{"id":8273,"date":"2023-04-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/haxan-dokumentarny-horor-ma-strasidelny-ucinok-aj-o-sto-rokov-neskor\/"},"modified":"2023-04-20T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T23:00:00","slug":"haxan-dokumentarny-horor-ma-strasidelny-ucinok-aj-o-sto-rokov-neskor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/haxan-dokumentarny-horor-ma-strasidelny-ucinok-aj-o-sto-rokov-neskor\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e4xan: Dokument\u00e1rny horor m\u00e1 stra\u0161ideln\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok aj o sto rokov nesk\u00f4r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Film H\u00e4xan vznikol pred viac ne\u017e sto rokmi a dodnes vyvol\u00e1va zimomriavky. Zasl\u00fa\u017ei si v\u0161ak aj viac uznania, ke\u010f\u017ee bol vzorom pre Projekt Blair Witch a mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch hororov, p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l BBC Culture.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e4xan (1922)<\/h3>\n<p>Na \u010dasovej osi hist\u00f3rie hororovej kinematografie je rok <strong>1922<\/strong> jeden z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch. V tomto roku nakr\u00fatil Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau neofici\u00e1lnu adapt\u00e1ciu rom\u00e1nu Dracula s n\u00e1zvom Nosferatu. V rovnakom \u010dase vznikol \u010fal\u0161\u00ed d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd, hoci v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti menej oslavovan\u00fd horor: <strong>H\u00e4xan &#8211; \u010carodejn\u00edctvo v r\u00f4znych dob\u00e1ch<\/strong> od d\u00e1nskeho re\u017eis\u00e9ra <strong>Benjamina Christensena<\/strong> vo <strong>\u0161v\u00e9dskej produkcii<\/strong> spolo\u010dnosti Svensk Filmindustri.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fdm Murnau definoval pr\u00edbehov\u00fd horor prostredn\u00edctvom siln\u00fdch vizu\u00e1lov nemeck\u00e9ho expresionizmu, Christensen <strong>inovoval formu<\/strong> tohto \u017e\u00e1nra, ke\u010f vytvoril jeden z najzvl\u00e1\u0161tnej\u0161\u00edch filmov cel\u00e9ho obdobia. Jeho <strong>stra\u0161ideln\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra, prenikav\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ly a experiment\u00e1cia<\/strong> obstoja aj v roku 2023.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e4xan je \u010diasto\u010dne <strong>dokument\u00e1rna esej<\/strong> a \u010diasto\u010dne <strong>hororov\u00e1 n\u00e1ladovka<\/strong>. Je to epiz\u00f3dny film, ktor\u00fd v siedmich kapitol\u00e1ch sk\u00fama <strong>spektrum t\u00e9m v hist\u00f3rii z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho okultizmu<\/strong>, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm sa zameriava na <strong>\u010darodejn\u00edctvo v stredoveku<\/strong>, na dejiny prenasledovania \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 obvinili z \u010darodejn\u00edctva. Nikto neop\u00edsal sn\u00edmku lep\u0161ie ako s\u00e1m re\u017eis\u00e9r: <em><strong>\u201eM\u00f4j film nem\u00e1 \u017eiadny plyn\u00faci pr\u00edbeh, \u017eiadny dej. Zrejme najlep\u0161ie sa d\u00e1 ozna\u010di\u0165 za dejepisn\u00fa lekciu v pohybliv\u00fdch obr\u00e1zkoch.\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>H\u00e4xan (1922). Zdroj:<\/strong> <strong>screenshot, YouTube<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Dokument ani docudrama<\/h3>\n<p>Film je vystavan\u00fd aj z kreat\u00edvneho \u010d\u00edtania z knihy <strong>Malleus Maleficarum<\/strong>, nemeckej pr\u00edru\u010dky pre lovcov \u010darodejn\u00edc z p\u00e4tn\u00e1steho storo\u010dia. K\u0148az Heinrich Krame v nej detailne op\u00edsal, ako si poradi\u0165 so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi formami diabolsk\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania. \u00davodn\u00e1 kapitola je pomerne priamo\u010diara lekcia s <strong>historick\u00fdm kontextom<\/strong>, zatia\u013e \u010do druh\u00e1 kapitola hravo zobrazuje niektor\u00e9 <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 praktiky \u010darodejn\u00edc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Christensen v\u0161ak nesk\u00f4r prid\u00e1va <strong>znepokojiv\u00e9 dramatizuj\u00face prvky<\/strong>. Sledujeme Mariu (Emmy Sch\u00f8nfeldov\u00e1), ktor\u00fa mu\u010dia, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa neprizn\u00e1 k najr\u00f4znej\u0161\u00edm <strong>okultistick\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m<\/strong> vr\u00e1tane toho, \u017ee \u010dak\u00e1 satanovo die\u0165a. Nakoniec ju up\u00e1lia na hranici. Po t\u00fdchto drsn\u00fdch obr\u00e1zkoch sa z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00e9 kapitoly zameriavaj\u00fa na <strong>modern\u00fd psychologick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l<\/strong> fenom\u00e9nu \u010darodejn\u00edctva a zaoberaj\u00fa sa ot\u00e1zkou, \u010di sama <strong>n\u00e1siln\u00e1 inkviz\u00edcia<\/strong> nebola zodpovedn\u00e1 za mnoh\u00e9 priznania.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e4xan v\u0161ak v \u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade nie je dokument ani docudrama. Christensen preukazuje svoje schopnosti na poli <strong>\u0161peci\u00e1lnych efektov<\/strong> a po esejistickom \u00favode sa sn\u00edmka m\u00f4\u017ee rovna\u0165 so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi horormi danej \u00e9ry. Vizu\u00e1ly patria k najstra\u0161idelnej\u0161\u00edm v nem\u00fdch filmoch, zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa okultistick\u00e9 praktiky <strong>od obcovania s diablami po detsk\u00fa obetu<\/strong>. <em><strong>\u201eFilm perfektne vyva\u017euje kr\u00e1sne a groteskn\u00e9, niektor\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny s\u00fa naozaj bizarn\u00e9,\u201d<\/strong><\/em> povedal umelec Andy Paciorek, zakladate\u013e projektu<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>Folk Horror Revival.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Plag\u00e1t k filmu.<\/strong> <strong>Zdroj:<\/strong> <strong>screenshot, YouTube<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Re\u017eis\u00e9r stv\u00e1rnil satana<\/h3>\n<p><em><strong>\u201eJe to \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161ny z\u00e1\u017eitok preoble\u010den\u00fd za erudovan\u00e9 tvrdenia. Ani n\u00e1hodou si nemysl\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00e1merom autora bolo nie\u010do in\u00e9, ako \u0161okova\u0165, ak nie vyvies\u0165 obecenstvo z prehnanej spokojnosti, \u010do dobr\u00e9 horory robia. Ve\u013ea sa hovor\u00ed o ,prekliatych filmoch naplnen\u00fdch zlom\u2019, ale pri tomto filme sa tomu d\u00e1 aj veri\u0165. Zrejme to bude autenticitou star\u0161ej doby,\u201d<\/strong> <\/em>dodal scen\u00e1rista hororov Stephen Volk. <strong>Patina, zrnitos\u0165 a star\u00e9 film\u00e1rske techniky<\/strong> prirodzene spolupracuj\u00fa a v\u00fdsledkom je jedno z <strong>najvernej\u0161\u00edch zobrazen\u00ed stredoveku<\/strong>, ak\u00e9 s\u00fa v hist\u00f3rii kinematografie.<\/p>\n<p>V stra\u0161ideln\u00fdch sc\u00e9nach je vyu\u017eit\u00fdch nieko\u013eko vizu\u00e1lnych trikov: <em><strong>stop-motion anim\u00e1cia, neuverite\u013ene inovat\u00edvny mejkap a \u201ekoloto\u010dov\u00fd\u201d efekt<\/strong><\/em>, aby to vyzeralo, \u017ee \u010darodejnice letia na metle. Star\u00e9 obrazy vyryt\u00e9 do dreva akoby niekedy o\u017e\u00edvali a Christensen na to v\u0161etko rozradostene dohliada ako <strong>blasfemick\u00fd vodca<\/strong>. Je teda pr\u00edhodn\u00e9, \u017ee <strong>re\u017eis\u00e9r si zahral satana<\/strong> a \u017ee si u\u017e\u00edval ka\u017ed\u00fa chv\u00ed\u013eu v tejto \u00falohe.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>&quot;<\/strong><strong>Christensen sa nevyh\u00fdba nemravnosti a surrealizmu historick\u00fdch list\u00edn, ktor\u00fdmi sa in\u0161piroval, ale stavia na tom. Napriek tomu, \u017ee ide o ve\u013emi temn\u00fa t\u00e9mu, ned\u00e1 sa ubr\u00e1ni\u0165 pocitu \u0161ibeni\u010dn\u00e9ho humoru, ktor\u00fd musel sprev\u00e1dza\u0165 nat\u00e1\u010danie,\u201d<\/strong><\/em> uzavrel Paciorek. Ke\u010f odhliadneme od hororov\u00fdch z\u00e1berov, H\u00e4xan vynik\u00e1 <strong>psychologick\u00fdm p\u00e1tosom<\/strong> a jeho kombin\u00e1ciou s esejistickou formou. Re\u017eis\u00e9r \u00faplne nezavrhuje mo\u017enos\u0165 existencie diablov a d\u00e9monov, no \u013eudsk\u00e1 boles\u0165 je zobrazen\u00e1 zaka\u017ed\u00fdm rovnako, nech je pr\u00ed\u010dina ak\u00e1ko\u013evek. To je <strong>prekvapuj\u00faco hum\u00e1nnym odkazom<\/strong> filmu, ktor\u00e9ho jasn\u00fdm dedi\u010dom je na za\u010diatku spomenut\u00fd Projekt Blair Witch s <strong>okultistick\u00fdmi t\u00e9mami<\/strong> and <strong>kv\u00e1zidokument\u00e1rnym \u0161t\u00fdlom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Zdroj: vo\u013ene prelo\u017een\u00e9 z bbc.com<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Zdroj titulnej fotografie: screenshot, YouTube<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Film H\u00e4xan vznikol pred viac ne\u017e sto rokmi a dodnes vyvol\u00e1va zimomriavky. Zasl\u00fa\u017ei si v\u0161ak aj viac uznania, ke\u010f\u017ee bol vzorom pre Projekt Blair Witch<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8273"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8273\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}