{"id":8016,"date":"2022-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/henrietta-lacks-hela-cells\/"},"modified":"2022-11-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-11-26T23:00:00","slug":"henrietta-lacks-hela-cells","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/henrietta-lacks-hela-cells\/","title":{"rendered":"Henrietta Lacks: O jej nesmrte\u013en\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch vieme viac ako o jej \u017eivote"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u201eVzorky patria afroamerickej \u017eene z\u00a0m\u00e4sa a\u00a0kost\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 mala rodinu a\u00a0vlastn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh\u201c <\/em>povedala jej vnu\u010dka. Henrietta Lacks sa stala pr\u00edkladom, z\u00a0ktor\u00e9ho sa lek\u00e1rska etika mus\u00ed pou\u010di\u0165 \u2013 neh\u013eadiac na \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n<h3>Pre\u0161la si ve\u013ekou boles\u0165ou<\/h3>\n<p>Pri ochrane n\u00e1\u0161ho zdravia zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu prevencia. \u010castokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak <strong>zanedb\u00e1vame \u010di odklad\u00e1me pravideln\u00e9 prehliadky u lek\u00e1ra<\/strong>, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 ve\u013emi nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky.<\/p>\n<p>Henrietta Lacks bola matkou piatich det\u00ed. Po\u010das posledn\u00e9ho tehotenstva <strong>v\u00a0sebe c\u00edtila zvl\u00e1\u0161tne nap\u00e4tie,<\/strong> no a\u017e nieko\u013eko mesiacov po p\u00f4rode vyh\u013eadala pomoc lek\u00e1ra. Znepokojiv\u00e9 krv\u00e1canie a\u00a0hr\u010dka, ktor\u00fa neodhalili pri naroden\u00ed syna nakoniec priniesli bolestiv\u00fd rozsudok \u2013 rakovinu kr\u010dka maternice. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu ohrozeniu sa dnes v\u00a0prvom \u0161t\u00e1diu d\u00e1 pred\u00eds\u0165, ale <strong>v\u00a050. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia nebola lie\u010dba pr\u00edli\u0161 sofistikovan\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O\u0161etrenie zah\u0155\u0148alo mal\u00e9 sklenen\u00e9 trubice r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvneho kovu, ktor\u00e9 sa zabalili to l\u00e1tkov\u00fdch vrec\u00fa\u0161ok. N\u00e1sledne sa vykonala oper\u00e1cia a <strong>trubice sa pri\u0161ili do vn\u00fatra kr\u010dka maternice<\/strong>. Bolestiv\u00e1 proced\u00fara nezabr\u00e1nila roz\u0161\u00edreniu rakoviny a Henrietta Lacks skonala v roku 1951 ako 31-ro\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie bunky sa neodobrali dobrovo\u013ene<\/h3>\n<p>K\u00fdm \u017eivot mladej afroameri\u010danky vyhasol priskoro, s\u00a0jej bunkami sa medic\u00edna stret\u00e1va dodnes. H\u00e1\u010dik je v\u00a0tom, \u017ee <strong>Henriettu nikto ne\u017eiadal o\u00a0povolenie na to, aby sa jej bunky stali predmetom v\u00fdskumu<\/strong>. Pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed z\u00e1kroku chirurg odobral dve mal\u00e9 vzorky tkaniva: jednu z Henriettinho n\u00e1doru a jednu zo zdrav\u00e9ho tkaniva kr\u010dka maternice. Vzorky sa ocitli medzi \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi, ktor\u00e9 mali sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 na v\u00fdskum lek\u00e1ra Georgea Geya. Ved\u00faci v\u00fdskumu tkanivov\u00fdch kult\u00far v\u00a0nemocnici Johns Hopkins h\u013eadal \u201enesmrte\u013en\u00fa\u201c bunkov\u00fa l\u00edniu, aby roz\u0161\u00edril poznanie o\u00a0rakovinotvorn\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V laborat\u00f3riu sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee jej <strong>bunky maj\u00fa mimoriadnu schopnos\u0165 pre\u017ei\u0165 a rozmno\u017eova\u0165 sa<\/strong> \u2013 v podstate sa stali rie\u0161en\u00edm dlhotrvaj\u00faceho probl\u00e9mu. V\u00fdskumn\u00edk ich n\u00e1sledne zdie\u013eal s in\u00fdmi vedcami a stali sa \u00fastredn\u00fdm bodom biologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu.<\/p>\n Dve desa\u0165ro\u010dia boli bunky \u017eenine komercializovan\u00e9 a distribuovan\u00e9 po celom svete, zatia\u013e \u010do jej rodina o ni\u010dom nevedela. zdroj: unsplash.com\n<p><strong>HeLa<\/strong> bunky sa kr\u00e1tko na to zap\u00edsali do hist\u00f3rie medic\u00ednskeho pokroku. Do dne\u0161n\u00e9ho d\u0148a <strong>prispeli k takmer 75 000 \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1m<\/strong>. Roz\u0161\u00edrili vedomie o HPV v\u00edruse, vakc\u00ednach proti detskej obrne \u010di pomohli pochopi\u0165 priebeh v\u00edrusu HIV\/AIDS. Okrem toho sa bunky Henrietty Lacks vyu\u017e\u00edvali v \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eitom v\u00fdskume pri v\u00fdrobe vakc\u00edn proti chorobe COVID-19.<\/p>\n<h3>Rodina sa po rokoch do\u010dkala n\u00e1pravy<\/h3>\n<p>Napriek tomu bola Henriettina rola a\u017e do 70. rokov nezn\u00e1ma aj jej rodine. V 21. storo\u010d\u00ed sa Henriettin pr\u00edpad stal d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou diskusie o informovanom s\u00fahlase pacientov s extrakciou a pou\u017eit\u00edm buniek vo v\u00fdskume. V roku 2013 N\u00e1rodn\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00faty zdravia (NIH) udelili rodine Lacksovcov kontrolu nad t\u00fdm, ako sa pou\u017eij\u00fa \u00fadaje o bunkovom gen\u00f3me HeLa. Dvaja \u010dlenovia rodiny Lacks tvorili s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 pracovnej skupiny HeLa Genome Data Access z NIH, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00famala \u017eiadosti v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov o pr\u00edstup k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m o sekvencii HeLa.<\/p>\n Henriettine bunky umo\u017enili pokrok v lie\u010dbe rakoviny, v\u00fdskume AIDS, klonovan\u00ed, \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch kme\u0148ov\u00fdch buniek a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch projektoch. zdroj: unsplash.com\n<p>Nemocnica Johns Hopkins sa takisto podie\u013ea na tom, aby vynahradila preml\u010dan\u00fd skutok jedn\u00e9ho z\u00a0jej zamestnancov. Na svojej<strong> ofici\u00e1lnej str\u00e1nke<\/strong> sa zav\u00e4zuje v oce\u0148ovan\u00ed pr\u00ednosu Henrietty Lacks a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed primeranej ochrany o starostlivos\u0165 o lek\u00e1rske inform\u00e1cie rodiny Lacksovcov.<\/p>\n<h3>Nesmrte\u013en\u00fd odkaz<\/h3>\n<p>Ako mnoho pr\u00edbehov, aj tento sa postupne dostal na str\u00e1nky kn\u00edh a\u00a0telev\u00edzne obrazovky. Kniha od autorky <strong>Rebeccy Skloot<\/strong> sa zaradila medzi najlep\u0161ie knihy roku 2010. <em>Nesmrte\u013en\u00fd \u017eivot Henriety Lacks<\/em> rozpr\u00e1va strhuj\u00faci pr\u00edbeh o kol\u00edzii medzi etikou, rasou a\u00a0medic\u00ednou. Pon\u00faka aj n\u00e1h\u013ead na Henriettinu dc\u00e9ru, pohlten\u00fa ot\u00e1zkami o matke, ktor\u00fa nikdy nepoznala.<\/p>\n<p>HBO v roku 2017 nakr\u00fatilo pod\u013ea kni\u017enej predlohy rovnomenn\u00fd film. Henriettu Lacks stv\u00e1rnila here\u010dka a moder\u00e1torka Oprah Winfrey. Je to pr\u00edbeh neoddelite\u013ene spojen\u00fd s temnou hist\u00f3riou experimentovania na Afroameri\u010danoch, zrodom bioetiky a <strong>pr\u00e1vnymi spormi o tom, \u010di m\u00e1me pod kontrolou veci, z ktor\u00fdch sa sklad\u00e1me.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Trailer #1 (2017) | Movieclips Trailers\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FaFJya7FVSM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: www.britannica.com, www.nature.com<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroj titulnej fotografie: www.pinterest.com\/Kadir Nelson, Smithsonian Institute<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eVzorky patria afroamerickej \u017eene z\u00a0m\u00e4sa a\u00a0kost\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 mala rodinu a\u00a0vlastn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh\u201c povedala jej vnu\u010dka. Henrietta Lacks sa stala pr\u00edkladom, z\u00a0ktor\u00e9ho sa lek\u00e1rska etika mus\u00ed pou\u010di\u0165<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8016"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8016\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}