{"id":8288,"date":"2023-05-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-03T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/howard-hawks-najlepsi-americky-reziser-ktoreho-nikto-nepozna\/"},"modified":"2023-05-04T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T23:00:00","slug":"howard-hawks-najlepsi-americky-reziser-ktoreho-nikto-nepozna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/howard-hawks-najlepsi-americky-reziser-ktoreho-nikto-nepozna\/","title":{"rendered":"Howard Hawks: Najlep\u0161\u00ed americk\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9r, ktor\u00e9ho \u201enikto\u201d nepozn\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Filmov\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9r Howard Hawks <\/strong>(na titulnej fotografii) bol mu\u017eom kontrastov. Vysok\u00fd Kaliforn\u010dan atletickej postavy, ktor\u00fd sa narodil v Indiane a vyrastal vo Wisconsine a nesk\u00f4r v Pasadene. Die\u0165a z privilegovanej rodiny, ktor\u00e9 sa stalo ve\u013ek\u00fdm hollywoodskym profesion\u00e1lom v zlatej \u00e9re americkej kinematografie. Napriek tomu, ako o \u0148om povedal kritik Leonard Maltin, ide o \u201enajlep\u0161ieho americk\u00e9ho re\u017eis\u00e9ra, ktor\u00fd nie je v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1my\u201d. O to menej \u013eud\u00ed ho pozn\u00e1 v na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Howard Hawks<\/h3>\n

Po\u010das svojej dlhej kari\u00e9ry v rokoch 1926 a\u017e 1970 nakr\u00fatil \u0161tyridsa\u0165 filmov<\/strong>. Re\u017e\u00edroval (a niekedy aj produkoval, pr\u00edpadne sa podie\u013eal na scen\u00e1ri) niektor\u00e9 z najlep\u0161\u00edch kom\u00e9di\u00ed, trilerov, westernov, muzik\u00e1lov, \u0161portov\u00fdch dr\u00e1m \u010di vojnov\u00fdch sn\u00edmok<\/strong>, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v zlatej \u00e9re od tridsiatych do p\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Okrem in\u00fdch nato\u010dil filmy Red River, Sergeant York, Scarface, Bringing Up Baby, The Big Sleep, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, His Girl Friday a Rio Bravo<\/strong>. Na Oscara za najlep\u0161iu r\u00e9\u017eiu ho nominovali iba raz, v roku 1942 za sn\u00edmku Sergeant York. V roku 1975 dostal aspo\u0148 \u010cestn\u00fa cenu Akad\u00e9mie. D\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie v\u0161ak je, \u017ee ovplyvnil mnoh\u00fdch nasledovn\u00edkov, medzi jeho fan\u00fa\u0161ikov sa radia Martin Scorsese, Robert Altman, John Carpenter, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Quentin Tarantino aj Michael Mann<\/strong>. Magaz\u00edn Entertainment Weekly ho zaradil na \u0161tvrt\u00e9 miesto v historickom rebr\u00ed\u010dku najlep\u0161\u00edch re\u017eis\u00e9rov.<\/p>\n

Howard Hawks na Oscaroch v roku 1975<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eHitchcocko-Hawksovci\u201d<\/h3>\n

\u201eKto, dopekla, je Howard Hawks?\u201d<\/strong><\/em> znela popul\u00e1rna formulka jeho neprajn\u00edkov v \u0161es\u0165desiatych rokoch dvadsiateho storo\u010dia. Pova\u017eovali ho za \u010fal\u0161ieho priemern\u00e9ho hollywoodskeho<\/strong> predstavite\u013ea, nezmyselne vyvy\u0161ovan\u00e9ho. Howard Hawks pritom spolo\u010dne s Alfredom Hitchcockom, Johnom Fordom a Orsonom Wellesom<\/strong> patril do skupiny americk\u00fdch film\u00e1rov, ktor\u00fdch si idealizovali vtedaj\u0161\u00ed mlad\u00ed franc\u00fazski kritici Francois Truffaut a Jean-Luc Godard<\/strong>. Obaja tvrdili, \u017ee umeleck\u00e1 kvalita, osobn\u00fd poh\u013ead a \u0161t\u00fdl s\u00fa v najlep\u0161\u00edch hollywoodskych filmoch vidite\u013en\u00e9 rovnako ako v tvorbe Ingmara Bergmana \u010di Luisa Bunuela<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Truffaut s Godardom boli dielami Ameri\u010danov nad\u0161en\u00ed tak ve\u013emi, \u017ee si vysl\u00fa\u017eili ozna\u010denie \u201eHitchcocko-Hawksovci\u201d<\/strong>. Godard, zn\u00e1my svoj\u00edm obdivom k americkej kult\u00fare a amerikanizmu celkovo, o Hawksovi povedal, \u017ee je \u201enajlep\u0161\u00ed zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch americk\u00fdch umelcov\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Hawks nebol stereotypn\u00fd umelec. Fascinovali ho mechanick\u00e9 zariadenia a jeho \u0161t\u00fdl bol minimalistick\u00fd, preva\u017eovali z\u00e1bery na \u00farovni o\u010d\u00ed a nen\u00e1padn\u00fd strih. Jeho filmy na povrchu vyzerali ako neskr\u00fdvan\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00e9 projekty<\/strong> u\u0161it\u00e9 pre hollywoodske hviezdy Caryho Granta, Johna Wayna, Marilyn Monroeov\u00fa, Garyho Coopera a Humphreyho Bogarta<\/strong>. Hawks rozpr\u00e1val pomaly, no \u0161pecializoval sa na to, aby veci \u201ei\u0161li r\u00fdchlo\u201d. Staval lietadl\u00e1 a aut\u00e1<\/strong>, pom\u00e1hal napr\u00edklad pri v\u00fdrobe vozidla, ktor\u00e9 v roku 1936 zv\u00ed\u0165azilo na prest\u00ed\u017enych pretekoch 500 m\u00ed\u013e Indianapolis.<\/p>\n

Lauren Bacallov\u00e1 a Humphrey Bogart vo filme The Big Sleep (1946)
\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Takisto jeho sn\u00edmky sa vyzna\u010dovali r\u00fdchlym<\/strong> a prer\u00fdvan\u00fdm<\/strong> dial\u00f3gom<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 His Girl Friday (1940). Hawks bol v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fd \u010ditate\u013e a priatelil sa s dvoma dr\u017eite\u013emi Nobelovej ceny za literat\u00faru: Ernestom Hemingwayom a Williamom Faulknerom<\/strong>. S oboma mal spolo\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u013euby v lietan\u00ed a po\u013eovan\u00ed<\/strong>, okrem toho \u0161of\u00e9roval a staval pretek\u00e1rske aut\u00e1<\/strong> a v mladosti vyhral juniorsk\u00e9 majstrovstv\u00e1 USA v tenise. \u017dil divoko, bol gambler a sukni\u010dk\u00e1r, aj vo veku 79 rokov sa zotavil z motocyklovej nehody.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1bavn\u00fd, ale nie vulg\u00e1rny<\/h3>\n

Hoci viacer\u00e9 filmy vy\u0161li v obdob\u00ed, ke\u010f platil produk\u010dn\u00fd k\u00f3dex, s\u00faputn\u00edci uzn\u00e1vali jeho cit pre dvorenie<\/strong> (napr\u00edklad cigaretov\u00e9 \u201eduely\u201d Bogarta a Lauren Bacallovej v sn\u00edmke To Have and Have Not), dvojzmyseln\u00e9 nar\u00e1\u017eky v<\/strong>\u00a0dial\u00f3goch a<\/strong> sexu\u00e1lny podtext<\/strong>. Hawksov pr\u00edstup k sexu\u00e1lnym vz\u0165ahom bol z\u00e1bavn\u00fd, ale nie vulg\u00e1rny<\/strong>. Dok\u00e1zal vydolova\u0165 element\u00e1rny sexep\u00edl z hercov a najm\u00e4 z here\u010diek. Monroeov\u00e1, Bacallov\u00e1, Carole Lombardov\u00e1, Louise Brooksov\u00e1, Angie Dickinsonov\u00e1, Barbara Stanwyckov\u00e1, Joan Collinsov\u00e1 i Kate Hepburnov\u00e1<\/strong> \u0165a\u017eili z jeho ostr\u00e9ho zraku.<\/p>\n

\u201eIba predpojat\u00fd div\u00e1k mohol Howarda Hawksa pova\u017eova\u0165 za priemern\u00e9ho. Nebol inov\u00e1tor, ale bol perfekcionista a takmer v ka\u017edom \u017e\u00e1nri, do ktor\u00e9ho sa pustil, nato\u010dil klasiku. Pravdu mali Truffaut, Godard a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed. Ich ve\u013ek\u00fd vzor vyrastal medzi elitou, mal komer\u010dn\u00e9 nastavenie, ka\u017ed\u00e9mu filmu v\u0161ak vtla\u010dil osobn\u00fa pe\u010da\u0165. Nemal r\u00e1d hollywoodskych producentov, tak\u017ee ke\u010f si nejak\u00fd film produkoval s\u00e1m, v titulkoch to uviedol men\u0161\u00edm p\u00edsmom ne\u017e scen\u00e1r alebo r\u00e9\u017eiu. Zo v\u0161etk\u00e9ho najviac bol film\u00e1rom a napriek v\u0161etk\u00fdm svoj\u00edm kontrastom bol jedn\u00fdm z najlep\u0161\u00edch,\u201d<\/strong><\/em> vzdal Hawksovi hold port\u00e1l Chicago Tribune.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Filmy Howarda Hawksa, ktor\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dame:<\/h3>\n

Scarface (1932)<\/p>\n

Twentieth Century (1934)<\/p>\n

Bringing Up Baby (1938)<\/p>\n

Only Angels Have Wings (1939)<\/p>\n

His Girl Friday (1940)<\/p>\n

To Have and Have Not (1944)<\/p>\n

The Big Sleep (1946)<\/p>\n

Rio Bravo (1959)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroje: chicagotribune.com, telegraph.co.uk, newyorker.com<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj titulnej fotografie a fotografi\u00ed v texte: screenshoty, YouTube<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Filmov\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9r Howard Hawks (na titulnej fotografii) bol mu\u017eom kontrastov. Vysok\u00fd Kaliforn\u010dan atletickej postavy, ktor\u00fd sa narodil v Indiane a vyrastal vo Wisconsine a nesk\u00f4r<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8288"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8288\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}