Ide o kreat\u00edvny a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd sp\u00f4sob rie\u0161enia toho, aby sa mikroplasty nenach\u00e1dzali v\u00a0ka\u017edom k\u00fate na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty.<\/p>\n
Mikroplasty s\u00fa rozhodne \u017eivou t\u00e9mou, ktor\u00e1 v\u00edri vody hlavne vo vedeckej a enviroment\u00e1lnej oblasti. Drobn\u00e9 \u010dastice sa kv\u00f4li svojmu<\/strong> nadmern\u00e9mu v\u00fdskytu delia na prim\u00e1rne a sekund\u00e1rne.<\/strong> Prim\u00e1rne sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v komer\u010dne vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch produktoch, ako je kozmetika, odevy \u010di ryb\u00e1rske siete. Sekund\u00e1rne mikroplasty s\u00fa \u010dastice vznikaj\u00face rozpadom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch plastov\u00fdch predmetov<\/strong>, napr\u00edklad plastov\u00fdch flia\u0161. Tento rozpad sp\u00f4sobuje vystavenie sa environment\u00e1lnym faktorom, najm\u00e4 slne\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu a morsk\u00fdm vln\u00e1m.<\/p>\n Vzh\u013eadom na to, ak\u00fd be\u017en\u00fd je plast v modernej spolo\u010dnosti, nie je prekvapuj\u00face, \u017ee jeho mal\u00e9 k\u00fasky mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 takmer v\u0161ade na Zemi. zdroj: unsplash.com\n Probl\u00e9m mikroplastov je, \u017ee im m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 stovky alebo tis\u00edce rokov, k\u00fdm sa rozlo\u017eia<\/strong> \u2013 a medzit\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobia zm\u00e4tok<\/strong>\u00a0v<\/strong> \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/strong> Na pl\u00e1\u017each sa viacfarebn\u00e9 mikroplasty mie\u0161aj\u00fa so zrnkami piesku. V oce\u00e1noch mikroplastov\u00e9 zne\u010distenie \u010dasto nevedome konzumuj\u00fa morsk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy.<\/p>\n Negat\u00edvny dopad na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie poch\u00e1dza z odpadkov, ktor\u00e9 sa nespr\u00e1vnym likvidovan\u00edm dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do na\u0161ich oce\u00e1nov. Vyzer\u00e1 to tak, \u017ee im nem\u00e1me ako unikn\u00fa\u0165<\/strong> \u2013 b\u00farky dv\u00edhaj\u00fa hladiny a\u00a0rozpr\u00fadia toky riek, n\u00e1sledkom \u010doho sa mikroplasty pres\u00favaj\u00fa v\u00a0potravinovom re\u0165azci a\u017e k\u00a0n\u00e1m.<\/p>\n Pri po\u010detn\u00fdch v\u00fdskumoch sa mikroplasty na\u0161li v morsk\u00fdch organizmoch od plankt\u00f3nu po ve\u013eryby, v\u00a0zmesiach mrazen\u00fdch morsk\u00fdch plodov a\u00a0\u010do je zar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00face, aj v\u00a0pitnej vode. Aby sa veci e\u0161te viac skomplikovali, mikroplasty sa v oce\u00e1ne m\u00f4\u017eu viaza\u0165 s in\u00fdmi \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi chemik\u00e1liami<\/strong> predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e ich pohltia podmorsk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy.<\/p>\n Mnoh\u00e9 krajiny prij\u00edmaj\u00fa opatrenia na zn\u00ed\u017eenie po\u010dtu mikroplastov<\/strong> v r\u00e1mci ochrany \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. O pitn\u00fa vodu s\u00edce tak skoro nepr\u00eddeme, no probl\u00e9mom ost\u00e1va fakt, \u017ee \u0161tandardn\u00e9 zariadenia na \u00fapravu vody nedok\u00e1\u017eu odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 v\u0161etky stopy mikroplastov.<\/p>\n Vedci v\u00a0Ju\u017enej K\u00f3rei<\/strong> vyvinuli nov\u00fa met\u00f3du \u010distenia riek \u010di oce\u00e1nov, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee r\u00fdchlo a efekt\u00edvne eliminova\u0165 mikroplasty a in\u00e9 zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky<\/strong>. Medzi pou\u017eit\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly patr\u00ed nanocelul\u00f3za, polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 dr\u00f4ty a filtra\u010dn\u00e9 st\u013apce vyroben\u00e9 z piesku, \u0161trku a biofilmov. Posledn\u00fa zlo\u017eku tvor\u00ed v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo mikrobi\u00e1lnych buniek, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pevne prichyten\u00e9 k\u00a0r\u00f4znym povrchom alebo sebe navz\u00e1jom. Pred nepriazniv\u00fdmi vplyvmi vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia s\u00fa chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 vlastn\u00fdm mimobunkov\u00fdm obalom.<\/p>\n K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k funguj\u00facemu syst\u00e9mu je l\u00e1tka zn\u00e1ma ako kovalentn\u00fd triaz\u00e9nov\u00fd r\u00e1mec (CTF)<\/strong>. Ve\u013ek\u00fd povrch a por\u00e9znos\u0165 poskytuje dostato\u010dn\u00fd priestor na ukladanie molek\u00fal. Ned\u00e1vny v\u00fdskum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny vedia eliminova\u0165 organick\u00e9 farbiv\u00e1 v priemyseln\u00fdch odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch. T\u00edm usilovne pracoval na tom, aby sa molekuly v CTF viac \u201epriatelili\u201c s vodou a stali sa takzvane hydrofiln\u00fdmi.<\/strong><\/p>\n CTF vystavili miernej oxid\u00e1cii, \u010do sa uk\u00e1zalo ako spr\u00e1vny krok. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd filter m\u00e1 pri ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlom odstra\u0148ovan\u00ed mikroplastov z vody vysok\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u2013 \u00fadajne viac ako 99,9 % zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok sa od vody oddelilo do 10 sek\u00fand<\/strong>. V\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee materi\u00e1l sa d\u00e1 pou\u017ei\u0165 viackr\u00e1t bez oslabenia jeho v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n V \u010fal\u0161om teste v\u00fdskumn\u00edci vyvinuli verziu polym\u00e9ru, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee absorbova\u0165 slne\u010dn\u00e9 svetlo, a premie\u0148a energiu na teplo. Sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fd variant vyu\u017eili na \u010distenie inej toxickej l\u00e1tky, zn\u00e1mej ako prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC). V\u00a0z\u00e1vere dok\u00e1zal odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 viac ako 98 % VOC silou jedn\u00e9ho slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. Prototyp kombinuj\u00faci oba typy membr\u00e1n pohltil viac ako 99,9 VOC aj mikroplastov.<\/p>\n \u017divotn\u00e9mu prostrediu pom\u00f4\u017ee aj \u0161\u00edrenie povedomia o tom, aby sme prestali zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165 s plastom ako s\u00a0odpadom<\/strong>. V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojom, ak ho dok\u00e1\u017eeme op\u00e4tovne pou\u017ei\u0165 a recyklova\u0165.<\/p>\n Smutn\u00fd poh\u013ead na zanedban\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee vyrie\u0161i\u0165 hlavne chu\u0165 nie\u010do zmeni\u0165. zdroj: unsplash.com\n Pokia\u013e uva\u017eujeme v\u00a0\u010d\u00edslach, ro\u010dne sa pred\u00e1 viac ako 1,4 bili\u00f3na n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch obalov, z\u00a0\u010doho je 500 mili\u00e1rd tvoren\u00fdch plastom. Prive\u013ea z\u00a0nich zbyto\u010dne skon\u010d\u00ed na odpadovej skl\u00e1dke a\u00a0potrv\u00e1 450 rokov<\/strong>, k\u00fdm sa plastov\u00e9 \u010dasti definit\u00edvne rozlo\u017eia. K\u00fdm ubehne 365 dn\u00ed, v na\u0161ich oce\u00e1noch skon\u010d\u00ed osem mili\u00f3nov ton tohto materi\u00e1lu<\/strong>, \u010do je ekvivalent jedn\u00e9ho smetiarskeho auta za min\u00fatu.<\/p>\n Juhok\u00f3rejsk\u00ed\u00a0 vedci pri svojich testoch r\u00e1tali s t\u00fdm, \u017ee projekt dok\u00e1\u017ee \u010disti\u0165 kontaminovan\u00fa vodu a z\u00e1sobova\u0165 oblasti, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch je probl\u00e9m s\u00a0elektrickou energiou. \u00daspech pokusov ich v\u0161ak pr\u00edjemne prekvapil.<\/p>\n \u201eTechnol\u00f3gia, ktor\u00fa sme tu vyvinuli, je bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom \u010distenia vody s najvy\u0161\u0161ou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou \u010distenia na svete. Jej v\u00fdnimo\u010dnos\u0165 spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0ultra vysokej r\u00fdchlosti, po\u010das ktorej sa odstr\u00e1ni\u00a0 viac ako 99,9 percent fenolov\u00fdch mikroplastov a kontaminantov VOC,\u201c<\/em> vysvet\u013euje profesor Park Chi-Young, hlavn\u00fd autor \u0161t\u00fadie.<\/p>\n Zdroje: www.newatlas.com<\/strong><\/p>\n Zdroj titulnej fotografie: www.unsplash.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ide o kreat\u00edvny a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd sp\u00f4sob rie\u0161enia toho, aby sa mikroplasty nenach\u00e1dzali v\u00a0ka\u017edom k\u00fate na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty. N\u00e1jdeme ich v\u0161ade Mikroplasty s\u00fa rozhodne \u017eivou t\u00e9mou, ktor\u00e1<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8093","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8093"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8093\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 potrebuje nov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie<\/h3>\n
Prekvapuj\u00face v\u00fdsledky<\/h3>\n
Plasty vs. boj s \u010dasom<\/h3>\n