{"id":8233,"date":"2023-03-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/hormonalna-antikoncepcia\/"},"modified":"2023-03-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T23:00:00","slug":"hormonalna-antikoncepcia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/hormonalna-antikoncepcia\/","title":{"rendered":"Hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia patr\u00ed na\u010falej ku kontroverzn\u00fdm t\u00e9mam. Slovensk\u00e9 \u017eeny maj\u00fa z jej u\u017e\u00edvania obavy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia patr\u00ed v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti <strong>k<\/strong> <strong>najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm antikoncep\u010dn\u00fdm met\u00f3dam.<\/strong> S\u00edce je jej popularita vysok\u00e1, aj cez to sa sp\u00e1ja s r\u00f4znymi zdravotn\u00fdmi rizikami.<\/p>\n<p>Ako p\u00ed\u0161e N\u00e1rodn\u00fd port\u00e1l zdravia,<strong> jej po\u010diatky siahaj\u00fa od 60. rokov 20. storo\u010dia.<\/strong> Schv\u00e1lil ju Americk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1tny \u00farad pre potraviny a lieky v auguste 1960, pri\u010dom i\u0161lo o kombin\u00e1ciu syntetick\u00e9ho gestag\u00e9nu a estrog\u00e9nu. Odvtedy sa jej v\u00fdvoj v\u00fdrazne posunul a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 v lek\u00e1r\u0148ach jej r\u00f4zne formy.<\/p>\n<p>Na Slovensku ide v\u0161ak st\u00e1le o kontroverzn\u00fa t\u00e9mu. <strong>Na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed ju u\u017e\u00edva len 10,3 % \u017eien,<\/strong> uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Teraz.sk. V porovnan\u00ed so \u017eenami z vyspel\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, ako je Nemecko alebo \u0160vaj\u010diarsko, ide o v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed po\u010det. Dokonca aj\u00a0s \u010ceskou republikou m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 razantn\u00fd rozdiel. Na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska ju u\u017e\u00edva v reproduk\u010dnom veku pribli\u017ene 60 a\u017e 80 % \u017eien.<\/p>\n<h3>Strach z u\u017e\u00edvania antikoncepcie<\/h3>\n<p>V porovnan\u00ed so s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165ou, <strong>po revol\u00facii nastal na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd n\u00e1rast u\u017e\u00edvateliek hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie.<\/strong> Odborn\u00edci sa v r\u00e1mci eduka\u010dnej kampane zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee slovensk\u00e9 \u017eeny maj\u00fa z tejto formy antikoncepcie strach. M\u00f4\u017ee za to predov\u0161etk\u00fdm \u0161\u00edrenie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z neoveren\u00fdch zdrojov, ale aj ned\u00f4vera zna\u010dnej \u010dasti odbornej spolo\u010dnosti vo\u010di hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcii.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u201eZa poklesom u\u017e\u00edvania hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie stoj\u00ed vytv\u00e1ranie ak\u00e9hosi strachu z horm\u00f3nov v antikoncepcii verejnos\u0165ou, nespom\u00ednaj\u00fa sa jej pozit\u00edva a pr\u00ed\u010dinou m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj religi\u00f3zne d\u00f4vody. Finan\u010dn\u00e1 pomoc zo strany \u0161t\u00e1tu by bola ur\u010dite pr\u00ednosom, najm\u00e4 pre mlad\u00e9 \u017eeny. M\u00fdty, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto nie s\u00fa odborne podlo\u017een\u00e9, sa vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov \u0161\u00edria najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie,\u201c<\/em> <\/strong>vysvet\u013euje pre Teraz.sk docent Martin Radecha.<\/p>\n<p>Profesor Juraj Payer dod\u00e1va, \u017ee<strong> strach z jej u\u017e\u00edvania podporuj\u00fa aj lifestylov\u00e9 \u010dasopisy,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 ju sk\u00f4r nepodporuj\u00fa. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 kritizuj\u00fa v\u0161etky pr\u00edpady, pri ktor\u00fdch do\u0161lo k ne\u017eiad\u00facim \u00fa\u010dinkom alebo komplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/p>\n Pravideln\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvanie n\u00fadzovej antikoncepcie m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Zdroj: pexels.com\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u0161ak u\u017e nie je potrebn\u00e9 sa b\u00e1\u0165. Ako tvrd\u00ed docent Radecha, <strong>horm\u00f3ny v antikoncep\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edpravkoch s\u00fa svoj\u00edm chemick\u00fdm zlo\u017een\u00edm ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 \u017eensk\u00fdm horm\u00f3nom.<\/strong> Dokonca ich vz\u00e1jomn\u00fd pomer je v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch v\u00fdhodnej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v prirodzenom cykle. Na z\u00e1klade toho m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 pozit\u00edvny vplyv na zdravie.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem toho sa v jej ur\u010dit\u00fdch form\u00e1ch \u00faplne vynech\u00e1va estrog\u00e9n, <strong>ktor\u00fd sa sp\u00e1ja s jej ne\u017eiad\u00facimi \u00fa\u010dinkami.<\/strong> Pod\u013ea odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie, ale aj in\u00fdch odborn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eeme gestag\u00e9nov\u00fa antikoncepciu pova\u017eova\u0165 za ve\u013emi bezpe\u010dn\u00fa.<\/p>\n<h3>Ochrana pred rakovinou<\/h3>\n<p>S\u00edce je spolo\u010dnos\u0165 informovan\u00e1 najm\u00e4 o jej rizik\u00e1ch, aj cez to sa sp\u00e1ja s mnoh\u00fdmi pozit\u00edvami. N\u00e1rodn\u00fd port\u00e1l zdravia uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee jej u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eky maj\u00fa celkovo ni\u017e\u0161iu \u00famrtnos\u0165 ne\u017e \u017eeny, ktor\u00e9 ju neu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa. Okrem toho poskytuje ochranu pred niektor\u00fdmi druhmi rakoviny. Ide najm\u00e4 o rakovinu sliznice maternice, pri\u010dom<strong> jej riziko kles\u00e1 a\u017e o 20 % po\u010das jej ro\u010dn\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edvania.<\/strong> V pr\u00edpade \u0161tyroch rokoch ide dokonca o 50 %. Ochrann\u00fd vplyv z\u00e1rove\u0148 dlhodobo pretrv\u00e1va aj po jej vyseden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u201e\u010co sa t\u00fdka rakoviny prsn\u00edka, zatia\u013e neexistuje jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 stanovisko. Naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ou ochranou pred rakovinou prsn\u00edka je tehotenstvo a doj\u010denie,\u201c<\/em> <\/strong>tvrd\u00ed profesor Miroslav Borovsk\u00fd.<\/p>\n Na Slovensku je hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia st\u00e1le kontroverznou t\u00e9mou. Zdroj: pixabay.com\n<p>Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie pozit\u00edva patria aj <strong>zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika z\u00e1palu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov a vajcovodov,<\/strong> <strong>\u00faprava men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu \u010di zmiernenie v\u00fdskytu akn\u00e9.<\/strong> Netreba v\u0161ak zab\u00fada\u0165 ani na jej nev\u00fdhody, ktor\u00e9 vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 z antikoncepcie obsahuj\u00facej estrog\u00e9n. Prejavuj\u00fa sa ako nevo\u013enos\u0165, boles\u0165 hlavy, prsn\u00edkov \u010di kr\u00ed\u017eov, v\u00fdtok alebo mierne krv\u00e1canie po\u010das cyklu. Typick\u00fdm je aj prechodn\u00e9 zadr\u017eiavanie vody v tele, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 za n\u00e1sledok v\u00e1hov\u00fd pr\u00edrastok.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Po\u010das prv\u00e9ho roku ju prestane kv\u00f4li ne\u017eiad\u00facim \u00fa\u010dinkom u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 30 % nov\u00fdch u\u017e\u00edvateliek.<\/strong> Z\u00e1rove\u0148 10 a\u017e 30 % \u017eien prech\u00e1dza na jej in\u00fa formu. Existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak rizikov\u00e9 skupiny, ktor\u00e9 hormon\u00e1lnu antikoncepciu nem\u00f4\u017eu u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v\u00f4bec. Patria k n\u00edm \u017eeny s prekonanou tromb\u00f3zou alebo mozgovou pr\u00edhodou. V\u00fdnimku netvoria ani pacientky diagnostikovan\u00e9 s hormon\u00e1lne z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi n\u00e1dormi.<\/p>\n<h3>Nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 sexu\u00e1lna v\u00fdchova<\/h3>\n<p>Medzi dlhodob\u00e9 probl\u00e9my Slovenskej republiky patr\u00ed nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 sexu\u00e1lna v\u00fdchova. <strong>Mlad\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1 nedisponuj\u00fa s dostato\u010dn\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami o vhodnej forme antikoncepcie <\/strong>\u010di bezpe\u010dnom pohlavnom styku, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje nechcen\u00e9 tehotenstvo alebo in\u00e9 komplik\u00e1cie. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 im hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010denstvo zo z\u00edskavania inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z r\u00f4znych internetov\u00fdch diskusn\u00fdch f\u00f3r, nako\u013eko dan\u00e9 n\u00e1zory neprezentuj\u00fa odborn\u00edci.<\/p>\n<p>Ako uv\u00e1dza Teraz.sk, mnoh\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1 v pr\u00edpade nechr\u00e1nen\u00e9ho pohlavn\u00e9ho styku vyu\u017eij\u00fa rad\u0161ej n\u00fadzov\u00fa antikoncepciu, <strong>ktor\u00e1 sa d\u00e1 k\u00fapi\u0165 bez lek\u00e1rskeho predpisu.<\/strong> Pod\u013ea doktora Vladim\u00edra Cupan\u00edka ide o nie pr\u00edli\u0161 vhodn\u00fa formu antikoncepcie na pravideln\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvanie, nako\u013eko obsahuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu jednorazov\u00fa d\u00e1vku horm\u00f3nov. Pr\u00e1ve preto sl\u00fa\u017ei \u017een\u00e1m s ve\u013emi ojedinel\u00fdm alebo n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm pohlavn\u00fdm stykom. Za n\u00e1sledky jej pravideln\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edvania patr\u00ed dysbalans men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu.<\/p>\n Sexu\u00e1lna v\u00fdchova pre mladistv\u00fdch je na slovensk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch aj v 21. storo\u010d\u00ed tabu. Zdroj: pexels.com\n<p>Na z\u00e1klade toho by sme si mali bra\u0165 pr\u00edklad z Franc\u00fazska, v ktorom je od janu\u00e1ra minul\u00e9ho roka<strong> bezplatn\u00e1 antikoncepcia pre \u017eeny od 18 do 25 rokov,<\/strong> ako informuje port\u00e1l Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch lek\u00e1rov Slovenska. Ide o ve\u013ek\u00fd krok vpred, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010d\u00ed jej dostupnos\u0165 aj pre \u017eeny, ktor\u00e9 si ju z finan\u010dn\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska nem\u00f4\u017eu dovoli\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Dovtedy Franc\u00fazsko poskytovalo bezplatn\u00fa antikoncepciu len dospievaj\u00facim diev\u010dat\u00e1m mlad\u0161\u00edm ako 18 rokov. <strong>Rovnak\u00fd princ\u00edp funguje aj v in\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch,<\/strong> ku ktor\u00fdm patr\u00ed Belgicko, Holandsko, Nemecko alebo N\u00f3rsko.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia patr\u00ed v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti k najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm antikoncep\u010dn\u00fdm met\u00f3dam. S\u00edce je jej popularita vysok\u00e1, aj cez to sa sp\u00e1ja s r\u00f4znymi zdravotn\u00fdmi rizikami. Ako p\u00ed\u0161e<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8233"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8233\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}