{"id":8114,"date":"2023-01-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/jeden-z-mesiacov-planety-jupiter-by-coskoro-mohol-odhalit-tajomstva\/"},"modified":"2023-01-20T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T23:00:00","slug":"jeden-z-mesiacov-planety-jupiter-by-coskoro-mohol-odhalit-tajomstva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/jeden-z-mesiacov-planety-jupiter-by-coskoro-mohol-odhalit-tajomstva\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeden z mesiacov plan\u00e9ty Jupiter mo\u017eno \u010doskoro odhal\u00ed tajomstv\u00e1 mikrobi\u00e1lneho \u017eivota"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jupiter obklopuj\u00fa desiatky prirodzen\u00fdch dru\u017e\u00edc. Je pravdepodobn\u00e9, aby mesiac Io pod spa\u013euj\u00facim povrchom skr\u00fdval prastar\u00e9 mikr\u00f3by?<\/p>\n

Jupiterova sonda<\/h3>\n

Astron\u00f3movia sa pok\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa zisti\u0165 \u010do najviac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch plan\u00e9tach slne\u010dnej s\u00fastavy, aby pochopili vznik a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj vesm\u00edru<\/strong> do dne\u0161nej podoby. Hoci Mars \u00a0<\/strong>patr\u00ed k najviac presk\u00faman\u00fdm teles\u00e1m v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1\u0161ho planet\u00e1rneho syst\u00e9mu, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pozornos\u0165 sa venuje aj plan\u00e9te Jupiter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n zdroj: unsplash.com\n

V r\u00edmskej mytol\u00f3gii sa hovor\u00ed, \u017ee mocn\u00fd boh Jupiter sa zaha\u013euje do oblakov, aby skryl svoje zl\u00e9 skutky. Iba jeho man\u017eelka, bohy\u0148a Juno, mohla nahliadnu\u0165 cez pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a vidie\u0165 jeho prav\u00e9 ja. Pomenovanie kozmickej sondy<\/strong> ur\u010denej na sk\u00famanie Jupitera preto nemohlo by\u0165 pr\u00edzna\u010dnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

Juno opustila zemsk\u00fd povrch \u00a05. augusta 2011. K\u00fdm vesm\u00edrna lo\u010f<\/strong> dorazila k najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej plan\u00e9te sol\u00e1rneho syst\u00e9mu, precestovala pribli\u017ene 3 miliardy kilometrov, k\u00fdm 4. j\u00fala 2016 dorazila do cie\u013ea. \u00a0Juno sa sna\u017e\u00ed pochopi\u0165 minulos\u0165 Jupitera \u0161t\u00fadiom jeho s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch z\u00e1had. Pomocou sady vysoko citliv\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov sonda vrhla nov\u00e9 svetlo na fungovanie siln\u00fdch b\u00farkov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov \u010di magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0krok bli\u017e\u0161ie k\u00a0nov\u00fdm zisteniam<\/h3>\n

Obria plan\u00e9ta m\u00e1 po Saturne druh\u00fd najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det mesiacov<\/strong>. Spomedzi osemdesiatich prirodzen\u00fdch dru\u017e\u00edc astron\u00f3mov najviac zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa Gallileove satelity<\/strong>. \u0160tyri najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mesiace plan\u00e9ty Jupiter dostali svoj n\u00e1zov pod\u013ea talianskeho astron\u00f3ma Galilea Galileiho, ktor\u00fd ich prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t pozoroval v roku 1610. Io, Eur\u00f3pa, Ganymede a Callisto<\/strong> sa od seba odli\u0161uj\u00fa vzh\u013eadom a t\u00fdm, ak\u00e9 javy na nich prebiehaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n zdroj: pixabay.com\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1ujem astrobiol\u00f3gov vzbudzovali mesiace Eur\u00f3pa a Ganymede. D\u00f4vodom boli ich nepreb\u00e1dan\u00e9 podpovrchov\u00e9 oce\u00e1ny. Hor\u00faci a vulkanick\u00fd Io<\/strong> doteraz neposkytol d\u00f4kazy o tom, \u017ee by v minulosti vyzeral ob\u00fdvate\u013enej\u0161ie. To sa v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti zmeni\u0165. Sonda Juno ned\u00e1vno pre\u0161la okolo Io vo vzdialenosti 80 000 km. V priebehu tohto roka sa pribl\u00ed\u017ei e\u0161te viac, a\u017e do bl\u00edzkosti\u00a0 1 500 km<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Rozp\u00e1len\u00fd \u201ePizza mesiac\u201c<\/h3>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina toho, \u010do vieme o Io, poch\u00e1dza zo v\u00fdskumov tohto mesiaca, ktor\u00e9 sa odohrali pred viac ako 20 rokmi. Na Io sa nach\u00e1dza akt\u00edvne l\u00e1vov\u00e9 jazero<\/strong> spolu s l\u00e1vov\u00fdmi pr\u00fadmi, horami, n\u00e1horn\u00fdmi plo\u0161inami a rovinami.<\/p>\n

Vulkanick\u00e9 erupcie na Io s\u00fa tak\u00e9 prudk\u00e9, \u017ee l\u00e1va vytriskne nieko\u013eko stoviek kilometrov do vesm\u00edru. Zatia\u013e \u010do priemern\u00e1 povrchov\u00e1 teplota \u00a0-130 \u00b0 C je ve\u013emi n\u00edzka, teploty v bl\u00edzkosti sope\u010dn\u00fdch centier dosahuj\u00fa a\u017e 1 600 \u00b0 C.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 sope\u010dn\u00e9 prieduchy vylu\u010duj\u00fa plynn\u00fd oxid siri\u010dit\u00fd do riedkej atmosf\u00e9ry, ktor\u00e1 nesk\u00f4r zam\u0155za na povrchu. Cez plochu sa prelievaj\u00fa hor\u00face l\u00e1vov\u00e9 pr\u00fady, v\u010faka \u010domu Io z\u00edskava svoj jedine\u010dn\u00fd vzh\u013ead. Medzi vedcami si vysl\u00fa\u017eil prez\u00fdvku \u201ePizza mesiac\u201c \u2013 pr\u00e1ve pre charakteristick\u00e9 \u017elto-oran\u017eovo-\u010derven\u00e9 \u0161kvrny.<\/p>\n

Vysok\u00e9 teploty zmenili jeho vzh\u013ead<\/h3>\n

Na za\u010diatku svojej hist\u00f3rie mohol Io obsahova\u0165 to\u013eko vody ako Eur\u00f3pa alebo Ganymede, preto\u017ee sa vytvoril v oblasti slne\u010dnej s\u00fastavy, kde bolo ve\u013ea vodn\u00e9ho \u013eadu. Spo\u010diatku mohla kombin\u00e1cia tekutej vody a geoterm\u00e1lneho tepla vies\u0165 k rozvoju \u017eivota<\/strong>. Av\u0161ak kv\u00f4li nemilosrdn\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu Jupitera a pr\u00edlivov\u00e9mu ohrevu<\/strong> Io n\u00e1sledne stratil v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu vody, a povrch sa stal neob\u00fdvate\u013en\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

V z\u00e1sade by geoterm\u00e1lna aktivita a zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny s\u00edry mohli poskytn\u00fa\u0165 mikrobi\u00e1lnemu \u017eivotu dostato\u010dn\u00e9 zdroje energie. Pod povrchom sa pravdepodobne be\u017ene vyskytuje najm\u00e4 s\u00edrovod\u00edk. Ak si predstav\u00edme mo\u017enos\u0165 podzemn\u00e9ho \u017eivota na Io,<\/strong> jeho prostredie by muselo by\u0165 radik\u00e1lne odli\u0161n\u00e9 od toho, \u010do vid\u00edme na povrchu. Vhodn\u00fd biotop by musel poskytova\u0165 ochranu pred \u017eiaren\u00edm a teploty by museli zosta\u0165 dostato\u010dne tepl\u00e9 a ust\u00e1len\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Sk\u00famanie bez predsudkov<\/h3>\n

Mikrobi\u00e1lny rast<\/strong> je v l\u00e1vov\u00fdch r\u00farach na Zemi be\u017en\u00fd bez oh\u013eadu na polohu a kl\u00edmu. Vznik\u00e1 po\u010das interakcie \u013eadu a sopky na Islande alebo v hor\u00facich l\u00e1vov\u00fdch r\u00farach obklopen\u00fdch pieskom v Saudskej Ar\u00e1bii. L\u00e1vov\u00e9 r\u00farky s\u00fa najpravdepodobnej\u0161\u00edm prostred\u00edm pre \u017eivot na Marse a jaskyne s\u00fa skvel\u00fdm modelom pre potenci\u00e1lne podpovrchov\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n zdroj: pixabay.com\n

Hlavn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom testovania tohto druhu hypot\u00e9zy je, \u017ee nem\u00f4\u017eeme jednoducho prist\u00e1\u0165 a pozera\u0165 sa \u2013 radi\u00e1cia a sope\u010dn\u00e1 aktivita<\/strong> na Io to takmer znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa. Najlep\u0161ou alternat\u00edvou s\u00fa zatia\u013e umel\u00e9 dru\u017eice. Juno by n\u00e1m v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti mala poskytn\u00fa\u0165 viac ve\u013ekolep\u00fdch poh\u013eadov na tento zauj\u00edmav\u00fd mesiac, ako aj lep\u0161ie znalosti o jeho povrchovej ch\u00e9mii.<\/p>\n

Zdroje: www.bigthink.com, www.solarsystem.nasa.gov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zdroj titulnej fotografie: www.pixabay.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jupiter obklopuj\u00fa desiatky prirodzen\u00fdch dru\u017e\u00edc. Je pravdepodobn\u00e9, aby mesiac Io pod spa\u013euj\u00facim povrchom skr\u00fdval prastar\u00e9 mikr\u00f3by? Jupiterova sonda Astron\u00f3movia sa pok\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa zisti\u0165 \u010do najviac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8114"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8114\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}