{"id":8097,"date":"2023-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/teoria-citovej-vazby\/"},"modified":"2023-01-10T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T23:00:00","slug":"teoria-citovej-vazby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/teoria-citovej-vazby\/","title":{"rendered":"Te\u00f3ria citovej v\u00e4zby a 4 \u0161t\u00fdly prip\u00fatania vo vz\u0165ahoch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Te\u00f3ria citovej v\u00e4zby<\/strong> je evolu\u010dn\u00e1 a psychologick\u00e1 te\u00f3ria t\u00fdkaj\u00faca sa vz\u0165ahov medzi \u013eu\u010fmi. Zameriava sa na dlhodob\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy.<\/p>\n

Ako prv\u00fd sa te\u00f3ri\u00ed\u00a0 prip\u00fatania venoval britsk\u00fd psychol\u00f3g John Bowlby<\/strong>. Bowlby sa zauj\u00edmal o pochopenie \u00fazkosti a stresu, ktor\u00e9 deti pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, ke\u010f s\u00fa oddelen\u00e9 od svojich prim\u00e1rnych opatrovate\u013eov<\/strong>. Predpokladal, \u017ee extr\u00e9mne spr\u00e1vanie doj\u010diat, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa za cie\u013e vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa odl\u00fa\u010deniu od rodi\u010da, pla\u010d, krik a pri\u013enutie, s\u00fa evolu\u010dn\u00e9 mechanizmy<\/strong>. A domnieval sa, \u017ee toto spr\u00e1vanie bolo pravdepodobne posilnen\u00e9 pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm v\u00fdberom, aby zv\u00fd\u0161ilo \u0161ance die\u0165a\u0165a na pre\u017eitie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n J. Bowlby op\u00edsal prip\u00fatanos\u0165 ako trval\u00e9 psychick\u00e9 spojenie medzi \u013eudsk\u00fdmi bytos\u0165ami<\/em>.\u00a0<\/strong>(Foto: Ricardo Tamayo, Unsplash)\n

4 druhy spr\u00e1vania<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdskum Bowlbyho te\u00f3rie prip\u00fatanosti uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee doj\u010dat\u00e1 umiestnen\u00e9 do nezn\u00e1mej situ\u00e1cie a odl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9 od svojich rodi\u010dov bud\u00fa po op\u00e4tovnom stretnut\u00ed s rodi\u010dmi reagova\u0165 jedn\u00fdm z troch sp\u00f4sobov:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba:<\/strong> Tieto doj\u010dat\u00e1 po odl\u00fa\u010den\u00ed vykazuj\u00fa \u00fazkos\u0165, ale po n\u00e1vrate rodi\u010dov sa \u013eahko ut\u00ed\u0161ia.<\/li>\n
  2. \u00dazkostno-odoln\u00e1 v\u00e4zba:<\/strong> Niektor\u00e9 doj\u010dat\u00e1 poci\u0165uj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu mieru stresu pri odl\u00fa\u010den\u00ed a po op\u00e4tovnom stretnut\u00ed s rodi\u010dmi sa pok\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa „potresta\u0165“ rodi\u010dov za to, \u017ee odi\u0161li.<\/li>\n
  3. Vyh\u00fdbav\u00e1 v\u00e4zba:<\/strong> Doj\u010dat\u00e1 v tretej kateg\u00f3rii nevykazuj\u00fa pri odl\u00fa\u010den\u00ed od rodi\u010dov \u017eiadny stres alebo len minim\u00e1lny stres a po op\u00e4tovnom stretnut\u00ed rodi\u010dov ich bu\u010f ignoruj\u00fa, alebo sa im akt\u00edvne vyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/li>\n
  4. V neskor\u0161\u00edch rokoch v\u00fdskumn\u00edci pridali do tohto zoznamu \u0161tvrt\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl prip\u00fatania: dezorganizovan\u00fa-dezorientovan\u00fa v\u00e4zbu,<\/strong> ktor\u00e1 sa vz\u0165ahuje na deti, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00fd vzorec spr\u00e1vania sa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Te\u00f3ria prip\u00fatanosti aplikuje poznatky o prip\u00fatanosti det\u00ed na vz\u0165ahy, do ktor\u00fdch vstupujeme ako dospel\u00ed. Tieto vz\u0165ahy (najm\u00e4 int\u00edmne a romantick\u00e9) tie\u017e priamo s\u00favisia s na\u0161imi \u0161t\u00fdlmi prip\u00fatania v detstve. (Foto: Alexander Grey, Unsplash)\n

    Ako sa prejavuj\u00fa 4 odli\u0161n\u00e9 typy \u010falej vo vz\u0165ahoch<\/h3>\n

    Bezpe\u010dn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl<\/strong> prip\u00fatania sa vz\u0165ahuje na schopnos\u0165 vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, l\u00e1skypln\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy s ostatn\u00fdmi.<\/strong> Tak\u00e1to osoba je schopn\u00e1 d\u00f4verova\u0165 druh\u00fdm a by\u0165 d\u00f4veryhodn\u00e1<\/strong>. Relat\u00edvne \u013eahko sa zbl\u00ed\u017ei s druh\u00fdmi. Neob\u00e1va sa intimity, ani nepoci\u0165uje paniku, ke\u010f jej partneri potrebuj\u00fa \u010das osamote. Pod\u013ea v\u00fdskumu prip\u00fatanosti, ktor\u00fd uskuto\u010dnili soci\u00e1lni psychol\u00f3govia Cindy Hazanov\u00e1 a Phillip Shaver, m\u00e1 bezpe\u010dn\u00fd typ prip\u00fatanosti pribli\u017ene 56 % dospel\u00fdch.<\/strong><\/p>\n Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba sa pova\u017euje za zdrav\u00fd ide\u00e1l vz\u0165ahov. V\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, sa ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako neist\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fdly prip\u00fatania. (Foto: Carla R. Hobbins. Unsplash)\n

    Neist\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fdly<\/h3>\n

    \u00dazkostn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl prip\u00fatania<\/strong> sa vyzna\u010duje hlbok\u00fdm strachom z opustenia<\/strong>. \u013dudia s \u00fazkostn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom prip\u00fatania b\u00fdvaj\u00fa vo svojich vz\u0165ahoch ve\u013emi neist\u00ed<\/strong>. \u010casto sa ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee ich partner opust\u00ed, a preto v\u017edy t\u00fa\u017eia po potvrden\u00ed o l\u00e1ske. \u00dazkostn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl sa sp\u00e1ja s clingy spr\u00e1van\u00edm<\/strong><\/em> vo vz\u0165ahoch. Pribli\u017ene 19 % dospel\u00fdch m\u00e1 \u00fazkostn\u00fd typ prip\u00fatanosti.<\/p>\n Clingy znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jeden z partnerov sa spr\u00e1va ako z\u00e1visl\u00fd, posadnut\u00fd alebo \u017eiarliv\u00fd, \u010do \u010dasto vypl\u00fdva z jeho negat\u00edvneho sebaobrazu. (Foto: Firmbee, Unsplash)\n

    Vyh\u00fdbav\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl<\/strong> prip\u00fatania sa vyzna\u010duje strachom z intimity<\/strong>. \u013dudia maj\u00fa probl\u00e9m d\u00f4verova\u0165 in\u00fdm vo vz\u0165ahoch.<\/strong> Vo vz\u0165ahoch si vyh\u00fdbav\u00ed \u013eudia zvy\u010dajne udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00fd odstup<\/strong>. M\u00f4\u017eu dokonca pova\u017eova\u0165 vz\u0165ahy za dusiv\u00e9 a \u00faplne sa im vyh\u00fdba\u0165.<\/strong> D\u00e1vaj\u00fa prednos\u0165 nez\u00e1vislosti a spoliehaj\u00fa sa sami na seba<\/strong>. Vyh\u00fdbav\u00e1 v\u00e4zba je zn\u00e1ma aj ako odmietavo-vyh\u00fdbav\u00e1 v\u00e4zba a vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa zhoduje s \u00fazkostno-vyh\u00fdbav\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom v\u00e4zby pozorovan\u00fdm u det\u00ed. Pod\u013ea v\u00fdskumu Hazana a Shavera m\u00e1 vyh\u00fdbav\u00fd typ prip\u00fatanosti pribli\u017ene 25 % dospel\u00fdch.<\/p>\n Foto: Averie Woodard, Unsplash\n

    \u00dazkostno-vyh\u00fdbav\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl prip\u00fatania je kombin\u00e1ciou \u00fazkostn\u00e9ho aj vyh\u00fdbav\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu prip\u00fatania. \u013dudia s takouto v\u00e4zbou z\u00fafalo t\u00fa\u017eia po n\u00e1klonnosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa jej chc\u00fa za ka\u017ed\u00fa cenu vyhn\u00fa\u0165<\/strong>. Zdr\u00e1haj\u00fa sa nadviaza\u0165 bl\u00edzky romantick\u00fd vz\u0165ah, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 poci\u0165uj\u00fa naliehav\u00fa potrebu c\u00edti\u0165 sa milovan\u00ed druh\u00fdmi. <\/strong>Tento typ prip\u00fatania je ojedinel\u00fd.
    \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 foto: Kelly Sikema, Unsplash<\/p>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Te\u00f3ria citovej v\u00e4zby je evolu\u010dn\u00e1 a psychologick\u00e1 te\u00f3ria t\u00fdkaj\u00faca sa vz\u0165ahov medzi \u013eu\u010fmi. Zameriava sa na dlhodob\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy. Ako prv\u00fd sa te\u00f3ri\u00ed\u00a0 prip\u00fatania venoval<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8097\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}