{"id":8122,"date":"2023-01-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/viete-co-tvori-mesiac-geologicka-mapa-mesiaca-vam-to-prezradi\/"},"modified":"2023-01-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-23T23:00:00","slug":"viete-co-tvori-mesiac-geologicka-mapa-mesiaca-vam-to-prezradi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/viete-co-tvori-mesiac-geologicka-mapa-mesiaca-vam-to-prezradi\/","title":{"rendered":"Viete, \u010do tvor\u00ed Mesiac? Geologick\u00e1 mapa Mesiaca v\u00e1m to prezrad\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eali ste niekedy, z ak\u00fdch horn\u00edn sa skladaj\u00fa tie \u0161kvrny na Mesiaci?<\/strong> Americk\u00e1 geologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba USGS a \u00dastav geoch\u00e9mie \u010c\u00ednskej akad\u00e9mie vied vydali minul\u00fd rok podrobn\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 mapy Mesiaca.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010fme spolu zisti\u0165, z \u010doho sa sklad\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 4,5 miliardy rokov star\u00fd vesm\u00edrny sused!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Hlavn\u00e1 te\u00f3ria o jedinej prirodzenej dru\u017eici na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty<\/h3>\n<p>Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee Mesiac vznikol v d\u00f4sledku hrozivej zr\u00e1\u017eky medzi <strong>Zemou a horninov\u00fdm kusom pribli\u017ene ve\u013ekosti Marsu, ktor\u00fd naz\u00fdvame Theia<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea tejto te\u00f3rie <strong>Mesiac vznikol z magmy a trosiek, ktor\u00e9 boli po tomto n\u00e1raze vyvrhnut\u00e9 do atmosf\u00e9ry okolo Zeme<\/strong>.\u00a0 Od svojho vzniku bol Mesiac <strong>ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00fd teplom ranej Zeme a s\u00fastavn\u00fdmi dopadmi asteroidov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Prv\u00e9 mapy<\/h3>\n<p>Prv\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 mapy Mesiaca boli vytvoren\u00e9 v obdob\u00ed takzvan\u00fdch <strong><em>&quot;<\/em><em>pretekov o Mesiac\u201c <\/em>od konca 50. do polovice 70. rokov 20. storo\u010dia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V rokoch 1959 a\u017e 1964 Ameri\u010dania iniciovali <strong>projekt Ranger<\/strong>, po ktorom nasledoval <strong>Lunar Orbiter<\/strong>, venovan\u00fd rovnak\u00e9mu cie\u013eu. <strong>Projekt Surveyor<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148al aj nieko\u013eko sond, ktor\u00e9 prist\u00e1li na Mesiaci. Prieskumy uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee na Mesiaci sa nach\u00e1dza aj pomerne m\u00e4kk\u00fd a zvlnen\u00fd ter\u00e9n, kde by mohla bezpe\u010dne prist\u00e1\u0165 vesm\u00edrna lo\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>Od 90. rokov 20. storo\u010dia sa <strong>v\u00fdskum Mesiaca dostal do novej f\u00e1zy rozmachu a k Mesiacu bolo vypusten\u00fdch takmer viacero kozmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed nielen z USA<\/strong>, ale aj z kraj\u00edn, ako s\u00fa <strong>\u010c\u00edna, India a Japonsko<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Prv\u00e1 jednotn\u00e1 geologick\u00e1 mapa Mesiaca je z Ameriky<\/h3>\n<p>Vedci z Astrogeologick\u00e9ho vedeck\u00e9ho centra USGS v spolupr\u00e1ci s NASA a Lun\u00e1rnym planet\u00e1rnym in\u0161tit\u00fatom <strong>ako prv\u00fd kompletne zmapovali a jednotne klasifikovali cel\u00fd povrch Mesiaca<\/strong>. Ich mapa nesie n\u00e1zov <em><strong>Jednotn\u00e1 geologick\u00e1 mapa Mesiaca (Unified Geologic Map of the Moon).<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Na vytvorenie novej digit\u00e1lnej mapy vedci pou\u017eili <strong>inform\u00e1cie zo \u0161iestich region\u00e1lnych m\u00e1p z \u00e9ry programu Apollo spolu s aktualizovan\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami z ned\u00e1vnych satelitn\u00fdch misi\u00ed na Mesiac.<\/strong> Existuj\u00face historick\u00e9 mapy boli prekreslen\u00e9 tak, aby boli v s\u00falade s modern\u00fdmi s\u00fabormi \u00fadajov, \u010d\u00edm sa zachovali predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face pozorovania a interpret\u00e1cie. Popri sp\u00e1jan\u00ed nov\u00fdch a star\u00fdch \u00fadajov v\u00fdskumn\u00edci USGS vypracovali aj jednotn\u00fd <strong>opis stratigrafie (vrstiev horn\u00edn) na Mesiaci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eT\u00e1to mapa je vyvrcholen\u00edm desa\u0165ro\u010dia trvaj\u00faceho projektu. Poskytuje d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie pre nov\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie t\u00fdm, \u017ee sp\u00e1ja v\u00fdskum konkr\u00e9tnych miest na Mesiaci so zvy\u0161kom mesa\u010dn\u00e9ho povrchu.\u201c<\/em> Corey Fortezzo, geol\u00f3g USGS a hlavn\u00fd autor geologickej mapy Mesiaca<\/p>\n V\u013eavo je zobrazen\u00e1 bl\u00edzka strana, vpravo vzdialen\u00e1 strana n\u00e1\u0161ho Mesiaca. Rozli\u010dn\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 prvky, ako napr\u00edklad mesa\u010dn\u00e9 vyso\u010diny (tmav\u00e9 zemit\u00e9 odtiene) a star\u00e9 l\u00e1vov\u00e9 pr\u00fady (\u010derven\u00e9 a fialov\u00e9), s\u00fa ozna\u010den\u00e9 r\u00f4znymi farbami. Zdroj: Public Domain, USGS, NASA\n<p>Mapa posl\u00fa\u017ei <strong>pre bud\u00face \u013eudsk\u00e9 misie na Mesiac, pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa vedeck\u00fa komunitu, pedag\u00f3gov aj \u0161irok\u00fa verejnos\u0165<\/strong>. Jej digit\u00e1lna verzia je u\u017e k dispoz\u00edcii online a zobrazuje geol\u00f3giu <strong>Mesiaca v neuverite\u013ene podrobnej mierke 1:5 000 000<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Najpodrobnej\u0161ia geologick\u00e1 mapa Mesiaca je z \u010c\u00edny<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00ednski vedci vytvorili <strong>doteraz najpodrobnej\u0161iu geologick\u00fa mapu Mesiaca<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edna za\u010dala svoj program v\u00fdskumu <strong>Mesiaca v roku 2004 a vyslala na\u0148 vlastn\u00e9 orbit\u00e1lne sondy, prist\u00e1vacie moduly a rovery<\/strong>. Tieto misie zhroma\u017edili \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 boli podkladom pre t\u00fato mapu. Zostrojenie mapy trvalo 10 rokov a podie\u013eali sa na \u0148om stovky v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsek z geologickej mapy Mesiaca v mierke 1: 2 500 000. (Jinzhu Ji, Dijun Guo, Jianzhong Liu, et al. , 2022) Cel\u00fa mapu si m\u00f4\u017eete prezrie\u0165 TU!\n<p>Ako sme u\u017e spom\u00ednali vy\u0161\u0161ie,\u00a0 geologick\u00e1 mapa od USGS m\u00e1 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie 1:5 000 000. Nov\u00e1 mapa z \u010c\u00edny m\u00e1 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie <strong>1:2 500 000<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 1 centimeter na tejto mape predstavuje d\u013a\u017eku 25 km v skuto\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Horniny Mesiaca<\/h3>\n<p>Mesa\u010dn\u00e9 horniny s\u00fa z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti tvoren\u00e9<strong> rovnak\u00fdmi be\u017en\u00fdmi horninotvorn\u00fdmi miner\u00e1lmi, ak\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na Zemi<\/strong>. Ide napr\u00edklad o <strong>oliv\u00edn, pyrox\u00e9n a plagioklasov\u00fd \u017eivec (anortozit)<\/strong>. Plagioklasov\u00fd \u017eivec sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nach\u00e1dza v mesa\u010dnej k\u00f4re, zatia\u013e \u010do pyrox\u00e9n a oliv\u00edn sa zvy\u010dajne vyskytuj\u00fa v mesa\u010dnom pl\u00e1\u0161ti. Miner\u00e1l ilmenit je ve\u013emi hojne zast\u00fapen\u00fd v niektor\u00fdch bazaltoch z Mesiaca. <strong>Mesa\u010dn\u00e9 moria s\u00fa zlo\u017een\u00e9 preva\u017ene z bazaltov<\/strong>, zatia\u013e \u010do <strong>vysokohorsk\u00e9 oblasti s\u00fa chudobn\u00e9 na \u017eelezo a s\u00fa zlo\u017een\u00e9 preva\u017ene z anortozitu, horniny zlo\u017eenej najm\u00e4 z plagioklasov\u00e9ho \u017eivca bohat\u00e9ho na v\u00e1pnik<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ou v\u00fdznamnou zlo\u017ekou k\u00f4ry Mesiaca s\u00fa vyvret\u00e9 magnezitov\u00e9 horniny, ako s\u00fa <strong>troktolity, nority a KREEP-bazalty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <strong>Bazalt<\/strong> je tvrd\u00e1 a hutn\u00e1 tmav\u00e1 vulkanick\u00e1 hornina zlo\u017een\u00e1 hlavne z plagioklasu, pyrox\u00e9nu, a oliv\u00ednu. Je to jedna z najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edch foriem vyvrel\u00edn na zemi.(Fotografia bazaltov\u00e9ho reli\u00e9fu na Islande, Tamara Bitter, Unspplash)","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eali ste niekedy, z ak\u00fdch horn\u00edn sa skladaj\u00fa tie \u0161kvrny na Mesiaci? Americk\u00e1 geologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba USGS a \u00dastav geoch\u00e9mie \u010c\u00ednskej akad\u00e9mie vied vydali minul\u00fd rok<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8122"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8122\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}