\u0160t\u00fadia \u0161iestich chemikov zo Chicagskej univerzity v\u00a0ned\u00e1vnej \u0161t\u00fadii predstavuje, ako by mohla vznikn\u00fa\u0165 umelo vytvoren\u00e1 fotosynt\u00e9za. Pokia\u013e by projekt \u00faspe\u0161ne napredoval, poskytol by nov\u00e9 rie\u0161enia v\u00a0r\u00e1mci udr\u017eate\u013enej verzie bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n
Fotosynt\u00e9za je s\u00fabor procesov, pri ktor\u00fdch rastliny premie\u0148aj\u00fa slne\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eiarenie a molekuly vody na vyu\u017eite\u013en\u00fa energiu vo forme gluk\u00f3zy. Na to pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pigment (chlorofyl), bielkoviny, enz\u00fdmy a kovy. Je teda zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee bez prirodzenej fotosynt\u00e9zy by sme tu neboli<\/strong>. Vyr\u00e1ba kysl\u00edk, ktor\u00fd d\u00fdchame a vytv\u00e1ra jedlo, ktor\u00e9 jeme. Hoci je dostato\u010dn\u00e1 na to, aby udr\u017eala na\u017eive rastliny, nedosahuje mno\u017estvo energie potrebnej na poh\u00e1\u0148anie na\u0161ich domovov a dopravn\u00fdch prostriedkov.<\/p>\n Posledn\u00e9 dve storo\u010dia sa \u013eudia spoliehali na koncentrovan\u00fa energiu z fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv. Ide o\u00a0vy\u010derpate\u013en\u00e9 z\u00e1soby, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa negat\u00edvny vplyv na zemsk\u00fa kl\u00edmu<\/strong>. Novou mo\u017enos\u0165ou pre na\u0161e vyu\u017eitie by sa jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a mohla sta\u0165 umel\u00e1 fotosynt\u00e9za.<\/p>\n Prepracovanie rastlinn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na v\u00fdrobu vlastn\u00fdch druhov pal\u00edv predstavuje pre vedcov n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fdzvu. Chemick\u00e9 vybavenie jedn\u00e9ho listu m\u00e1 zlo\u017eit\u00fa stavbu a nie je tak\u00e9 \u013eahk\u00e9 ho premeni\u0165 na n\u00e1\u0161 vlastn\u00fd \u00fa\u010del. Hoci si tento projekt na ofici\u00e1lne predstavenie e\u0161te chv\u00ed\u013eu po\u010dk\u00e1, z\u00a0kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd na v\u00fdrobu in\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/p>\n Fotosynt\u00e9za je postaven\u00e1 tak, aby vytv\u00e1rala uh\u013eohydr\u00e1ty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa skvel\u00e9 pre n\u00e1s, ale nie na\u0161e aut\u00e1. Vozidl\u00e1 na svoje spojazdnenie potrebuj\u00fa koncentrovanej\u0161iu energiu<\/strong>. Alternat\u00edvy k\u00a0fos\u00edlnym paliv\u00e1m tak musia by\u0165 energeticky hustej\u0161ie, ako napr\u00edklad v\u00a0pr\u00edpade etanolu alebo met\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n Ak vyviniete dobr\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, mo\u017eno ich zapoji\u0165 do mnoh\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. V\u00fdnimkou nie je ani fotosynt\u00e9za. zdroj: pexels.com\n \u201eNajv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou v\u00fdzvou, ktor\u00fa si mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia neuvedomuj\u00fa, je, \u017ee ani pr\u00edroda nem\u00e1 rie\u0161enie na pokrytie vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho mno\u017estva energie,\u201c<\/em> uviedol Wenbin Lin, jedenz chemikov na Chicagskej univerzite. Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia uv\u00e1dza desa\u0165kr\u00e1t efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky<\/strong> ako predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face met\u00f3dy syntetickej fotosynt\u00e9zy.<\/p>\n Trafi\u0165 spr\u00e1vny pomer chemick\u00fdch reakci\u00ed je zlo\u017eit\u00e9, \u013eudia sa u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia sna\u017eia napodobni\u0165 prirodzen\u00e9 fungovanie pr\u00edrody. Lin a jeho laborat\u00f3rny t\u00edm si mysleli, \u017ee by mohli sk\u00fasi\u0165 prida\u0165 nie\u010do, \u010do syst\u00e9my umelej fotosynt\u00e9zy doteraz nezah\u0155\u0148ali: aminokyseliny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Komplikovan\u00fd proces zah\u0155\u0148a dva d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 kroky. Voda sa oddel\u00ed od oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho a\u00a0op\u00e4tovne sp\u00e1ja at\u00f3my do podoby sacharidov. V\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm musel vytvori\u0165 syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd by namiesto toho produkoval met\u00e1n alebo CH4, \u010do je uhl\u00edk obklopen\u00fd \u0161tyrmi molekulami vod\u00edka.<\/p>\n Aby to urobili, za\u010dali reakciu s\u00a0organick\u00fdmi molekulami obsahuj\u00facimi uhl\u00edk. Jednotliv\u00e9 vrstvy kovovo-organickej \u0161trukt\u00fary ponorili do roztoku kobaltu. Tento prvok sa vyu\u017e\u00edva pri zachyt\u00e1van\u00ed elektr\u00f3nov a ich pohybe po\u010das chemick\u00fdch reakci\u00ed. Do zmesi pridali aminokyseliny, molekul\u00e1rne stavebn\u00e9 kamene bielkov\u00edn.<\/p>\n Krok sa uk\u00e1zal ako \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd. Podarilo sa im zlep\u0161i\u0165 obe polovice reakcie<\/strong>: proces, ktor\u00fd rozde\u013euje vodu a ten, ktor\u00fd prid\u00e1va elektr\u00f3ny a prot\u00f3ny do oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. V oboch pr\u00edpadoch aminokyseliny pomohli reakcii prebieha\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n Dokonca aj s v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161en\u00fdm v\u00fdkonom m\u00e1 umel\u00e1 fotosynt\u00e9za pred sebou e\u0161te dlh\u00fa cestu, k\u00fdm dok\u00e1\u017ee vyprodukova\u0165 dostatok paliva, aby sa mohla pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 glob\u00e1lne. Pozit\u00edvnou spr\u00e1vou v\u0161ak je, \u017ee t\u00edm pochopil doteraz nepoznan\u00fd proces.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u010cist\u00fa energiu m\u00f4\u017eeme vytvori\u0165 s netoxick\u00fdmi, \u013eahko dostupn\u00fdmi zdrojmi. zdroj: pexels.com\n Ak ke\u010f syst\u00e9m v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie je dostato\u010dne efekt\u00edvny na to, aby poh\u00e1\u0148al aut\u00e1 alebo vykuroval domy, m\u00f4\u017ee sa vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na in\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Do \u00favahy prich\u00e1dza napr\u00edklad farmaceutick\u00fd priemysel<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd by reakcie uplatnil pri v\u00fdrobe z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed pre lie\u010div\u00e1.<\/p>\n Doteraz sme poznali vetern\u00fa a sol\u00e1rnu energiu ako dve hlavn\u00e9 formy<\/strong> \u010distej energie. Syntetick\u00e1 fotosynt\u00e9za by t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom dramaticky zmenila trh v r\u00e1mci obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov<\/strong>. \u013dahko skladovate\u013en\u00e1 energia bez potreby objemn\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed je v\u017edy vhodnou vo\u013ebou pre ekologickej\u0161\u00ed chod spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n Zdroje: www.livescience.com, www.news.uchicago.edu<\/strong><\/p>\n Zdroj titulnej fotografie: www.unsplash.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0160t\u00fadia \u0161iestich chemikov zo Chicagskej univerzity v\u00a0ned\u00e1vnej \u0161t\u00fadii predstavuje, ako by mohla vznikn\u00fa\u0165 umelo vytvoren\u00e1 fotosynt\u00e9za. Pokia\u013e by projekt \u00faspe\u0161ne napredoval, poskytol by nov\u00e9 rie\u0161enia<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8044"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8044\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Vylep\u0161ili doteraj\u0161ie met\u00f3dy<\/h3>\n
Upraven\u00e9 reakcie<\/h3>\n
Otvorili dvere \u010fal\u0161\u00edm pokusom<\/h3>\n