{"id":8284,"date":"2023-04-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-28T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/vysoky-krvny-tlak\/"},"modified":"2023-04-29T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T23:00:00","slug":"vysoky-krvny-tlak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/vysoky-krvny-tlak\/","title":{"rendered":"Vysok\u00fd krvn\u00fd tlak patr\u00ed k tich\u00fdm zabijakom, jeho pr\u00edznaky s\u00fa v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch nejasn\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kardiovaskul\u00e1rne ochorenia s\u00fa jednou z naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00ed\u010din \u00famrt\u00ed. Patr\u00ed k n\u00edm vysok\u00fd krvn\u00fd tlak, ktor\u00fd tr\u00e1pi aj mnoh\u00fdch Slov\u00e1kov. Lek\u00e1ri na tento probl\u00e9m dlhodobo upriamuj\u00fa pozornos\u0165, av\u0161ak <strong>mnoh\u00ed pacienti ho podce\u0148uj\u00fa \u010di dokonca ignoruj\u00fa.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Tich\u00fd zabijak<\/h3>\n<p>O zv\u00fd\u0161enom krvnom tlaku m\u00f4\u017eeme hovori\u0165, ak jeho hodnoty dosiahnu viac ne\u017e 140\/90 mm Hg, informuje Denn\u00edk N. Jeho optim\u00e1lna hodnota by sa pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov mala pohybova\u0165 <strong>v rozmedz\u00ed viac ako 90\/60 a menej ako 120\/80.<\/strong> Hodnoty medzi \u017eensk\u00fdm a mu\u017esk\u00fdm pohlav\u00edm sa m\u00f4\u017eu v men\u0161\u00edch odch\u00fdlkach l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. U mu\u017eov sa celosvetov\u00fd priemer pohybuje v rozmedz\u00ed 127\/78,7, u \u017eien ide o hodnotu 122\/76.<\/p>\n<p>Ide o tlak, ktor\u00fdm srdce pumpuje krv do ciev, pri\u010dom z\u00e1rove\u0148 v cievach ostane aj po\u010das f\u00e1zy plnenia srdca. Mnoh\u00ed odborn\u00edci ho naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa aj ako \u201etich\u00fd zabijak\u201c,<strong> nako\u013eko sa nieko\u013eko rokov m\u00f4\u017ee prejavova\u0165 bez pr\u00edznakov.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u201eNa Slovensku je odhadom asi dva mili\u00f3ny hypertonikov, z toho polovica sa lie\u010di a polovica nelie\u010di. Bu\u010f preto, \u017ee o tom ani nevie, \u017ee m\u00e1 vysok\u00fd tlak, alebo sa lie\u010di\u0165 nechce,\u201c<\/em> <\/strong>vysvet\u013euje pre port\u00e1l Teraz.sk Ivana \u0160o\u00f3\u0161ov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako prim\u00e1rka Ambulantn\u00e9ho oddelenia N\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu srdcov\u00fdch a cievnych chor\u00f4b v Bratislave. Okrem toho dod\u00e1va, \u017ee len tretina pacientov m\u00e1 kontrolovan\u00fd krvn\u00fd tlak.<\/p>\n Pr\u00edznaky hypertenzie s\u00fa v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch nejasn\u00e9. Zdroj: pexels.com\n<p>Na z\u00e1klade toho najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161iu \u00falohu pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov zohr\u00e1va prevencia s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm dodr\u017eiavan\u00edm lie\u010dby. S\u00fa\u010das\u0165 lie\u010dby tvor\u00ed aj spr\u00e1vne zvolen\u00e1 \u017eivotospr\u00e1va, nako\u013eko uveden\u00e9 ochorenie sa sp\u00e1ja aj s in\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami. Pacient by mal dodr\u017eiava\u0165 <strong>pravideln\u00fa fyzick\u00fa aktivitu, sp\u00e1nkov\u00fa hygienu \u010di spr\u00e1vne stravovacie n\u00e1vyky.<\/strong> V\u00fdnimku netvor\u00ed ani obmedzenie faj\u010denia a alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1pojov, \u010di zn\u00ed\u017eenie telesnej hmotnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak aj napriek t\u00fdmto opatreniam sa mnoh\u00fdm pacientom predpisuje farmakologick\u00e1 lie\u010dba, po\u010das ktorej sa kladie d\u00f4raz aj na \u017eivotospr\u00e1vu. <strong>Mnoh\u00ed Slov\u00e1ci maj\u00fa nespr\u00e1vne stravovacie n\u00e1vyky,<\/strong> \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k obezite.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho odborn\u00edkov sa v\u0161ak stret\u00e1va s t\u00fdm, \u017ee<strong> pacienti si v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch predp\u00edsan\u00e9 lieky ani nevyzdvihn\u00fa.<\/strong> Ich n\u00edzka motiv\u00e1cia lie\u010di\u0165 sa sa sp\u00e1ja najm\u00e4 s t\u00fdm, \u017ee v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch na sebe nepoci\u0165uj\u00fa \u017eiadne pr\u00edznaky. Pokia\u013e sa lie\u010dba dlhodobo podce\u0148uje, m\u00f4\u017eu sa vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad cievna mozgov\u00e1 pr\u00edhoda, zlyh\u00e1vanie srdca alebo poruchy funkcie obli\u010diek.<\/p>\n<h3>Vysok\u00fd n\u00e1rast pacientov<\/h3>\n<p>Po\u010det pacientov s vysok\u00fdm krvn\u00fdm tlakom ka\u017edoro\u010dne prib\u00fada. Pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk <strong>za posledn\u00fdch 40 rokov st\u00fapol v\u00fdskyt \u013eud\u00ed s t\u00fdmto ochoren\u00edm na takmer dvojn\u00e1sobok,<\/strong> informuje Denn\u00edk N. K\u00fdm v roku 1975 i\u0161lo o 594 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti dan\u00e1 hodnota prekro\u010dila jednu miliardu.<\/p>\n<p>Uveden\u00e9 d\u00e1ta sa pripisuj\u00fa k v\u00fdsledkom v\u00fdskumu anglick\u00fdch vedcov, ktor\u00fd bol uverejnen\u00fd aj v jednom z najprest\u00ed\u017enej\u0161\u00edch vedeck\u00fdch medic\u00ednskych \u010dasopisov Lancet. Vedci sa v \u0148om zamerali na takmer v\u0161etky krajiny sveta, pri\u010dom <strong>v\u00fdskum siahal a\u017e do roku 1975.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ved\u00faci v\u00fdskumu Majid Ezzati tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee k\u00fdm v roku 1975 sa vysok\u00fd krvn\u00fd tlak sp\u00e1jal s blahobytom, dnes ide o opak. Pr\u00ed\u010diny tohto zistenia zatia\u013e nie s\u00fa \u00faplne jasn\u00e9. Vedci predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee <strong>ve\u013ek\u00fa rolu v tom zohr\u00e1va v\u00fd\u017eiva,<\/strong> ktor\u00e1 je v rozvojov\u00fdch a chudobn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch mnohokr\u00e1t nedostato\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n Pri hypertenzii sa d\u00f4raz kladie najm\u00e4 na prevenciu. Zdroj: pexels.com\n<p>Za n\u00e1rast po\u010dtu pacientov m\u00f4\u017ee aj starnutie obyvate\u013estva. Pozit\u00edvom v\u0161ak je, \u017ee v bohat\u0161\u00edch krajin\u00e1ch ochorenie ustupuje. Ide o s\u00fabor viacer\u00fdch faktorov, v ktorom ve\u013ek\u00fa rolu zohr\u00e1va najm\u00e4 \u017eivotospr\u00e1va. Na z\u00e1klade toho sa odpor\u00fa\u010da <strong>konzumova\u0165 viac ovocia, zeleniny \u010di zni\u017eova\u0165 mno\u017estvo prij\u00edmanej soli.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika<\/h3>\n<p>V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa pr\u00edznaky hypertenzie neprejavuj\u00fa. Na z\u00e1klade toho sa odpor\u00fa\u010da si pravidelne mera\u0165 tlak, <strong>\u010do prispieva k prevencii.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00ed jedinci v\u0161ak po prudkom st\u00fapnut\u00ed tlaku poci\u0165uj\u00fa pr\u00edznaky. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie k n\u00edm patria <strong>boles\u0165 hlavy, t\u0155pnutie prstov a kon\u010dat\u00edn \u010di ne\u010dakan\u00e9 spustenie krvi z nosa,<\/strong> uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Slovensk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho praktick\u00e9ho lek\u00e1rstva. Nie v\u017edy mus\u00ed \u00eds\u0165 ale o pr\u00edznaky vysok\u00e9ho tlaku.<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klade toho sa za najobjekt\u00edvnej\u0161iu met\u00f3du pova\u017euje<strong> 24-hodinov\u00e9 ambulantn\u00e9 meranie tlaku,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 po\u010das cel\u00e9ho d\u0148a sk\u00fama jeho zmeny. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ho v pravideln\u00fdch intervaloch meria aj po\u010das sp\u00e1nku. Dan\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie okrem toho pom\u00e1ha odhali\u0165 maskovan\u00fa hypertenziu a hypertenziu bieleho pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a.<\/p>\n Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd krvn\u00fd tlak sa sp\u00e1ja najm\u00e4 so star\u0161ou vekovou skupinou. Zdroj: pexels.com\n<p>Pokia\u013e ide o maskovan\u00fa hypertenziu, vysok\u00e9 hodnoty krvn\u00e9ho tlaku sa u pacienta prejavuj\u00fa mimo ambulancie. Jej v\u010dasn\u00e9 odhalenie m\u00f4\u017ee pred\u00eds\u0165 r\u00f4znym komplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m. <strong>V pr\u00edpade hypertenzie bieleho pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a sa pacientovi vy\u0161\u0161ie hodnoty tlaku nameraj\u00fa v\u017edy po\u010das n\u00e1v\u0161tevy zdravotn\u00edckeho zariadenia. <\/strong>Po\u010das 24-hodinov\u00e9ho merania s\u00fa jeho hodnoty norm\u00e1lne, na z\u00e1klade \u010doho sa tento typ zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho tlaku nelie\u010di.<\/p>\n<p>V ojedinel\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee jedinec trpie\u0165 <strong>sekund\u00e1rnou hypertenziou.<\/strong> Pripisuje sa najm\u00e4 mlad\u0161ej vekovej skupine, u ktorej sa zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd tlak tak \u010dasto nevyskytuje. Dan\u00e9 ochorenie sprev\u00e1dza niektor\u00e9 n\u00e1dory nadobli\u010diek, poruchy pr\u00edvodn\u00fdch ciev obli\u010diek, poruchy samotn\u00fdch obli\u010diek \u010di u\u017e\u00edvanie niektor\u00fdch liekov.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kardiovaskul\u00e1rne ochorenia s\u00fa jednou z naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00ed\u010din \u00famrt\u00ed. Patr\u00ed k n\u00edm vysok\u00fd krvn\u00fd tlak, ktor\u00fd tr\u00e1pi aj mnoh\u00fdch Slov\u00e1kov. Lek\u00e1ri na tento probl\u00e9m dlhodobo upriamuj\u00fa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8284\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}