{"id":8009,"date":"2022-11-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/priestupna-sekunda-bude-zrusena-preco\/"},"modified":"2022-11-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-11-23T23:00:00","slug":"priestupna-sekunda-bude-zrusena-preco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/priestupna-sekunda-bude-zrusena-preco\/","title":{"rendered":"Priestupn\u00e1 sekunda bude zru\u0161en\u00e1. Pre\u010do?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Priestupn\u00e1 sekunda, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobovala technologick\u00fd chaos u\u017e od svojho uvedenia pred p\u00e4\u0165desiatimi rokmi, bude zru\u0161en\u00e1 od roku 2035.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vedeck\u00e1 komunita<\/strong> sa rozhodla <strong>zru\u0161i\u0165 syst\u00e9m priestupnej sekundy<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd bol <strong>prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t prijat\u00fd v roku 1972<\/strong>, aby <strong>zodpovedal zmen\u00e1m v<\/strong> <strong>rot\u00e1cii Zeme<\/strong>. <strong>Celosvetovo akceptovan\u00fd \u0161tandard na meranie \u010dasu sa spoliehal na rot\u00e1ciu Zeme<\/strong>, \u010do viedlo k vytvoreniu <strong>\u0161tandardu svetov\u00e9ho \u010dasu (UT1)<\/strong> zn\u00e1meho ako <strong>syst\u00e9m Greenwichsk\u00e9ho stredn\u00e9ho \u010dasu (GMT)<\/strong>. S pr\u00edchodom <strong>at\u00f3mov\u00fdch hod\u00edn<\/strong> sa v\u0161ak vyvinula <strong>presnej\u0161ia a spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ia met\u00f3da<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 viedla k vytvoreniu <strong>syst\u00e9mu koordinovan\u00e9ho svetov\u00e9ho \u010dasu (UTC)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Od za\u010diatku roku 1972 sa <strong>UTC v\u017edy udr\u017eiavalo v rozsahu \u00b10.9 sekundy so stupnicou UT1 pridan\u00edm kladnej priestupnej sekundy<\/strong>, zvy\u010dajne <strong>o polnoci z 30. j\u00fana na 1. j\u00fala alebo z 31. decembra na 1. janu\u00e1ra nasleduj\u00faceho roku<\/strong>. Rozhodnutie prida\u0165 priestupn\u00fa sekundu prij\u00edma pribli\u017ene <strong>\u0161es\u0165 mesiacov vopred Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 slu\u017eba syst\u00e9mu rot\u00e1cie Zeme a referen\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov (IERS)<\/strong>. Kol\u00edsanie rot\u00e1cie Zeme sa v\u0161ak ned\u00e1vno zmenilo a <strong>rot\u00e1cia Zeme sa zr\u00fdchlila<\/strong>.\u00a0T\u00fdm prelomila doteraj\u0161ie z\u00e1znamy o d\u013a\u017eke d\u0148a, kedy sa<strong> rot\u00e1cia Zeme spoma\u013eovala<\/strong>. E\u0161te v nie pr\u00edli\u0161 vzdialenej minulosti <strong>na pridanie priestupnej sekundy technologick\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti doplatili v\u00fdpadkami slu\u017eieb a nevyspytate\u013en\u00fdm spr\u00e1van\u00edm serverov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Rozhodnutie o zru\u0161en\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><strong>18.novembra 2022<\/strong> sa na <strong>Gener\u00e1lnej konferencii pre v\u00e1hy a miery v Par\u00ed\u017ei<\/strong> rozhodlo, \u017ee <strong>priestupn\u00e1 sekunda bude zru\u0161en\u00e1 po\u010dn\u00fac rokom 2035<\/strong>. Hlasovanie o ukon\u010den\u00ed syst\u00e9mu priestupnej sekundy, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 aj <strong>&#8222;Rezol\u00facia D&#8220;<\/strong>, bude <strong>tla\u010di\u0165 na rozsiahlej\u0161ie prijatie syst\u00e9mu UTC<\/strong> a bude <strong>\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a\u017e do roku 2135<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Kto bol proti?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Vedci z \u010c\u00edny <\/strong>doteraz argumentovali<strong> proti zru\u0161eniu syst\u00e9mu UT1<\/strong>, pri\u010dom sa odvol\u00e1vali na <strong>kult\u00farne d\u00f4vody<\/strong>. <strong>Rusko <\/strong>\u00fadajne chcelo<strong> zru\u0161enie priestupnej sekundy oddiali\u0165<\/strong>. Naviga\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m <strong>GLONASS <\/strong>je toti\u017e<strong> st\u00e1le z\u00e1visl\u00fd na zapo\u010d\u00edtavan\u00ed priestupnej sekundy<\/strong>. Krajina tak potrebuje viac \u010dasu na <strong>rekalibr\u00e1ciu<\/strong> or <strong>moderniz\u00e1ciu vybavenia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Priestupn\u00e1 sekunda dok\u00e1\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 chaos<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom<\/strong> s priestupn\u00fdmi sekundami je to, \u017ee ich <strong>nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vlo\u017ei\u0165 do programu hne\u010f od za\u010diatku<\/strong>, preto\u017ee s\u00fa ohl\u00e1sen\u00e9 <strong>iba \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov pred potrebou ich uplatnenia<\/strong>. Ak by <strong>v\u0161etky zariadenia t\u00fato zmenu neuplatnili naraz<\/strong>, nekonzistentnos\u0165 v r\u00f4znych syst\u00e9moch na meranie \u010dasu by mohla vies\u0165 k <strong>poruche syst\u00e9mov<\/strong> and <strong>rozsiahlym v\u00fdpadkom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 2012 utrpel port\u00e1l Reddit v\u00fdpadok, preto\u017ee jeho <strong>servery s opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom Linux nedok\u00e1zali aplikova\u0165 priestupn\u00fa sekundu<\/strong> o polnoci z 30. j\u00fana na 1. j\u00fala. Medzi \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi dotknut\u00fdmi stranami boli napr\u00edklad aj <strong>servery spolo\u010dnost\u00ed Mozilla<\/strong> and <strong>LinkedIn<\/strong>. Priestupn\u00e1 sekunda tie\u017e robila <strong>probl\u00e9my v opera\u010dnom syst\u00e9me Solaris od spolo\u010dnosti Sun Microsystems<\/strong> v roku 2009. Vtedy priestupn\u00e1 sekunda sp\u00f4sobila <strong>samovo\u013en\u00fd re\u0161tart viacer\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov<\/strong>\u00a0o polnoci z 31. decembra 2008 na 1. janu\u00e1ra 2009. Podobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v\u0161ak e\u0161te st\u00e1le nastali aj pri poslednej \u00faprave \u010dasu priestupnou sekundou na konci roku 2016. V j\u00fali tohto roku <strong>Meta zverejnila blogov\u00fd pr\u00edspevok<\/strong>, v ktorom <strong>\u017eiadala zru\u0161enie syst\u00e9mu priestupnej sekundy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Obavy do bud\u00facnosti<\/h3>\n<p>A\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00e9ho d\u0148a bolo potrebn\u00e9 <strong>priestupn\u00e9 sekundy iba prid\u00e1va\u0165<\/strong>. Odborn\u00edci tak u\u017e teraz maj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00fa predstavu, ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom to zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165. Teraz v\u0161ak existuje<strong> ve\u013emi re\u00e1lna mo\u017enos\u0165<\/strong>, \u017ee pri najbli\u017e\u0161om posune \u010dasu priestupnou sekundou <strong>bude potrebn\u00e9 sekundu od\u010d\u00edta\u0165<\/strong>. Tento posun by pod\u013ea predpokladov mal nasta\u0165 <strong>e\u0161te pred zru\u0161en\u00edm priestupnej sekundy do roku 2030<\/strong>. Softv\u00e9r pre tak\u00fdto pr\u00edpad je u\u017e z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti zaveden\u00fd, av\u0161ak zatia\u013e <strong>nebol nikdy testovan\u00fd v celosvetovom meradle<\/strong>. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu <strong>vedci predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky od\u010d\u00edtania priestupnej sekundy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 katastrof\u00e1lne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999\">Zdroje: Nature, The New York Times, Engineering at Meta, Research Data Portal<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Priestupn\u00e1 sekunda, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobovala technologick\u00fd chaos u\u017e od svojho uvedenia pred p\u00e4\u0165desiatimi rokmi, bude zru\u0161en\u00e1 od roku 2035. &nbsp; Vedeck\u00e1 komunita sa rozhodla zru\u0161i\u0165 syst\u00e9m<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8009","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8009"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8009\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8009"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8009"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8009"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}