{"id":8126,"date":"2023-01-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ako-to-bolo-naozaj-odkryte-dejiny-inkvizicie-a-jej-zverstiev\/"},"modified":"2023-01-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-23T23:00:00","slug":"ako-to-bolo-naozaj-odkryte-dejiny-inkvizicie-a-jej-zverstiev","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ako-to-bolo-naozaj-odkryte-dejiny-inkvizicie-a-jej-zverstiev\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako to bolo naozaj? Odkryt\u00e9 dejiny inkviz\u00edcie a jej zverstiev"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po\u010das tri a pol storo\u010dia trvaj\u00facej \u0161panielskej inkviz\u00edcie do\u0161lo k<strong> viacer\u00fdm prekvapiv\u00fdm, dokonca a\u017e \u0161okuj\u00facim udalostiam<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Zlo\u010diny, za ktor\u00e9 boli \u013eudia potrestan\u00ed po\u010das \u0161panielskej inkviz\u00edcie, sa net\u00fdkali len n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci \u0161panielska inkviz\u00edcia prebiehala pod z\u00e1\u0161titou r\u00edmskokatol\u00edckej cirkvi, <strong>\u0161panielski panovn\u00edci mali vysok\u00fd stupe\u0148 nez\u00e1vislosti<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>P\u00e1pe\u017e nepodporoval \u0161panielsku inkviz\u00edciu<\/h3>\n<p>Na \u017eiados\u0165 \u0161panielskych panovn\u00edkov kr\u00e1\u013ea Ferdinanda II. Arag\u00f3nskeho a kr\u00e1\u013eovnej Izabely I. Kast\u00edlskej <strong>vydal p\u00e1pe\u017e Sixtus IV. v roku 1478 p\u00e1pe\u017esk\u00fa bulu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 splnomocnila \u0161panielsku inkviz\u00edciu.<\/p>\n<p>V <strong>skuto\u010dnosti bol p\u00e1pe\u017e dotla\u010den\u00fd<\/strong> k tomu aby ju vydal.<\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00e1\u013e<strong> Ferdinand pohrozil stiahnut\u00edm vojenskej podpory, ktor\u00fa p\u00e1pe\u017e potreboval na boj proti osmansk\u00fdm Turkom<\/strong>, po\u010das obdobia expanzie Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 1482 bol p\u00e1pe\u017e Sixtus nato\u013eko <strong>roz\u010d\u00falen\u00fd excesmi \u0161panielskej inkviz\u00edcie<\/strong>, \u017ee vydal \u010fal\u0161iu p\u00e1pe\u017esk\u00fa bulu.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u00edsal, \u017ee inkviz\u00edcia v \u0160panielsku bola zap\u00e1len\u00e1 <strong>nie len horlivos\u0165ou za vieru a sp\u00e1su du\u0161\u00ed, ale najm\u00e4 t\u00fa\u017ebou po bohatstve<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Uviedol tie\u017e, \u017ee mnoh\u00ed poctiv\u00ed kres\u0165ania mali nepr\u00e1vom obrovsk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s inkviz\u00edciou, a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom v ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kr\u00e1\u013e Ferdinand sa po p\u00e1pe\u017eov\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch nahneval<\/strong> a nap\u00edsal mu, aby ho \u010falej nerie\u0161il a nechal inkviz\u00edciu v ruk\u00e1ch \u0161panielskych panovn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e1pe\u017e Sixtus ust\u00fapil a<strong> pozastavil platnos\u0165 p\u00e1pe\u017eskej buly<\/strong> z roku 1482.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 1483 boli <strong>\u017didia vyhnan\u00ed zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch andal\u00fazskych oblast\u00ed<\/strong> \u0160panielska.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e1pe\u017e chcel op\u00e4\u0165 zakro\u010di\u0165 proti zneu\u017e\u00edvaniu zo strany \u0161panielskej inkviz\u00edcie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kr\u00e1\u013e Ferdinand op\u00e4\u0165 pohrozil p\u00e1pe\u017eovi vyhl\u00e1sen\u00edm<\/strong>, \u017ee oddel\u00ed inkviz\u00edciu od autority r\u00edmskokatol\u00edckej cirkvi.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e1pe\u017e Sixtus sa podvolil a v okt\u00f3bri 1483 bol Tom\u00e1s de Torquemada vymenovan\u00fd za ve\u013ek\u00e9ho inkviz\u00edtora \u0161panielskej inkviz\u00edcie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Ferdinand II. Aragonsk\u00fd. Zdroj: europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com\n<h3>\u0160panielska inkviz\u00edcia trestala \u010darodejn\u00edctvo ove\u013ea menej ako v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z menej zn\u00e1mych faktov o \u0161panielskej inkviz\u00edcii je, \u017ee v \u0160panielsku bolo po\u010das inkviz\u00edcie <strong>s\u00faden\u00fdch za \u010darodejn\u00edctvo menej \u013eud\u00ed, ako v in\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch<\/strong> v tom \u010dase.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160panielska inkviz\u00edcia kl\u00e1dla ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed d\u00f4raz na zlo\u010din kac\u00edrstva.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nemecko malo najvy\u0161\u0161iu mieru popr\u00e1v \u010darodejn\u00edc<\/strong>, zatia\u013e \u010do Franc\u00fazsko, \u0160k\u00f3tsko a Po\u013esko-litovsk\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo malo tie\u017e vysok\u00fa mieru popr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n<p>Na rozdiel od v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho presved\u010denia mala \u0161panielska inkviz\u00edcia obmedzen\u00fa pr\u00e1vomoc v pr\u00edpadoch \u010darodejn\u00edctva.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu pr\u00edpadov \u010darodejn\u00edctva rie\u0161ili <strong>svetsk\u00e9 \u00farady<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V rokoch 1609 a\u017e 1614 bolo v baskickom regi\u00f3ne \u0160panielska<strong> obvinen\u00fdch z \u010darodejn\u00edctva a\u017e 7000 \u013eud\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Asi 2000 bolo vy\u0161etrovan\u00fdch a mu\u010den\u00fdch, ale len<strong> 11 bolo popraven\u00fdch. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z t\u00fdchto 11 bolo \u0161es\u0165 up\u00e1len\u00fdch na hranici a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch p\u00e4\u0165 umu\u010den\u00fdch na smr\u0165 vo v\u00e4zen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Na porovnanie, v <strong>Salemsk\u00fdch \u010darodejn\u00edckych procesoch v 17. storo\u010d\u00ed v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch, bolo vy\u0161etrovan\u00fdch za \u010darodejn\u00edctvo pribli\u017ene 200 \u013eud\u00ed a zomrelo 24<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Obvinen\u00e1 \u010darodejnica na s\u00fade po\u010das Salemsk\u00fdch procesov. Zdroj: witchcraft.historynet.com\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Bud\u00faci katol\u00edcky sv\u00e4tec a arcibiskup bol obvinen\u00fd z her\u00e9zy<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Predt\u00fdm, ako bol<strong> sv\u00e4t\u00fd Ign\u00e1c z Loyoly<\/strong> v roku 1537 vysv\u00e4ten\u00fd za k\u0148aza, bol \u0161panielskou<strong> inkviz\u00edciou upodozrievan\u00fd z her\u00e9zy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ign\u00e1c pre\u0161iel za\u010diatkom 20. rokov 16. storo\u010dia n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou konverziou.<\/p>\n<p>Potom \u017eil asketick\u00fdm \u017eivotom a <strong>chodil na p\u00fate, okrem in\u00e9ho, aj do Sv\u00e4tej zeme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ign\u00e1c si z\u00edskal nasledovn\u00edkov, ale <strong>cirkvevn\u00ed hodnost\u00e1ri mu ned\u00f4verovali<\/strong>, preto\u017ee bol nevysv\u00e4tenou osobou, ktor\u00e1 povzbudzovala ostatn\u00fdch, aby prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eali o svojich duchovn\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitkoch.<\/p>\n<p>Bol zatknut\u00fd \u0161panielskou inkviz\u00edciou v Alcale, <strong>uv\u00e4znen\u00fd, s\u00faden\u00fd a uznan\u00fd za nevinn\u00e9ho<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sledne odi\u0161iel z Alcaly do mesta Salamanca, kde bol op\u00e4\u0165 zatknut\u00fd, uv\u00e4znen\u00fd, s\u00faden\u00fd a uznan\u00fd nevinn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>Po druhom oslobodzuj\u00facom rozsudku odi\u0161iel so svojimi spolo\u010dn\u00edkmi zo \u0160panielska \u0161tudova\u0165 do Par\u00ed\u017ea.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u201eNeprirodzen\u00e9 man\u017eelstvo\u201c bolo zlo\u010dinom<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Katol\u00edcka cirkev aj \u0160panielsko, zd\u00f4raz\u0148ovali reproduk\u010dn\u00fd charakter man\u017eelstva, a neprirodzen\u00e9 man\u017eelstvo bolo zlo\u010dinom.<\/p>\n<p>Neprirodzen\u00e9 man\u017eelstvo bolo man\u017eelstvo alebo pokus o <strong>man\u017eelstvo, medzi dvoma \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00ed nemohli splodi\u0165 potomstvo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ak mu\u017e nemohol ma\u0165 deti kv\u00f4li genetick\u00e9mu alebo zdravotn\u00e9mu stavu, mal<strong> po\u0161koden\u00e9 pohlavn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny v d\u00f4sledku proced\u00fary, ako je kastr\u00e1cia, alebo bol zranen\u00fd vo vojne, nemohol sa v \u0160panielsku o\u017eeni\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Man\u017eelstvo mohlo by\u0165 vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 za neprirodzen\u00e9 <strong>aj kv\u00f4li partnerke, aj ke\u010f sa to dokazovalo \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Detail z litografie z 19. storo\u010dia \u201eMu\u010denie Isabel Rodriguezovej\u201c. Litografia sa p\u00f4vodne objavila v \u201eEl Libro Rojo\u201c od Vicenta Riva Palacia (1870). Zdroj: news.berkeley.edu\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160panielska inkviz\u00edcia sa neobmedzovala len na \u0160panielsko<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0160panielska inkviz\u00edcia sa neobmedzovala len na \u0160panielsko. P\u00f4sobila v <strong>celej \u0161panielskej \u010dasti Ameriky, a dokonca a\u017e na Filip\u00ednach<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V Amerike boli vytvoren\u00e9 dva auton\u00f3mne \u0161panielske inkvizi\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00fady &#8211; v Mexico City a Lime v Peru.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00fad v Mexico City<\/strong> mal jurisdikciu na \u00fazem\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148alo<strong> Nov\u00e9 Mexiko, Panamu a Filip\u00edny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Limsk\u00e1 jurisdikcia<\/strong> pokr\u00fdvala cel\u00fa \u0161panielsku Ju\u017en\u00fa Ameriku a\u017e do roku 1610, kedy bol v<strong> Cartagene zriaden\u00fd tret\u00ed s\u00fad, ktor\u00fd mal dohliada\u0165 na Nov\u00fa Granadu (pribli\u017ene s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa Kolumbiu a Venezuelu) a Karibsk\u00e9 ostrovy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Protestanti boli tie\u017e obe\u0165ami inkviz\u00edcie v Novom svete, viac ako v \u0160panielsku, hoci trestn\u00e9 st\u00edhanie zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch protestantov v polovici 17. storo\u010dia kleslo.<\/p>\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do jurisdikcia nad cudzolo\u017estvom, smilstvom a sodomiou (\u010do v tom \u010dase znamenalo ak\u00fako\u013evek sexu\u00e1lnu aktivitu, ktor\u00e1 neviedla k plodeniu) mala le\u017ea\u0165 na civiln\u00fdch autorit\u00e1ch, Sv\u00e4t\u00e9 of\u00edcium sa \u010doraz viac anga\u017eovalo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Obe\u0165ami inkviz\u00edcie sa stali aj domorod\u00ed obyvatelia<\/strong> Ameriky, hoci \u010dasto dostali miernej\u0161ie tresty ako eur\u00f3pski pris\u0165ahovalci.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po\u010das tri a pol storo\u010dia trvaj\u00facej \u0161panielskej inkviz\u00edcie do\u0161lo k viacer\u00fdm prekvapiv\u00fdm, dokonca a\u017e \u0161okuj\u00facim udalostiam. Zlo\u010diny, za ktor\u00e9 boli \u013eudia potrestan\u00ed po\u010das \u0161panielskej inkviz\u00edcie,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8126\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}