{"id":8295,"date":"2023-05-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-07T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/kto-bol-v-skutocnosti-v-australii-prvy\/"},"modified":"2023-05-08T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-07T23:00:00","slug":"kto-bol-v-skutocnosti-v-australii-prvy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/kto-bol-v-skutocnosti-v-australii-prvy\/","title":{"rendered":"Kto bol v skuto\u010dnosti v Austr\u00e1lii prv\u00fd?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prv\u00ed Austr\u00e1l\u010dania<\/h3>\n

\u013dudia sa pravdepodobne za\u010dali usadzova\u0165 v Austr\u00e1lii najmenej pred 50 000 rokmi. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch archeol\u00f3gov to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dokonca a\u017e pred 70 000 tis\u00edc rokmi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Niektor\u00ed z prv\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed do Austr\u00e1lie pri\u0161li tak, \u017ee sa pres\u00favali medzi re\u0165azou ostrovov zo Sulawesi (Sulawesi je na Borneu a teraz je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Indon\u00e9zie) a Novej Guiney. <\/strong><\/p>\n

In\u00ed sa mo\u017eno dostali do Severoz\u00e1padnej Austr\u00e1lie cez Timor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tieto n\u00e1rody \u010doskoro obsadili cel\u00fd kontinent.<\/p>\n

R\u00f4zne skupiny mali svoje vlastn\u00e9 jazyky, samostatn\u00e9 \u00fazemie a pohybovali sa po svojom \u00fazem\u00ed pe\u0161o, pri\u010dom si vytv\u00e1rali chodn\u00edky popri potokoch a riekach. Na celom kontinente sa hovorilo stovkami r\u00f4znych jazykov.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 skupiny cestovali na juh a pre\u0161li do krajiny, ktor\u00fa dnes naz\u00fdvame Tasm\u00e1nia<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 bola s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pevniny asi pred 14 000 rokmi, k\u00fdm sa oddelila, ke\u010f hladina mora st\u00fapla.<\/p>\n

Skupiny, ktor\u00e9 \u017eili na severe, obchodovali s \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00ed \u017eili na Novej Guinei<\/strong>, a s hos\u0165uj\u00facimi n\u00e1morn\u00edkmi a ryb\u00e1rmi z dne\u0161nej Indon\u00e9zie.<\/p>\n

Domorod\u00e9 n\u00e1rody mali svoje vlastn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony a jazyky, a prostredn\u00edctvom rozpr\u00e1vania, piesn\u00ed, skaln\u00e9ho umenia a ma\u013eby z k\u00f4ry odovzd\u00e1vali svoju hist\u00f3riu ka\u017edej novej gener\u00e1cii.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n \u010clenovia domorod\u00e9ho kme\u0148a Kalkadoon, okolo roku 1900. Zdroj: sci.news\n

 <\/p>\n

Farm\u00e1ri s ohniv\u00fdmi palicami<\/h3>\n

Domorodci, ktor\u00ed boli striedavo popisovan\u00ed ako ko\u010dovn\u00ed, lovci-zbera\u010di a farm\u00e1ri s ohniv\u00fdmi palicami (zn\u00e1mi t\u00fdm, \u017ee namiesto obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy pou\u017e\u00edvali ohe\u0148 na \u010distenie krov\u00edn a pril\u00e1kanie zvierat \u017eiviacich sa tr\u00e1vou<\/strong>), sa usadili predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v dobre zavla\u017eovan\u00fdch pobre\u017en\u00fdch oblastiach.<\/p>\n

Niektor\u00ed vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee zl\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dzanie so \u017eivotn\u00fdm prostred\u00edm domorodcami po\u010das mnoh\u00fdch storo\u010d\u00ed, mohlo vies\u0165 k ne\u00farodnej povahe<\/strong> ve\u013ekej \u010dasti austr\u00e1lskeho vn\u00fatrozemia.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Historick\u00e1 mapa Austr\u00e1lie. Zdroj: seacraftgallery.com.au\n

 <\/p>\n

Eur\u00f3pania v Austr\u00e1lii<\/h3>\n

V roku 1606 prv\u00fdch Eur\u00f3panov (boli to Holan\u010fania)<\/strong>, ktor\u00ed presk\u00famali Austr\u00e1liu, viedol Willem Janszoon.<\/p>\n

T\u00edto n\u00e1morn\u00edci presk\u00famali z\u00e1padn\u00fa stranu Cape York, v z\u00e1live Carpentaria.<\/p>\n

Napadli ich domorodci a tak utiekli a ozn\u00e1mili, \u017ee Austr\u00e1lie je krajina, ktor\u00fa netreba \u010falej objavova\u0165.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

V roku 1616 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed Holan\u010fan Dirk Hartog<\/strong>, prist\u00e1l na ostrove pri pobre\u017e\u00ed Z\u00e1padnej Austr\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n

Ostrov sa teraz vol\u00e1 Ostrov Dirka Hartoga. Jeho objav bola n\u00e1hoda. <\/strong><\/p>\n

His lo\u010f bola vyhoden\u00e1 z kurzu na ceste do miesta, ktor\u00e9 teraz naz\u00fdvame Indon\u00e9zia.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V roku 1642 sa tret\u00ed Holan\u010fan, Abel Tasman, plavil do Tasm\u00e1nie, predt\u00fdm ako objavil Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land, Fid\u017ei a nav\u0161t\u00edvil Papuu-Nov\u00fa Guineu.<\/p>\n

Austr\u00e1lsku pevninu v\u0161ak nena\u0161iel.<\/p>\n

V roku 1699 sa William Dampier stal prv\u00fdm Angli\u010danom, ktor\u00fd videl Austr\u00e1liu. <\/strong><\/p>\n

William Dampier, ktor\u00fd bol kedysi pir\u00e1tom, presk\u00famal severoz\u00e1padn\u00e9 pobre\u017eie Austr\u00e1lie v roku 1699.<\/p>\n

Dampier bol prv\u00fdm Eur\u00f3panom, ktor\u00fd rozpr\u00e1val o tom, \u017ee videl austr\u00e1lske \u201eve\u013ek\u00e9 sk\u00e1kaj\u00face zvierat\u00e1\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Kapit\u00e1n James Cook. Zdroj: surfertoday.com\n

 <\/p>\n

James Cook<\/h3>\n

V roku 1770 bol kapit\u00e1n James Cook prv\u00fdm Eur\u00f3panom, ktor\u00fd presk\u00famal a zmapoval v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 pobre\u017eie Austr\u00e1lie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kapit\u00e1n James Cook z britsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1morn\u00edctva sa zmocnil v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho pobre\u017eia Austr\u00e1lie v mene Juraja III.<\/p>\n

Jeho skupina str\u00e1vila \u0161tyri mesiace prieskumom<\/strong> pozd\u013a\u017e v\u00fdchodnej Austr\u00e1lie, z juhu na sever.<\/p>\n

Na rozdiel od holandsk\u00fdch prieskumn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed pova\u017eovali krajinu za pochybn\u00fa hodnotu<\/strong> a rad\u0161ej sa s\u00fastredili na bohat\u00fa Indiu na severe, Cook a jeho pos\u00e1dka vykon\u00e1vali vedeck\u00e9 pozorovania.<\/p>\n

V roku 1779 Joseph Banks odporu\u010dil Botany Bay, pomenovan\u00fa pod\u013ea mno\u017estva nov\u00fdch rastl\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 sa tam na\u0161li, ako miesto pre trestaneck\u00e9 os\u00eddlenie. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Po strate 13 severoamerick\u00fdch kol\u00f3ni\u00ed bolo potrebn\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 nov\u00e9 odbytisko pre ods\u00faden\u00fdch<\/strong>, ktor\u00ed mali by\u0165 prepraven\u00ed do z\u00e1moria v s\u00falade s britskou trestnou politikou.<\/p>\n

V roku 1786 sa britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da rozhodla prija\u0165 Bankovo odpor\u00fa\u010danie.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Te\u00f3rie o skor\u0161om objaven\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Niektor\u00ed sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee Austr\u00e1liu prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t spozorovala portugalsk\u00e1 exped\u00edcia<\/strong> veden\u00e1 Cristovaom de Mendoncom asi v roku 1522.<\/p>\n

\u013dudia v minulosti interpretovali mno\u017estvo relikvi\u00ed a pozostatkov ako d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee pr\u00edchod Portugalcov do Austr\u00e1lie bol v prvej polovici roku 1500, 200 rokov pred Cookom. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Medzi tieto stopy patr\u00ed mahag\u00f3nov\u00e1 lo\u010f, \u00fadajn\u00e1 portugalsk\u00e1 karavela, ktor\u00e1 stroskotala vo Victorii<\/strong> (hoci jej pozostatky sa nikdy nena\u0161li).<\/p>\n

\u010ealej kamenn\u00fd dom v z\u00e1live Bittangabee, takzvan\u00e1 Dieppe mapa, tajn\u00e1 mapa nakreslen\u00e1 Portugalcami a delo a p\u00e4\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov n\u00e1jden\u00fdch ne\u010faleko Geelongu.<\/p>\n

Profesion\u00e1lni historici neprij\u00edmaj\u00fa tieto relikvie ako d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee Portugalci objavili Austr\u00e1liu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Franc\u00fazsky navig\u00e1tor Binot Paulmyer tvrdil, \u017ee prist\u00e1l v Austr\u00e1lii v roku 1503<\/strong> po tom, \u010do bol vych\u00fdlen\u00fd z kurzu.<\/p>\n

Nesk\u00f4r v\u0161ak vy\u0161etrovatelia dospeli k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou bol na Madagaskare. <\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prv\u00ed Austr\u00e1l\u010dania \u013dudia sa pravdepodobne za\u010dali usadzova\u0165 v Austr\u00e1lii najmenej pred 50 000 rokmi. Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch archeol\u00f3gov to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dokonca a\u017e pred 70 000<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8295"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8295\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}