Ne\u017eiv\u00fd predmet, ktor\u00fd simuluje \u013eudsk\u00fd org\u00e1n znie ako hudba bud\u00facnosti. Pod\u013ea pokroku vedcov je v\u0161ak t\u00e1to \u201eskuto\u010dnos\u0165 na \u010dipe\u201c bli\u017e\u0161ie, ne\u017e si mysl\u00edme.<\/p>\n
Farmaceutick\u00fd priemysel patr\u00ed k\u00a0jedn\u00e9mu z\u00a0najvy\u0165a\u017eenej\u0161\u00edch odvetv\u00ed, ke\u010f\u017ee uvedenie nov\u00e9ho lieku na trh stoj\u00ed miliardy dol\u00e1rov a m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 aj desa\u0165ro\u010die. Tieto vysok\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 a \u010dasov\u00e9 invest\u00edcie v\u00fdrazne prispievaj\u00fa k dne\u0161n\u00fdm raketovo rast\u00facim n\u00e1kladom na zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165.<\/p>\n
Predklinick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 z\u00a0v\u00fdsledkov tetovania bunkov\u00fdch kult\u00far a\u00a0zvierat. Obe nane\u0161\u0165astie limituje slab\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 napodob\u0148ova\u0165 podmienky \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela. Bunkov\u00e9 kult\u00fary v Petriho miske nedok\u00e1\u017eu replikova\u0165 v\u0161etky funkcie tkaniva, \u00a0ako napr\u00edklad interakciu buniek v tele alebo dynamiku \u017eiv\u00fdch org\u00e1nov. \u010co je najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161ie, zvierat\u00e1 nie s\u00fa \u013eudia \u2013 aj pri mal\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch rozdieloch vznikaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho merania.<\/p>\n
Menej ne\u017e osem percent vydaren\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed lie\u010dby rakoviny na zvierat\u00e1ch sa dostane do klinick\u00fdch sk\u00fa\u0161ok na \u013eu\u010foch. Ke\u010f\u017ee zvieracie modely \u010dasto nedok\u00e1\u017eu predpoveda\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinky liekov na \u013eu\u010foch, tieto zlyhania\u00a0by v neskor\u0161om \u0161t\u00e1diu mohli v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 n\u00e1klady \u010di zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 pacienta.<\/p>\n
Na vyrie\u0161enie tohto probl\u00e9mu v\u00fdskumn\u00edci vyvinuli s\u013eubn\u00fd model imituj\u00faci \u013eudsk\u00e9 telo \u2013 org\u00e1n na \u010dipe. Nielen\u017ee org\u00e1ny na \u010dipoch napodob\u0148uj\u00fa prietok krvi v tele, tieto platformy maj\u00fa mikrokomory. Tie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom integrova\u0165 viacero typov buniek. V\u010faka tomu dok\u00e1\u017eu napodobni\u0165 r\u00f4zne typy buniek, ktor\u00e9 sa be\u017ene vyskytuj\u00fa v org\u00e1ne. Pr\u00fad tekutiny sp\u00e1ja tieto bunky, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom \u0161tudova\u0165, ako sa medzi sebou spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n
Napr\u00edklad model p\u013e\u00fac na \u010dipe je schopn\u00fd prepoji\u0165 mechanick\u00e9 aj fyzick\u00e9 vlastnosti \u017eiv\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch p\u013e\u00fac. Kop\u00edruje rozp\u00ednavos\u0165 \u010di v\u00fddych p\u013e\u00fac a\u00a0simuluje prepojenie medzi p\u013e\u00facami a vzduchom. Schopnos\u0165 replikova\u0165 tieto vlastnosti umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom lep\u0161ie \u0161tudova\u0165 po\u0161kodenie p\u013e\u00fac sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 r\u00f4znymi \u00farazmi.<\/p>\n
Zatia\u013e \u010do p\u013e\u00faca na \u010dipe pos\u00favaj\u00fa hranice ran\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1dia farmaceutick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu, t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia nie je pr\u00edli\u0161 zapojen\u00e1 do v\u00fdvoja liekov. Hlavnou prek\u00e1\u017ekou v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho prijatia tak\u00fdchto \u010dipov je ich vysok\u00e1 zlo\u017eitos\u0165 a n\u00edzka praktickos\u0165.<\/p>\n
S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 modely org\u00e1nov na \u010dipe s\u00fa pre be\u017en\u00e9ho vedca \u0165a\u017eko pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina modelov je na jedno pou\u017eitie a umo\u017e\u0148uje len jeden vstup. Preto sa obmedzuje to, \u010do m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdskumn\u00edci v danom \u010dase \u0161tudova\u0165. Navy\u0161e je ich v\u00fdroba n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 a \u010dasovo aj pracovne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Koniec koncov, na zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov v\u00fdskumn\u00edci \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa najmenej zlo\u017eit\u00e9 modely dostupn\u00e9 pre predklinick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie.<\/p>\n
Zn\u00ed\u017eenie technickej anga\u017eovanosti pri v\u00fdrobe a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed org\u00e1nov na \u010dipoch je rozhoduj\u00face, aby cel\u00e1 v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 komunita mohla naplno vyu\u017ei\u0165 ich v\u00fdhody. To si v\u0161ak nevyhnutne nevy\u017eaduje zjednodu\u0161enie modelov. Popul\u00e1rne s\u00fa napr\u00edklad tkanivov\u00e9 \u010dipy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 a modul\u00e1rne, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom \u013eahko zostavi\u0165 predpripraven\u00e9 diely, aby mohli vykon\u00e1va\u0165 svoje experimenty.<\/p>\n Od testovania na zvierat\u00e1ch upustili desiatky firiem. V medic\u00edne je v\u0161ak tento postup ve\u013eakr\u00e1t nevyhnutn\u00fd, zmen\u00ed sa to niekedy? zdroj: pixabay.com\n
N\u00e1stup 3D tla\u010de tie\u017e v\u00fdrazne u\u013eah\u010dil v\u00fdvoj technologick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, \u010do v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom umo\u017enilo priamo vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 cel\u00e9 modely tkan\u00edv a org\u00e1nov na \u010dipoch. 3D tla\u010d je ide\u00e1lna na r\u00fdchle prototypovanie a zdie\u013eanie dizajnu medzi pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi. Navy\u0161e u\u013eah\u010duje hromadn\u00fa v\u00fdrobu \u0161tandardizovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n
Org\u00e1ny na \u010dipoch maj\u00fa nepochybne potenci\u00e1l predstavi\u0165 prelomov\u00e9 objavy vo v\u00fdskume liekov a umo\u017eni\u0165 v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165, ako org\u00e1ny funguj\u00fa v zdrav\u00ed a chorobe. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie dostupnosti tejto technol\u00f3gie by mohlo pom\u00f4c\u0165 vy\u0148a\u0165 model z v\u00fdvoja v laborat\u00f3riu a umo\u017eni\u0165 mu, aby sa presadil v biomedic\u00ednskom priemysle.<\/p>\n
Zdroj: www.bigthink.com<\/strong><\/p>\n Zdroj titulnej fotografie: www.unsplash.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ne\u017eiv\u00fd predmet, ktor\u00fd simuluje \u013eudsk\u00fd org\u00e1n znie ako hudba bud\u00facnosti. Pod\u013ea pokroku vedcov je v\u0161ak t\u00e1to \u201eskuto\u010dnos\u0165 na \u010dipe\u201c bli\u017e\u0161ie, ne\u017e si mysl\u00edme. N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8152"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8152\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}