{"id":7997,"date":"2022-11-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-19T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/mozgovy-implantat-nadej-pre-paralyzovanych-pacientov\/"},"modified":"2022-11-20T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-11-19T23:00:00","slug":"mozgovy-implantat-nadej-pre-paralyzovanych-pacientov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/mozgovy-implantat-nadej-pre-paralyzovanych-pacientov\/","title":{"rendered":"Mozgov\u00fd implant\u00e1t prepisuj\u00faci my\u0161lienky je n\u00e1dejou pre paralyzovan\u00fdch pacientov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Af\u00e1zia je ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 nast\u00e1va v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku po\u0161kodenia re\u010dov\u00fdch centier v\u00a0mozgu. Vedci \u0165a\u017eko postihnut\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom vr\u00e1ti\u0165 re\u010d nem\u00f4\u017eu, implant\u00e1t riadiaci mozgov\u00e9 centrum sa v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 prelomovou pomocou.<\/p>\n<h3>Nechcen\u00e9 ml\u010danie<\/h3>\n<p>Re\u010d je pre n\u00e1s prirodzenou schopnos\u0165ou. Rozpr\u00e1van\u00edm vyjadrujeme na\u0161e pocity, my\u0161lienky a\u00a0<strong>vz\u00e1jomne sa dorozumievame.<\/strong> Mnoh\u00ed o t\u00fato mo\u017enos\u0165 pr\u00eddu, pri\u010dom to nemus\u00ed s\u00favisie\u0165 s prib\u00fadaj\u00facim vekom.<\/p>\n<p>Poruchu alebo<strong> stratu re\u010di<\/strong> sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne pr\u00ed\u010diny. Probl\u00e9my s re\u010dou sa m\u00f4\u017eu prejavi\u0165 z nasleduj\u00facich d\u00f4vodov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>m\u0155tvica<\/li>\n<li>\u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 poranenie mozgu<\/li>\n<li>demencia<\/li>\n<li>zranenie\/choroba postihuj\u00faca hlasivky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Neh\u013eadiac na vonkaj\u0161ie rozdiely, \u010dlovek je tvor spolo\u010densk\u00fd a komunik\u00e1cia je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm prvkom pri spozn\u00e1van\u00ed nov\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. zdroj: unsplash.com\n<p><strong>Re\u010dov\u00fd patol\u00f3g<\/strong> dok\u00e1\u017ee v\u00a0niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch pom\u00f4c\u0165 s\u00a0navr\u00e1ten\u00edm re\u010di. V\u010faka \u0161pecializ\u00e1cii na poruchy re\u010di a\u00a0jazyka posudzuje v\u00e1\u017enos\u0165 pacientovho stavu. Sk\u00fama ako osoba pohybuje perami, \u010de\u013eus\u0165ou, jazykom alebo\u00a0svalmi \u00fast. N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 lie\u010dba sa s\u00fastred\u00ed na <strong>zlep\u0161enie artikul\u00e1cie<\/strong> (logopedick\u00e9 cvi\u010denia) a\u00a0<strong>posilnenie svalov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Spojenie vedy a\u00a0in\u017einierstva<\/h3>\n<p>Niekedy nesta\u010d\u00ed pomoc logop\u00e9da, posunkov\u00e1 re\u010d pri \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch neprich\u00e1dza to \u00favahy. Pomoc pre t\u00fdchto \u013eud\u00ed by mohla pon\u00faknu\u0165<strong> neuroprotetika<\/strong>. Ide o vedn\u00fa discipl\u00ednu kombinuj\u00facu neurovedu a biologick\u00e9 in\u017einierstvo. Vyvinut\u00fd implant\u00e1t sp\u00e1ja mozog s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom a dok\u00e1\u017ee nahradi\u0165 zmyslov\u00e9 \u010di pohybov\u00e9 procesy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Komunika\u010dn\u00e1 neoroprotetika sa zameriava na obnovenie komunik\u00e1cie prostredn\u00edctvom pr\u00edstupov zalo\u017een\u00fdch na jednotlivom p\u00edsan\u00ed p\u00edsmen. Zariadenie prij\u00edmaj\u00face sign\u00e1ly z elektr\u00f3d implantovan\u00fdch do mozgu ned\u00e1vno pomohlo pacientovi pretlmo\u010di\u0165 slov\u00e1 a vety v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase.<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u017e ostal po mozgovej pr\u00edhode paralyzovan\u00fd, \u010do ovplyvnilo aj jeho schopnos\u0165 re\u010di. Stal sa prv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkom programu <strong>BRAVO<\/strong> na univerzite v\u00a0San Franciscu, v\u010faka \u010domu podst\u00fapil oper\u00e1ciu, pri ktorej mu <strong>na povrch mozgu polo\u017eili sie\u0165 128 elektr\u00f3d<\/strong>. Tieto elektr\u00f3dy sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na vrchole vr\u00e1s\u010ditej mozgovej k\u00f4ry. K\u00f4ra ovl\u00e1da svaly hlasov\u00e9ho traktu a d\u00e1va im pokyn, aby sa h\u00fdbali, a tak produkovali \u0161pecifick\u00e9 zvuky.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyu\u017eili militaristick\u00fa abecedu<\/h3>\n<p>Zariadenie sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a, ke\u010f mu\u017e potichu vyslovuje k\u00f3dov\u00e9 slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 zastupuj\u00fa 26 p\u00edsmen abecedy. Vedci spo\u010diatku sk\u00fa\u0161ali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 p\u00edsmen\u00e1 namiesto k\u00f3dov. Ich syst\u00e9m mal v\u0161ak probl\u00e9my s rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fdslovnostne podobn\u00fdch p\u00edsmen, ako s\u00fa B, D, P a G.<strong> Fonetick\u00e1 abeceda NATO<\/strong> vyu\u017e\u00edva pri komunik\u00e1cii cez telef\u00f3n alebo vojensk\u00fa vysiela\u010dku 26 kryc\u00edch slov. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich predstavuje za\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno abecedy &#8211; \u00a0\u201ealfa\u201c znamen\u00e1 p\u00edsmeno A, \u201ebravo\u201c znamen\u00e1 B, \u201echarlie\u201c je C at\u010f.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eFonetick\u00e1 abeceda NATO bola vyvinut\u00e1 na komunik\u00e1ciu cez hlu\u010dn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly,\u201c<\/em> povedal Sean Metzger, spoluautor \u0161t\u00fadie BRAVO. Porovn\u00e1va to s prostred\u00edm nervov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed neuroprot\u00e9za rozli\u0161ova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e ticho vyslov\u00ed k\u00f3dov\u00e9 slov\u00e1, \u010d\u00edm sa generuje jeho mozgov\u00e1 aktivita. Algoritmy zariadenia<strong> dek\u00f3duj\u00fa tieto vzruchy a\u00a0vkladaj\u00fa medzery medzi slov\u00e1.<\/strong> Na ukon\u010denie vety sa \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk experimentu pok\u00fasi stla\u010di\u0165 prav\u00fa ruku \u2013 implant\u00e1t cez elektr\u00f3dy vy\u0161le sign\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 zastavia dek\u00f3dovanie.<\/p>\n<h3>Ka\u017ed\u00fdm pokusom s\u00fa bli\u017e\u0161ie k \u00faspechu<\/h3>\n<p>V ned\u00e1vnych testoch dok\u00e1zal mu\u017e vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 vety zo slovnej z\u00e1soby s viac ako 1150 slovami r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 29,4 znakov za min\u00fatu, \u010di\u017ee asi <strong>sedem slov za min\u00fatu<\/strong>. Dek\u00f3dovacie zariadenie ob\u010das urobilo chyby pri preklade jeho mozgovej aktivity do p\u00edsmen, pri\u010dom priemern\u00e1 chybovos\u0165 znakov bola 6,13 %.<\/p>\n Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok str\u00e1caj\u00fa tis\u00edce \u013eud\u00ed schopnos\u0165 hovori\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku m\u0155tvice, nehody alebo choroby. zdroj: unsplash.com\n<p>V\u010faka opakovan\u00fdm pokusom existuje <strong>priestor na vyhladenie nedokonalost\u00ed<\/strong>. Aby boli tak\u00e9to zariadenia vhodn\u00e9 na ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie, je potrebn\u00e9 zlep\u0161i\u0165 dve veci. Z\u013eah\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edstup na ovl\u00e1danie pre pacientov aj ich opatrovate\u013eov a\u00a0bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 pripojenie implant\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia by bola <strong>u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 najm\u00e4 pre pacientov v &#8222;uzamknutom stave&#8220;<\/strong>, pri\u010dom si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa svoje kognit\u00edvne funkcie. Pre paralyzovan\u00fdch pacientov, ktor\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu st\u00e1le pohybova\u0165 o\u010dami a \u017emurka\u0165, by pravdepodobne zostali najlep\u0161ou vo\u013ebou neinvaz\u00edvne komunika\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na sledovan\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: www.livescience.com<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cover photo source: pexels.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Af\u00e1zia je ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 nast\u00e1va v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku po\u0161kodenia re\u010dov\u00fdch centier v\u00a0mozgu. Vedci \u0165a\u017eko postihnut\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom vr\u00e1ti\u0165 re\u010d nem\u00f4\u017eu, implant\u00e1t riadiaci mozgov\u00e9 centrum sa v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7997"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7997\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}