{"id":8064,"date":"2022-12-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-19T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/tri-najvzacnejsie-dusevne-poruchy\/"},"modified":"2022-12-20T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-19T23:00:00","slug":"tri-najvzacnejsie-dusevne-poruchy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/tri-najvzacnejsie-dusevne-poruchy\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hady mozgu: 3 najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie du\u0161evn\u00e9 poruchy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nepozna\u0165 bl\u00edzkych, vlastn\u00e9 telo \u010di svet okolo seba nepochybne s\u0165a\u017euje \u017eivot \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed trpia niektor\u00fdm z t\u00fdchto syndr\u00f3mov. Hoci ich nie je ve\u013ea, ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edpad pom\u00e1ha lek\u00e1rom lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165 tieto du\u0161evn\u00e9 poruchy a lie\u010di\u0165 dan\u00fa diagn\u00f3zu.<\/p>\n<h3>Falo\u0161n\u00ed priatelia<\/h3>\n<p>Predstavte si, \u017ee m\u00e1te okolo seba svojich najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed. Vyzeraj\u00fa rovnako, spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa rovnako, no nie\u010do v\u00e1m na nich nesed\u00ed. <strong>Capgrasov syndr\u00f3m<\/strong> je psychologick\u00fd stav, ke\u010f \u010dlovek \u017eije v\u00a0predstave, pod\u013ea ktorej s\u00fa jeho zn\u00e1mi nahraden\u00ed identick\u00fdm dvojn\u00edkom. V\u00a0ojedinel\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch s\u00fa pacienti ku \u201eklonom\u201c agres\u00edvni, \u010do m\u00e1 negat\u00edvny dopad na medzi\u013eudsk\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy a\u00a0okolie, ktor\u00e9 nerozumie zmene spr\u00e1vania. Zvy\u010dajne ide sk\u00f4r o<strong>\u00a0\u00fazkos\u0165 alebo strach<\/strong>, preto\u017ee<strong> neprav\u00e1 osoba je<\/strong> pod\u013ea postihnut\u00e9ho<strong> na nerozoznanie od origin\u00e1lu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f sa \u0161tatisticky vyskytuje \u010dastej\u0161ie u\u00a0\u017eien ne\u017e u\u00a0mu\u017eov, pred necel\u00fdmi sto rokmi dostal syndr\u00f3m pomenovanie po franc\u00fazskom psychiatrovi, Josephovi Capgrasovi. Psychick\u00fd stav doteraz diagnostikovali<strong> 0,12% z\u00a0celkovej popul\u00e1cie.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa n\u00e1m \u013eudia bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed, t\u00fdm menej im ver\u00edme&#8230;d\u00e1 tento stav zvr\u00e1ti\u0165? zdroj: www. pixabay.com\n<p>Existuje viacero potenci\u00e1lnych pr\u00ed\u010din stojacich za vznikom Capgrasovho syndr\u00f3mu. M\u00f4\u017ee sa s\u00fa\u010dasne vyskytova\u0165 u\u00a0pacientov trpiacich schizofr\u00e9niou \u010di epilepsiou, rizikov\u00fdm faktorom sa st\u00e1va aj hormon\u00e1lna nerovnov\u00e1ha. Syndr\u00f3m prich\u00e1dza do \u00favahy aj <strong>po r\u00f4znych zraneniach hlavy<\/strong> \u010di neurologick\u00fdch ochoreniach.<\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00ed \u013eudia s Capgrasov\u00fdm syndr\u00f3mom nemusia nikdy dosiahnu\u0165 \u00fapln\u00e9 uzdravenie. Opatrovatelia a rodinn\u00ed pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 so zmiernen\u00edm pr\u00edznakov. Pr\u00edkladom je <strong>valida\u010dn\u00e1 terapia<\/strong> zameriavaj\u00faca sa na niekoho, kto akceptuje nespr\u00e1vnu identifik\u00e1ciu, aby mu pomohla zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u00fazkos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 tipy na starostlivos\u0165 o niekoho s Capgrasov\u00fdm syndr\u00f3mom zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>trpezlivos\u0165<\/li>\n<li>necha\u0165 \u00fadajn\u00e9ho podvodn\u00edka prehovori\u0165 sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e ho doty\u010dn\u00fd uvid\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>neh\u00e1da\u0165 sa s osobou o \u201epodvodn\u00edkovi\u201c, o ktorom si myslia, \u017ee je skuto\u010dn\u00fd, dopria\u0165 jej \u010das<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Syndr\u00f3m chodiacej m\u0155tvoly<\/h3>\n<p>V jednom zo svojich prv\u00fdch opisov psychopatol\u00f3gie v roku 1880, Jules Cotard op\u00edsal pr\u00edpad <em>\u201edelire hypochondriaque\u201c<\/em>. \u017dena v strednom veku nepretr\u017eite popierala existenciu svojho mozgu, nervov, hrudn\u00edka a vn\u00fatornost\u00ed. Jednoducho sa pova\u017eovala za zlo\u017een\u00fa z ko\u017ee a kost\u00ed. Negovala tie\u017e existenciu Boha a diabla. O nieko\u013eko rokov nesk\u00f4r Cotard zaviedol term\u00edn<em> \u201eDelire des negation\u201c<\/em>. Ozna\u010doval pacientov s\u00a0odmietav\u00fdm postojom, ktor\u00fd <strong>zodpoved\u00e1 charakteristike sebaklamu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Ako dok\u00e1\u017ee mozog vytesni\u0165 inform\u00e1ciu o tom, \u017ee sme osoba z m\u00e4sa a kost\u00ed? zdroj: unsplash.com\n<p>Zriedkav\u00fd neuropsychiatrick\u00fd stav, pri ktorom <strong>pacient popiera existenciu vlastn\u00e9ho tela<\/strong> dok\u00e1\u017ee dospie\u0165 a\u017e do il\u00fazie o\u00a0nesmrte\u013enosti. Predstavy m\u00f4\u017eu hrani\u010di\u0165 s\u00a0ohrozen\u00edm \u017eivota, kedy \u010dlovek odmieta ak\u00fako\u013evek stravu. Cotardov syst\u00e9m je doteraz<strong> zn\u00e1my u\u00a0pribli\u017ene 200 \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong>, ktor\u00ed z\u00e1pasia s\u00a0\u00fazkostnou melanch\u00f3liou.<\/p>\n<p>Cotardov syndr\u00f3m je do istej miery podobn\u00fd s\u00a0Capgrasov\u00fdm. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee obe du\u0161evn\u00e9 poruchy poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z odpojenia medzi oblas\u0165ami mozgu, ktor\u00e9 rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00fa tv\u00e1re a\u00a0vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa emocion\u00e1lny obsah. To m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k zmene pre\u017e\u00edvania alebo vn\u00edmania vonkaj\u0161ieho sveta tak, \u017ee sa zd\u00e1 by\u0165 nere\u00e1lny. Sken mozgu u\u00a0\u013eud\u00ed vykazuj\u00facich Cotardov syndr\u00f3m prezr\u00e1dza r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie zmen\u0161ovanie mozgov\u00fdch buniek a\u00a0<strong>po\u0161kodenie laloku sp\u00e1jaj\u00faceho v\u0161etky zmyslov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lie\u010dba si vy\u017eaduje u\u017e\u00edvanie antidepres\u00edv \u010di in\u00fdch stabiliz\u00e1torov n\u00e1lady. Popri psychoterapii niektor\u00ed lek\u00e1ri vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj <strong>elektrokonvulz\u00edvnu<\/strong> terapiu, ktor\u00e1 prekrvuje po\u0161koden\u00e9 oblasti mozgu.<\/p>\n<h3>Odli\u0161n\u00e1 predstava reality<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Syndr\u00f3m Alice v krajine z\u00e1zrakov<\/strong> (Alice in Wonderland syndrome) je zriedkav\u00fd stav sp\u00f4sobuj\u00faci do\u010dasn\u00e9 epiz\u00f3dy skreslen\u00e9ho vn\u00edmania a dezorient\u00e1cie. \u010clovek m\u00e1 v\u00a0takomto pr\u00edpade pocit, \u017ee je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed alebo men\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e v skuto\u010dnosti. Priestorov\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje zm\u00e4tok v\u00a0tom, ako \u010faleko sa nach\u00e1dza okolit\u00fd n\u00e1bytok \u010di samotn\u00e1 izba.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto epiz\u00f3dy nie s\u00fa v\u00fdsledkom vypitia zmen\u0161uj\u00faceho n\u00e1poja \u010di konzum\u00e1cie zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uj\u00facich su\u0161ienok ako v Alicinom pr\u00edpade. AIWS syndr\u00f3m <strong>postihuje predov\u0161etk\u00fdm deti<\/strong> a mlad\u00fdch dospel\u00fdch, \u010d\u00edsla sa pohybuj\u00fa na 10 a\u017e 20 percent\u00e1ch popul\u00e1cie. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed s prib\u00fadaj\u00facim vekom z neusporiadan\u00e9ho vn\u00edmania vyrastie, ale st\u00e1le je mo\u017en\u00e9 za\u017ei\u0165 ho v dospelosti.<\/p>\n Jednotlivec m\u00f4\u017ee osta\u0165 po prvom nepr\u00edjemnom z\u00e1\u017eitku vydesen\u00fd \u010di \u00fazkostliv\u00fd. zdroj: pixabay.com\n<p>Nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 diagnostika rad\u00ed tento syndr\u00f3m medzi nepredv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00e9 poruchy. Skreslen\u00e1 realita \u010di r\u00fdchlo\/pomaly plyn\u00faci \u010das trvaj\u00fa nanajv\u00fd\u0161 p\u00e1r min\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>Neurologick\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny v\u00fdskytu tohto syndr\u00f3mu st\u00e1le nie s\u00fa zn\u00e1me. Myln\u00e9 predstavy sa v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 ako ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed efekt pri migr\u00e9nach, epilepsii \u010di u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed psychoakt\u00edvnych liekov. <strong>Priama lie\u010debn\u00e1 met\u00f3da neexistuje<\/strong>, sk\u00f4r ide o\u00a0sprievodn\u00e9 lie\u010denie zapr\u00ed\u010dinen\u00e9 spom\u00ednan\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami. Ak ale pacient \u017eiadnym z\u00a0t\u00fdchto ochoren\u00ed netrp\u00ed, <strong>p\u00f4vodcom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 stres<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd sa dok\u00e1\u017ee odb\u00fara\u0165 relaxa\u010dn\u00fdm cvi\u010den\u00edm alebo medit\u00e1ciou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: www.healthline.com, www.nih.gov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroj titulnej fotografie: www.pixabay.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nepozna\u0165 bl\u00edzkych, vlastn\u00e9 telo \u010di svet okolo seba nepochybne s\u0165a\u017euje \u017eivot \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed trpia niektor\u00fdm z t\u00fdchto syndr\u00f3mov. Hoci ich nie je ve\u013ea, ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edpad<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8064"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8064\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}