{"id":8276,"date":"2023-04-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/spolocnost-a-konspiracie\/"},"modified":"2023-04-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T23:00:00","slug":"spolocnost-a-konspiracie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/spolocnost-a-konspiracie\/","title":{"rendered":"Kon\u0161pir\u00e1ci\u00e1m veria aj \u013eudia s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm vzdelan\u00edm. Ako proti n\u00edm bojova\u0165?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dezinform\u00e1cie s\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm nebezpe\u010denstvom pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165, najm\u00e4 ak sa \u0161\u00edria v \u010dasoch pand\u00e9mie alebo vojny. S\u00edce sa \u010doraz viac hovor\u00ed o disponovan\u00ed medi\u00e1lnou gramotnos\u0165ou, kritick\u00e9 myslenie zohr\u00e1va rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klade toho vznikaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne aktivity pre stredo\u0161kol\u00e1kov, nako\u013eko sa v slovensk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch doposia\u013e nevyu\u010duje vedeck\u00e1 a medi\u00e1lna gramotnos\u0165. Jednou z nich je Olympi\u00e1da kritick\u00e9ho myslenia, ktor\u00e1 \u017eiakom pon\u00faka roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 ich argumenta\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti \u010di \u010ditate\u013esk\u00fa gramotnos\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdnimku netvoria ani vzdelan\u00ed \u013eudia<\/h3>\n

Ako sme uviedli v na\u0161om predo\u0161lom \u010dl\u00e1nku, pod\u013ea d\u00e1t prieskumu GLOBSEC kon\u0161pir\u00e1ci\u00e1m ver\u00ed a\u017e 56 % Slov\u00e1kov<\/strong> z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch dan\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu. V porovnan\u00ed s \u010ceskou republikou ide o dvojn\u00e1sobne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u010d\u00edslo.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea Katar\u00edny Klingovej, ktor\u00e1 p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako senior analyti\u010dka v organiz\u00e1cii GLOBSEC, s\u00fa Slov\u00e1ci n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k dezinform\u00e1ci\u00e1m najm\u00e4 preto, \u017ee na \u00fazem\u00ed na\u0161ej krajiny m\u00e1me akt\u00edvnych b\u00fdval\u00fdch politick\u00fdch predstavite\u013eov \u0161\u00edriacich r\u00f4zne hoaxy a kon\u0161pir\u00e1cie, p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l eduworld.sk. V\u00fdnimku netvoria ani extr\u00e9mistick\u00e9 strany v parlamente \u010di fikt\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dty na soci\u00e1lnej sieti Facebook.<\/strong><\/p>\n V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 preverova\u0165 si zdroje jednotliv\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadoch pova\u017eujeme za \u013eud\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u00fdch ku kon\u0161pir\u00e1ci\u00e1m jedincov s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm vzdelan\u00edm, av\u0161ak aj opak m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pravdou. The Guardian informuje, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 prieskumy poukazuj\u00fa na to, \u017ee \u013eudia s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm vzdelan\u00edm s\u00fa rovnako n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k dezinform\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/strong> Stoj\u00ed za t\u00fdm fakt, \u017ee mnoho kon\u0161pira\u010dn\u00fdch te\u00f3ri\u00ed je navrhnut\u00fdch tak, aby sa hrali so zaujatos\u0165ou n\u00e1\u0161ho mozgu.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00f4\u017eu na\u0161ej mysli pon\u00faknu\u0165 verziu, ktor\u00e1 niekoho vin\u00ed za odohr\u00e1vaj\u00facu sa kr\u00edzu. Na z\u00e1klade toho mnoho \u013eud\u00ed ver\u00ed, \u017ee konkr\u00e9tni \u013eudia alebo organiz\u00e1cie napl\u00e1novali nejak\u00fa katastrofu pre svoj vlastn\u00fd profit.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eTieto falo\u0161n\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a dezinform\u00e1cie s\u00fa vystavan\u00e9 tak, aby vzbudzovali strach, odpor i nen\u00e1vis\u0165. S\u00edce si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee sme racion\u00e1lne tvory, ale nie je tomu celkom tak. Najsk\u00f4r pre\u017eijeme nejak\u00fa em\u00f3ciu toho, \u010do sa dozvieme, a a\u017e potom si sp\u00e4tne zracionalizujeme, \u010di ide o pravdu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa tv\u00e1rime, \u017ee sme sa rozhodli na z\u00e1klade faktov,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> pribli\u017euje t\u00fato problematiku pre eduworld.sk Peter Jan\u010d\u00e1rik z OZ Kon\u0161pir\u00e1tori.<\/p>\n

\u00dazkos\u0165 prepojen\u00e1 s kon\u0161pir\u00e1ciami<\/h3>\n

Ako sme si u\u017e mohli v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, mnoho kon\u0161pira\u010dn\u00fdch te\u00f3ri\u00ed nast\u00e1va v kr\u00edzovom obdob\u00ed. Jedn\u00fdm z pr\u00edkladov je covidov\u00e1 pand\u00e9mia, po\u010das ktorej sme im za\u010dali venova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu pozornos\u0165. Za kon\u0161pir\u00e1ciu m\u00f4\u017eeme v\u0161ak pova\u017eova\u0165 aj spr\u00e1vu o konci sveta,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd mal nasta\u0165 v roku 2012.<\/p>\n

The Guardian p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee mnoho psychologick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed poukazuje na to, \u017ee existuje vy\u0161\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee \u013eudia prepadn\u00fa kon\u0161pira\u010dn\u00fdm te\u00f3ri\u00e1m, ke\u010f poci\u0165uj\u00fa \u00fazkos\u0165. Av\u0161ak to, \u010di jednotlivec prepadne popla\u0161n\u00fdm spr\u00e1vam z\u00e1vis\u00ed aj od toho, ak\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom myslenia disponuje.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pokia\u013e niekto prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ea viac intuit\u00edvne, nie je na tom ni\u010d zl\u00e9. Existuje v\u0161ak riziko, \u017ee jedinec m\u00f4\u017ee robi\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 r\u00fdchle z\u00e1very v oblastiach, v ktor\u00fdch je jeho \u00fasudok slab\u0161ie rafinovan\u00fd. Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee t\u00e1to tendencia myslenia je viac n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 veri\u0165 kon\u0161pir\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/strong><\/p>\n Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 za\u010dala dezinform\u00e1cie vn\u00edma\u0165 viac v \u010dasoch pand\u00e9mie. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

Prv\u00fdm krokom, ako tomu zabr\u00e1ni\u0165, je sebauvedomenie. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa n\u00e1js\u0165 proakt\u00edvne sp\u00f4soby pom\u00e1haj\u00face sa vyrovna\u0165 so stresom zo znepokojuj\u00facich spolo\u010densk\u00fdch udalost\u00ed. Pokia\u013e sa jedinec dost\u00e1va k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m prostredn\u00edctvom soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed, d\u00f4raz sa kladie aj na fotografie a vide\u00e1<\/strong> uverejnen\u00e9 pri jednotliv\u00fdch spr\u00e1vach. Aj preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 sa zamyslie\u0165 nad t\u00fdm, \u010di s\u00fa vytrhnut\u00e9 z kontextu alebo upraven\u00e9 vo Photoshope.<\/p>\n

Port\u00e1l Euractiv z\u00e1rove\u0148 odpor\u00fa\u010da \u010derpa\u0165 \u00fadaje z overen\u00fdch zdrojov,<\/strong> ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad poznatky z kvalitn\u00e9ho vedeck\u00e9ho experimentu. Okrem toho by sa \u013eudia mali sta\u0165 viac intelektu\u00e1lne pokornej\u0161\u00edmi, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nemusia ma\u0165 n\u00e1zor hne\u010f na v\u0161etko. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa si necha\u0165 viac \u010dasu na vypo\u010dutie viacer\u00fdch n\u00e1zorov.<\/p>\n

Boj proti dezinform\u00e1ci\u00e1m u\u017e pred pand\u00e9miou<\/h3>\n

V \u010dasoch pand\u00e9mie sa soci\u00e1lne siete podrobili pr\u00edsnej\u0161ej regul\u00e1cii,<\/strong> nako\u013eko sa prostredn\u00edctvom nich \u0161\u00edrili r\u00f4zne hoaxy a dezinform\u00e1cie. Av\u0161ak aj v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00f4\u017eeme virtu\u00e1lny priestor sp\u00e1ja\u0165 s t\u00fdmto druhom inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, nako\u013eko sa prostredn\u00edctvom neho n\u00e1zory \u0161\u00edria \u013eah\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

Eur\u00f3pska komisia u\u017e po\u010das roku 2018 zaviedla K\u00f3dex postupov pre online platformy,<\/strong> inzerentov a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch akt\u00e9rov. Na z\u00e1klade toho sa zaviazali, \u017ee bud\u00fa zlep\u0161ova\u0165 svoje politiky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa online prostredia. V\u00fdnimku netvoril ani boj proti dezinform\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/p>\n Na slovensk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch ch\u00fdba v\u00fdu\u010dba medi\u00e1lnej gramotnosti. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

Medzi podp\u00edsan\u00e9 strany patria online platformy ako Facebook, Google \u010di Twitter. Nesk\u00f4r sa k n\u00edm pripojila po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 firma Microsoft \u010di \u010doraz viac ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 soci\u00e1lna sie\u0165 TikTok.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dezinform\u00e1cie s\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm nebezpe\u010denstvom pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165, najm\u00e4 ak sa \u0161\u00edria v \u010dasoch pand\u00e9mie alebo vojny. S\u00edce sa \u010doraz viac hovor\u00ed o disponovan\u00ed medi\u00e1lnou gramotnos\u0165ou, kritick\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8276\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}