{"id":8041,"date":"2022-12-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-09T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/nedavny-vyskum-poukazuje-na-obnovitelnu-environmentalnu-dna\/"},"modified":"2022-12-10T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-09T23:00:00","slug":"nedavny-vyskum-poukazuje-na-obnovitelnu-environmentalnu-dna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/nedavny-vyskum-poukazuje-na-obnovitelnu-environmentalnu-dna\/","title":{"rendered":"Ned\u00e1vny v\u00fdskum poukazuje na obnovite\u013en\u00fa environment\u00e1lnu DNA. Siaha a\u017e do obdobia pred 2 mili\u00f3nmi rokov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u00edroda na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty m\u00e1 za sebou neuverite\u013en\u00fa hist\u00f3riu. Jedn\u00fdm z d\u00f4kazov je <strong>ned\u00e1vny v\u00fdskum t\u00fdkaj\u00faci sa rekon\u0161trukcie hist\u00f3rie Zeme<\/strong>, informuje port\u00e1l ScienceAlert.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 2006 t\u00edmy z University of Copenhagen a University of Cambridge zozbierali vzorky sedimentov z geologickej form\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dzala nieko\u013eko stoviek m\u00ed\u013e od severn\u00e9ho p\u00f3lu, informuje port\u00e1l C&amp;EN. <strong>Pokusy o extrahovanie DNA zo z\u00edskan\u00fdch vzoriek boli v\u0161ak nieko\u013eko rokov ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u017e v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa preuk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee sediment\u00e1rne usadeniny z permafrostu zo severn\u00e9ho Gr\u00f3nska obsahovali obnovite\u013en\u00fa environment\u00e1lnu DNA,<strong> ktor\u00e1 siaha do obdobia pribli\u017ene pred 2 mili\u00f3nmi rokov<\/strong>, dod\u00e1va ScienceAlert. Okrem toho sa odhalilo, \u017ee dan\u00fd regi\u00f3n bol v minulosti domovom r\u00f4znych zvierac\u00edch druhov, ako napr\u00edklad mastodontov, lum\u00edkov \u010di hus\u00ed, uv\u00e1dza The Guardian. Pr\u00e1ve toto zistenie pon\u00faka bezprecedentn\u00fd poh\u013ead na formovanie ekosyst\u00e9mov v d\u00f4sledku zmeny kl\u00edmy.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010ealek\u00e1 minulos\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>Sk\u00faman\u00e1 DNA poch\u00e1dza z \u010dias, ke\u010f bola arktick\u00e1 oblas\u0165 o 11 a\u017e 19 stup\u0148ov Celzia teplej\u0161ia v porovnan\u00ed so s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165ou. Okrem spom\u00ednan\u00fdch zisten\u00ed anal\u00fdza odha\u013euje, \u017ee severn\u00fd polostrov Gr\u00f3nska, zn\u00e1my aj ako pol\u00e1rna p\u00fa\u0161\u0165, v minulosti tvorili bore\u00e1lne lesy topo\u013eov\u00fdch a brezov\u00fdch stromov, v ktor\u00fdch \u017eila divok\u00e1 zver. Na z\u00e1klade dan\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa odha\u013euj\u00fa postupn\u00e9 z\u00e1very, <strong>ako by sa jednotliv\u00e9 druhy \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov mohli prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165, aby pre\u017eili hrozbu r\u00fdchleho glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u201eKone\u010dne sa otvorila nov\u00e1 kapitola zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00faca 1 mili\u00f3n rokov hist\u00f3rie navy\u0161e a po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t sa m\u00f4\u017eeme priamo pozrie\u0165 na DNA minul\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd je tak \u010faleko v \u010dase,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> cituje ScienceAlert slov\u00e1 genetika Eskeho Willersleva.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u201eDNA sa m\u00f4\u017ee r\u00fdchlo degradova\u0165, ale uk\u00e1zali sme, \u017ee za spr\u00e1vnych okolnost\u00ed sa teraz m\u00f4\u017eeme vr\u00e1ti\u0165 v \u010dase \u010falej, ne\u017e by si ktoko\u013evek dok\u00e1zal predstavi\u0165,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> dod\u00e1va.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyu\u017eitie viacer\u00fdch vzoriek<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Materi\u00e1l pou\u017eit\u00fd v anal\u00fdze poch\u00e1dzal z \u013eadu a permafrostu geologickej form\u00e1cie Kap K\u00f8benhavn<\/strong> <strong>s\u00eddliacej v \u00fasti fjordu v severnom Gr\u00f3nsku.<\/strong> Av\u0161ak z\u00edskan\u00e1 DNA by bola e\u0161te pred p\u00e1r rokmi nepou\u017eite\u013en\u00e1, nako\u013eko jej fragmenty boli mal\u00e9, ve\u013emi degradovan\u00e9 a ne\u00fapln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Nature video interview clips\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wI_and9102c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve preto Willerslev spolu s jeho t\u00edmom pracoval na projekte 16 rokov, <strong>pri\u010dom identifikovali a\u017e 41 DNA vzoriek<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza The Guardian. Sediment, v ktorom boli n\u00e1jden\u00e9, sa vytv\u00e1ral viac ako 20 000 rokov. V kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku sa zachoval v \u013eade alebo permafroste, kde 2 mili\u00f3ny rokov le\u017eal neru\u0161en\u00fd \u013eu\u010fmi.<\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e1 extrakcia a anal\u00fdza DNA sa vyzna\u010duje ako n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00faci spojenie mal\u00fdch fragmentov genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<strong> D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u010das\u0165 tvorilo najm\u00e4 jej oddelenie od \u00edlu a kremenn\u00e9ho sedimentu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Zaznamenan\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy<\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u00edchod novej gener\u00e1cie techn\u00edk sekvenovania DNA umo\u017enil vedcom <strong>identifikova\u0165 a spoji\u0165 extr\u00e9mne mal\u00e9 a po\u0161koden\u00e9 fragmenty DNA<\/strong>. Podarilo sa to na z\u00e1klade odkazovania na rozsiahle kni\u017enice DNA zozbieran\u00fdch zo s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch zvierat, rastl\u00edn a mikroorganizmov.<\/p>\n<p>Rekon\u0161trukcia odhalila r\u00f4zne formy \u017eivota <strong>sp\u00e1jaj\u00face sa prekvapivo s miernym podneb\u00edm<\/strong>, p\u00ed\u0161e ScienceAlert. Vedci na\u0161li zvierat\u00e1 pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 sobom, lum\u00edkom, hus\u00e1m \u010di zajacom. Najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00edm \u00fakazom bol mastodont, zn\u00e1my ako cicavec z doby \u013eadovej, ktor\u00fd sa predt\u00fdm vyskytoval iba na \u00fazem\u00ed Severnej a Strednej Ameriky. V\u00fdnimkou neboli ani mravce, blchy \u010di koraly, ktor\u00e9 tie\u017e zanechali svoje stopy v sedimente spolu s brezami a topo\u013eov\u00fdmi stromami.<\/p>\n Sk\u00faman\u00e1 DNA siaha do obdobia pribli\u017ene pred 2 mili\u00f3nmi rokov. Zdroj: AP\/Beth Zaiken\n<p>Vzorky v\u0161ak neodhalili \u017eiadne m\u00e4so\u017eravce, dod\u00e1va The Guardian. Existuje pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee ich bolo menej, av\u0161ak <strong>vedci predpokladaj\u00fa v\u00fdskyt star\u00fdch medve\u010fov, vlkov a \u0161ab\u013eozub\u00fdch tigrov<\/strong>. Willerslev tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee s ve\u013ekou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou i\u0161lo o druhy, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dovali ob\u017eivu mastodontom a sobom.<\/p>\n<p>Pokia\u013e ide o vzorky DNA odobrat\u00fdch z mikroorganizmov a h\u00fab, e\u0161te st\u00e1le prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciou. <strong>Bud\u00faci dokument op\u00ed\u0161e cel\u00fd rozsah ekosyst\u00e9mu<\/strong> pod\u013ea najlep\u0161ieho pochopenia vedcov.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u201e\u00dadaje nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee viac druhov sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyv\u00edja\u0165 a adaptova\u0165 na divoko sa meniace teploty, ako sa doteraz predpokladalo,\u201c<\/em> <\/strong>cituje The Guardian slov\u00e1 spoluautora \u0161t\u00fadie Dr Mikkela Pedersena.<\/p>\n<h3>Prisp\u00f4sobenie sa otep\u013eovaniu<\/h3>\n<p>Moment\u00e1lna r\u00fdchlos\u0165 glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania nazna\u010duje, \u017ee<strong> mnoh\u00e9 druhy nebud\u00fa ma\u0165 dostatok \u010dasu na prisp\u00f4sobenie sa<\/strong>. Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 n\u00fadza zost\u00e1va obrovskou hrozbou pre biodiverzitu. Willerslev s kolegami uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee \u0161t\u00fadium starovek\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov m\u00f4\u017ee pon\u00faknu\u0165 poh\u013ead na prisp\u00f4sobenie sa niektor\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch druhov teplej\u0161iemu podnebiu.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u201eIde o jeden z d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do sa dan\u00fd vedeck\u00fd pokrok pova\u017euje za tak v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, nako\u013eko m\u00f4\u017ee odhali\u0165, ako sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 \u010deli\u0165 ni\u010div\u00e9mu vplyvu glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> vrav\u00ed Willerslev.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ealej dod\u00e1va, \u017ee existuje mo\u017enos\u0165 zhroma\u017edenia prelomov\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o p\u00f4vode r\u00f4znych druhov, ktor\u00e9 by sa mohli t\u00fdka\u0165 aj <strong>prv\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed a ich predkov<\/strong>, informuje ScienceAlert.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u00edroda na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty m\u00e1 za sebou neuverite\u013en\u00fa hist\u00f3riu. Jedn\u00fdm z d\u00f4kazov je ned\u00e1vny v\u00fdskum t\u00fdkaj\u00faci sa rekon\u0161trukcie hist\u00f3rie Zeme, informuje port\u00e1l ScienceAlert. V roku 2006<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8041"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8041\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8041"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}