolesti a pote\u0161enia<\/strong>. A ak budete po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 ve\u013emi pozorne, v\u0161imnete si, \u017ee b\u00e1b\u00e4tk\u00e1 maj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy pla\u010du pre r\u00f4zne potreby.<\/p>\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r sa b\u00e1b\u00e4tk\u00e1 za\u010dn\u00fa zap\u00e1ja\u0165 do <strong><em>&quot;<\/em>hlasovej hry<em>&quot;<\/em> a b\u013eaboc\u00fa nezrozumite\u013en\u00e9 zvuky<\/strong>. V\u017edy ich <strong>ch\u00e1panie predbieha ich schopnos\u0165 hovori\u0165<\/strong>. U\u010dia sa st\u00e1le viac slov.<\/p>\n<p>A nesk\u00f4r za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa <strong>tvori\u0165 kr\u00e1tke v\u00fdroky<\/strong>. <strong>Jazykov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara sa st\u00e1va \u010doraz komplikovanej\u0161ou. Vety sa predl\u017euj\u00fa a gramatick\u00e9 chyby sa pomaly odstra\u0148uj\u00fa.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vo veku od dvoch do \u0161tyroch rokov die\u0165a <strong>rozpr\u00e1va svoj\u00edm materinsk\u00fdm jazykom<\/strong>. A a\u017e <strong>potom sa die\u0165a u\u010d\u00ed p\u00edsa\u0165 a \u010d\u00edta\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Mysleli sme si, \u017ee u\u010denie sa jazyka sa za\u010d\u00edna v okamihu narodenia. Vedci z Washingtonu, \u0160tokholmu a Hels\u00ednk v\u0161ak zistili, \u017ee plody v skuto\u010dnosti po\u010d\u00favaj\u00fa u\u017e v maternici. (Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 foto: Benson Low)\n<h3>Tieto \u0161tyri body si zapam\u00e4tajte, ak sa u\u010d\u00edte alebo chcete nau\u010di\u0165 cudz\u00ed jazyk<\/h3>\n<p><em>Pochopenie procesu u\u010denia v ranom detstve m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fd v\u00fdznam pre dospel\u00fdch u\u010diacich sa cudz\u00ed jazyk.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>1. Po\u010d\u00favajte<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Po\u010d\u00favanie je prv\u00e1 jazykov\u00e1 zru\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa si \u013eudia osvoja.<\/strong> Vyu\u017eite ka\u017ed\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 a po\u010d\u00favajte jazyk tak, ako n\u00edm hovoria roden\u00ed hovoriaci. Ke\u010f napr\u00edklad sledujete film alebo video s u\u010den\u00edm jazyka, nes\u00fastre\u010fte sa len na vizu\u00e1lnu stimul\u00e1ciu. Po\u010d\u00favajte sklo\u0148ovanie, t\u00f3ny a rytmus slov.<\/p>\n<h4>2. Robte chyby<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Odkedy sme sa v \u0161kole nau\u010dili, \u017ee robi\u0165 chyby znamen\u00e1 hor\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky v testoch, boj\u00edme sa ich robi\u0165.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A tento strach si pren\u00e1\u0161ame aj do dospelosti.<\/p>\n<p>Ako \u0161tudent sa mus\u00edte zmieri\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u017ee budete robi\u0165 chyby. Patr\u00ed to k tomu a budete to musie\u0165 akceptova\u0165. <strong>Cesta k plynulosti vedie cez chyby.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>3. Opakujte, opakujte, opakujte<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Opakovanie je pre u\u010denie nevyhnutn\u00e9.<\/strong> Opakovanie m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 podobu opakovan\u00e9ho prehr\u00e1vania vide\u00ed, op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania slov\u00ed\u010dok, prepisovania slovnej z\u00e1soby, op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00favania podcastov a opakovania hier a cvi\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Opakujte, k\u00fdm sa to nestane va\u0161\u00edm zvykom.<\/p>\n<h4>4. Ponorte sa<\/h4>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvajte svoje vroden\u00e9 schopnosti na zov\u0161eobec\u0148ovanie, \u010d\u00edtanie kontextu, po\u010d\u00favanie roden\u00fdch hovorcov a napodob\u0148ovanie ich re\u010di.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm zo sp\u00f4sobov, ako dosiahnu\u0165 ponorenie, <strong>je vystavi\u0165 sa \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu mno\u017estvu re\u010di roden\u00fdch hovoriacich.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok: Unsplash, KOBU agency<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chcete sa nau\u010di\u0165 cudz\u00ed jazyk? Zabudnite na sp\u00f4sob v\u00fdu\u010dby jazykov v \u0161kole. Aby ste si z u\u010denia cudzieho jazyka netrhali vlasy a vedeli u\u017e od<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7991"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7991\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}