{"id":8138,"date":"2023-01-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ako-funguju-spomienky\/"},"modified":"2023-01-31T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T23:00:00","slug":"ako-funguju-spomienky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ako-funguju-spomienky\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako funguj\u00fa spomienky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V minulosti mnoh\u00ed odborn\u00edci opisovali pam\u00e4\u0165 ako mal\u00fd arch\u00edv pln\u00fd jednotliv\u00fdch pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov, v ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. Nesk\u00f4r sa pam\u00e4\u0165 prirovn\u00e1vala k nervov\u00e9mu superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010du pod poko\u017ekou hlavy. Dnes sa v\u0161ak odborn\u00edci domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee pam\u00e4\u0165 je ove\u013ea <strong>komplikovanej\u0161ia a \u017ee ide o proces prebiehaj\u00faci v celom mozgu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161a pam\u00e4\u0165 je zak\u00f3dovan\u00e1 a ulo\u017een\u00e1 pomocou<strong> elektriny a chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok<\/strong>. Nervov\u00e9 bunky sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s in\u00fdmi bunkami v bode naz\u00fdvanom synapsia. Ako sa u\u010d\u00edme a spozn\u00e1vate svet, doch\u00e1dza k zmen\u00e1m na na\u0161ich synapsi\u00e1ch a dendritoch, V mozgu sa <strong>vytv\u00e1ra viac spojen\u00ed<\/strong>. Mozog sa <strong>organizuje a reorganizuje v reakcii na na\u0161e sk\u00fasenosti.<\/strong> Vytv\u00e1ra\u00a0<strong> spomienky vyvolan\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinkami vonkaj\u0161\u00edch vstupov podnieten\u00fdch sk\u00fasenos\u0165ami, vzdelan\u00edm alebo tr\u00e9ningom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Synapsia je miesto styku medzi neur\u00f3nmi alebo medzi neur\u00f3nmi a in\u00fdmi bunkami. Sl\u00fa\u017ei na prenos vzruchov z bunky do bunky.\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Kto rozhodne o tom, \u010do si zapam\u00e4t\u00e1me?<\/h3>\n<p>Vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee <strong>hipokampus<\/strong> spolu s \u010das\u0165ou mozgu naz\u00fdvanou <strong>front\u00e1lna k\u00f4ra<\/strong> s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00ed za <strong>anal\u00fdzu r\u00f4znych zmyslov\u00fdch podnetov a rozhodovanie o tom, \u010di si ich stoj\u00ed zapam\u00e4ta\u0165<\/strong>. Ak chceme spr\u00e1vne zak\u00f3dova\u0165 spomienku do jazyku elektriny a chemick\u00fd reakcii, mus\u00edme sa s\u00fastredi\u0165. Ke\u010f\u017ee nem\u00f4\u017eeme neust\u00e1le venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00e9mu, <strong>v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu toho, s \u010d\u00edm sa denne stret\u00e1vame, jednoducho odfiltrujeme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Akon\u00e1hle si inform\u00e1ciu zapam\u00e4t\u00e1me, t\u00e1to inform\u00e1cia mus\u00ed by\u0165 ulo\u017een\u00e1. Mnoh\u00ed odborn\u00edci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee existuj\u00fa tri sp\u00f4soby ulo\u017eenia inform\u00e1cii v na\u0161ej pam\u00e4ti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zmyslov\u00e1 f\u00e1za,<\/li>\n<li>kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165,<\/li>\n<li>dlhodob\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee nie je potrebn\u00e9, aby sme v na\u0161om mozgu v\u0161etko uchov\u00e1vali, <strong>jednotliv\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1 \u013eudskej pam\u00e4te funguj\u00fa ako ak\u00fdsi filter, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1s pom\u00e1ha chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred z\u00e1plavou inform\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/strong>, s ktor\u00fdmi sme denne konfrontovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Ak\u00fd je \u00fa\u010del na\u0161ej pam\u00e4te?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Spomienky a sk\u00fasenosti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v na\u0161om mozgu, maj\u00fa za cie\u013e ovplyvni\u0165 bud\u00face konanie.<\/strong> Ak by sa u\u017e uskuto\u010dnen\u00e9 \u010diny neukladali a nemohli by sa vybavi\u0165, <strong>nebolo by mo\u017en\u00e9 sa nie\u010do u\u010di\u0165<\/strong>. Nemohli by sa rozv\u00edja\u0165 jazykov\u00e9 schopnosti, vz\u0165ahy ani osobn\u00e1 identita.<\/p>\n<p>Funkciou em\u00f3ci\u00ed je <strong>posilni\u0165 na\u0161u pam\u00e4\u0165, aby sme si lep\u0161ie zapam\u00e4tali z\u00e1\u017eitky<\/strong>,<strong> ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre na\u0161e pre\u017eitie<\/strong>. Ak sa v\u00e1m zd\u00e1, \u017ee sa v\u00e1m vybavuj\u00fa n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 spomienky, pravdepodobne ste pri nich <strong>poci\u0165ovali nejak\u00fa siln\u00fa em\u00f3ciu<\/strong>, a preto vo v\u00e1s rezonuj\u00fa a \u013eah\u0161ie sa vybavuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Pam\u00e4\u0165 je nespo\u013eahliv\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>\u013dudsk\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 je notoricky nespo\u013eahliv\u00e1, najm\u00e4 pokia\u013e ide o detaily. Existuje nespo\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k <strong>drobn\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m alebo prikr\u00e1\u0161leniu<\/strong>, ke\u010f si spom\u00edname na minul\u00e9 udalosti. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed to od toho, \u010do <strong>pova\u017eujeme za pravdiv\u00e9 alebo \u010do by sme si priali, aby bolo pravdiv\u00e9, a\u017e po to, \u010do n\u00e1m o minulej udalosti povedal niekto in\u00fd alebo \u010do chceme, aby si myslel<\/strong>. A v\u017edy, ke\u010f sa tieto chyby vyskytn\u00fa, m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 dlhodob\u00fd vplyv na to, ako si dan\u00fa spomienku vybav\u00edme v bud\u00facnosti. <strong>Niekedy si napr\u00edklad mozog dop\u013a\u0148a vlastn\u00e9 detaily a po\u017ei\u010diava si ich z in\u00fdch spomienok, aby vytvoril dojem \u00fapln\u00e9ho obrazu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00f4\u017ee veda vysvetli\u0165 deja vu?<\/h3>\n<p>Pocit d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu si sp\u00e1jame so <strong>z\u00e1hadami a dokonca aj s paranorm\u00e1lnymi javmi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea vedcov je d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu <strong>pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fd jav<\/strong>. Vznik\u00e1 vtedy, ke\u010f sa stret\u00e1vame so situ\u00e1ciou, ktor\u00e1 je podobn\u00e1 skuto\u010dnej na\u0161ej spomienke, ale nedok\u00e1\u017eeme si ju \u00faplne vybavi\u0165. N\u00e1\u0161 mozog teda rozpozn\u00e1 podobnos\u0165 medzi na\u0161ou s\u00fa\u010dasnou sk\u00fasenos\u0165ou a sk\u00fasenos\u0165ou z minulosti. Av\u0161ak zostane n\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee dan\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu nevieme presne zaradi\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu v doslovnom preklade znamen\u00e1 <em>&#8222;u\u017e viden\u00e9&#8220;<\/em>. Je to pocit, \u017ee ste u\u017e nie\u010do videli, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 viete, \u017ee ste to vlastne e\u0161te nevideli, a preto mnoh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed tak zasko\u010d\u00ed.\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zdroje: HowStuffWorks, BrainGymmer, PsychologyToday, ScientificAmerican, VeryWellMind, HealthLine,<\/p>\n<p>Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 foto: Suzy Hazelwood, Pexels<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V minulosti mnoh\u00ed odborn\u00edci opisovali pam\u00e4\u0165 ako mal\u00fd arch\u00edv pln\u00fd jednotliv\u00fdch pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov, v ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. Nesk\u00f4r sa pam\u00e4\u0165 prirovn\u00e1vala k nervov\u00e9mu superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010du<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8138"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8138\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}