{"id":8167,"date":"2023-02-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-12T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/zavislost-na-opioidoch-je-castejsia-ako-si-myslite-a-to-najma-vo-forme-liekov-na-predpis\/"},"modified":"2023-02-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-02-12T23:00:00","slug":"zavislost-na-opioidoch-je-castejsia-ako-si-myslite-a-to-najma-vo-forme-liekov-na-predpis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/zavislost-na-opioidoch-je-castejsia-ako-si-myslite-a-to-najma-vo-forme-liekov-na-predpis\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1vislos\u0165 na opioidoch je \u010dastej\u0161ia ako si mysl\u00edte &#8211; a to najm\u00e4 vo forme liekov na predpis!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>U\u017e\u00edvanie opi\u00e1tov a z\u00e1vislos\u0165 na nich vyvol\u00e1va rast\u00face obavy<\/strong> \u2013 nato\u013eko, \u017ee <strong>term\u00edn opi\u00e1tov\u00e1 kr\u00edza<\/strong> bol vytvoren\u00fd na opis rast\u00facich trendov u\u017e pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi.<\/p>\n<p>\u010co to v\u0161ak je a ktor\u00e9 opi\u00e1ty s\u00fa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co s\u00fa to opioidy a opi\u00e1ty?<\/h3>\n<p>Opioidy s\u00fa<strong> skupina psychoakt\u00edvnych l\u00e1tok<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa v centr\u00e1lnej nervovej s\u00fastave via\u017eu na opi\u00e1tov\u00e9 receptory.<\/p>\n<p>Prostredn\u00edctvom procesu viazania l\u00e1tky menia to, ako v\u00e1\u0161 mozog a telo reaguj\u00fa na r\u00f4zne podnety, \u010d\u00edm<strong> menia sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm pre\u017e\u00edvate a zvl\u00e1date boles\u0165 alebo stres<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>To sp\u00f4sobuje euf\u00f3riu, ale tento proces m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017ee to <strong>ovplyvni\u0165 va\u0161u n\u00e1ladu, schopnos\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161ho tela regulova\u0165 teplotu a dokonca aj va\u0161u kapacitu d\u00fdchania<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Molekuly opi\u00e1tov poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z rastliny maku \u00f3piov\u00e9ho. Zdroj: aahealth.org\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Rozdiel medzi opi\u00e1tmi a opioidmi<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00fd rozdiel je v tom, <strong>ako sa opi\u00e1ty a opioidy vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Opi\u00e1ty<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Opi\u00e1ty s\u00fa chemick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, ktor\u00e9 sa extrahuj\u00fa alebo rafinuj\u00fa <strong>z pr\u00edrodnej rastlinnej hmoty &#8211; makov\u00e1 \u0161\u0165ava a vl\u00e1kna. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edklady opi\u00e1tov:\u00a0<strong>\u00f3pium, morf\u00edn,\u00a0kode\u00edn, hero\u00edn.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Opioidy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Opioidy s\u00fa chemick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, ktor\u00e9 vo v\u0161eobecnosti<strong> nepoch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z pr\u00edrodnej rastlinnej hmoty. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina opioidov je vyroben\u00e1 v <strong>laborat\u00f3riu alebo syntetizovan\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hoci nieko\u013eko molek\u00fal opioidov mo\u017eno \u010diasto\u010dne syntetizova\u0165 z chemick\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek \u00f3pia, in\u00e9 popul\u00e1rne opioidn\u00e9 molekuly s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 a vyroben\u00e9 v laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Farmaceutick\u00fd priemysel vytvoril viac ako 500 r\u00f4znych molek\u00fal opioidov<\/strong>. Niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v medic\u00edne, niektor\u00e9 nie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Opioidy s\u00fa vysoko n\u00e1vykov\u00e9 z viacer\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z najsilnej\u0161\u00edch stimulov je, \u017ee <strong>euforick\u00e9 vzru\u0161enie je tak\u00e9 pr\u00edjemn\u00e9 a siln\u00e9, \u017ee \u013eudia \u010doskoro poc\u00edtia nutkanie za\u017ei\u0165 ho znova<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm viac drogy u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, t\u00fdm \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie je dosta\u0165 sa na t\u00fato \u00farove\u0148, tak\u017ee si d\u00e1vaj\u00fa st\u00e1le v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo opi\u00e1tov.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4vodom, pre\u010do s\u00fa tak n\u00e1vykov\u00e9, je to, \u017ee<strong> fyzick\u00e9 zmeny, ktor\u00e9 v tele vykonaj\u00fa, sa po chv\u00edli stan\u00fa status quo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ak droga nie je v tele u\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea, jeho telo reaguje, akoby nie\u010do nebolo v poriadku, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k <strong>nepr\u00edjemn\u00fdm alebo dokonca nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm abstinen\u010dn\u00fdm pr\u00edznakom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 opioidy<\/h3>\n<p>Opioidy s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 v r\u00f4znych form\u00e1ch, od<strong> neleg\u00e1lnych pouli\u010dn\u00fdch drog, a\u017e po lieky na predpis. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tu s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z najviac zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch foriem t\u00fdchto drog.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Morf\u00edn<\/h3>\n<p>Morf\u00edn je liek proti bolesti.<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edva v medic\u00edne na <strong>t\u00ed\u0161enie silnej bolesti, je to liek so silno n\u00e1vykov\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa morf\u00edn pou\u017e\u00edva vo farmakologick\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, je <strong>pr\u00edsne regulovan\u00fd a d\u00f4kladne monitorovan\u00fd<\/strong>, aby sa zn\u00ed\u017eilo riziko, \u017ee sa niekto stane z\u00e1visl\u00fdm, aj ke\u010f sa to st\u00e1le m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Hero\u00edn<\/h3>\n<p>Hero\u00edn je opioid, ktor\u00fd je<strong> zalo\u017een\u00fd na pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to pouli\u010dn\u00e1 droga je v skuto\u010dnosti formou spracovan\u00e9ho morfia.<\/p>\n<p>Zvy\u010dajne m\u00e1 formu hned\u00e9ho alebo bieleho <strong>pr\u00e1\u0161ku, ktor\u00fd mo\u017eno \u0161nupa\u0165, faj\u010di\u0165 alebo vstrekova\u0165. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hero\u00edn je s\u00e1m o sebe ve\u013emi n\u00e1vykov\u00fd a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, no to, \u017ee ho \u013eudia mie\u0161aj\u00fa s in\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, z neho rob\u00ed e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed hazard.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n Hero\u00edn je biely alebo hned\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ok, alebo \u010dierna lepkav\u00e1 hmota. Zdroj: medlineplus.gov\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Fentanyl<\/h3>\n<p>Fentanyl je syntetick\u00fd opi\u00e1t, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je<strong> vyroben\u00fd \u010dlovekom.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fentanyl sa <strong>p\u00f4vodne pou\u017e\u00edval ako anestetikum. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Potom si lek\u00e1ri uvedomili, ak\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd je pri zmier\u0148ovan\u00ed bolesti v mal\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch, a za\u010dali ho na tento \u00fa\u010del pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 jeho verzie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 <strong>a\u017e 100-kr\u00e1t \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie pri lie\u010dbe bolesti ako morf\u00edn.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Droga je v\u0161ak tie\u017e<strong> extr\u00e9mne n\u00e1vykov\u00e1 a jej u\u017e\u00edvanie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 mimoriadne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fentanyl je syntetick\u00fd bratranec hero\u00ednu a patr\u00ed medzi <strong>najhor\u0161\u00edch p\u00e1chate\u013eov v brand\u017ei opioidov.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>OxyContin<\/h3>\n<p>Toto je obchodn\u00fd n\u00e1zov pre generick\u00fd liek zn\u00e1my ako oxykod\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Je to liek proti bolesti na b\u00e1ze opi\u00e1tov, ktor\u00fd sa <strong>predpisuje pomerne \u010dasto a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 n\u00e1vykov\u00fd. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rovnako ako ostatn\u00e9 drogy na tomto zozname je to kontrolovan\u00e1 l\u00e1tka.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>D\u00e1vajte si pozor<\/h3>\n<p>Ke\u010f v priebehu \u010dasu <strong>opakovane u\u017e\u00edvate opioidy, va\u0161e telo spomal\u00ed produkciu endorf\u00ednov. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rovnak\u00e1 d\u00e1vka opioidov prest\u00e1va sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 tak\u00fa siln\u00fa z\u00e1plavu dobr\u00fdch pocitov. Tomu sa hovor\u00ed tolerancia.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do je z\u00e1vislos\u0165 na opioidoch tak\u00e1 be\u017en\u00e1, je, \u017ee \u013eudia, u ktor\u00fdch sa<strong> vyvinie tolerancia, sa m\u00f4\u017eu c\u00edti\u0165 n\u00faten\u00ed zvy\u0161ova\u0165 svoje d\u00e1vky<\/strong>, aby sa mohli c\u00edti\u0165 dobre.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee lek\u00e1ri si dnes ve\u013emi dobre uvedomuj\u00fa rizik\u00e1 opioidov, je \u010dasto<strong> \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 prin\u00fati\u0165 lek\u00e1ra, aby v\u00e1m zv\u00fd\u0161il d\u00e1vku alebo dokonca obnovil v\u00e1\u0161 predpis. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvatelia opi\u00e1tov, ktor\u00ed sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee potrebuj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa d\u00e1vku, sa v tomto bode obracaj\u00fa na neleg\u00e1lne z\u00edskan\u00e9 opi\u00e1ty alebo hero\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 neleg\u00e1lne z\u00edskan\u00e9 drogy, ako napr\u00edklad <strong>fentanyl, s\u00fa zmixovan\u00e9 s ove\u013ea silnej\u0161\u00edmi opioidmi. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Po\u017eiadajte o pomoc svojho lek\u00e1ra<\/h3>\n<p>Ak u\u017e\u00edvate opioidy a<strong> vyvinula sa u v\u00e1s tolerancia, po\u017eiadajte o pomoc svojho lek\u00e1ra. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Existuj\u00fa aj in\u00e9, bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu urobi\u0165 zmenu a na\u010falej sa c\u00edti\u0165 dobre.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neprest\u00e1vajte ale u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 opioidn\u00e9 lieky bez pomoci lek\u00e1ra. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1hle vysadenie t\u00fdchto liekov m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky<\/strong>, vr\u00e1tane bolesti, ktor\u00e1 je hor\u0161ia ako pred za\u010dat\u00edm u\u017e\u00edvania opioidov.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e1\u0161 lek\u00e1r v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 pomaly a bezpe\u010dne vysadi\u0165 opioidy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>U\u017e\u00edvanie opi\u00e1tov a z\u00e1vislos\u0165 na nich vyvol\u00e1va rast\u00face obavy \u2013 nato\u013eko, \u017ee term\u00edn opi\u00e1tov\u00e1 kr\u00edza bol vytvoren\u00fd na opis rast\u00facich trendov u\u017e pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8167"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8167\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}