{"id":8303,"date":"2023-05-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/dracula-od-brama-stokera-netopiere-cesnak-a-upadujuce-imperium\/"},"modified":"2023-05-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T23:00:00","slug":"dracula-od-brama-stokera-netopiere-cesnak-a-upadujuce-imperium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/dracula-od-brama-stokera-netopiere-cesnak-a-upadujuce-imperium\/","title":{"rendered":"Dracula od Brama Stokera: netopiere, cesnak a upaduj\u00face imp\u00e9rium"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>V na\u0161om magaz\u00edne sme sa u\u017e venovali v\u00fdberu desiatich filmov s up\u00edrskou tematikou, ktor\u00e9 vznikli za uplynul\u00fdch sto rokov. Dnes sa pozrieme na liter\u00e1rnu predlohu viacer\u00fdch z nich &#8211; rom\u00e1n Dracula od \u00edrskeho spisovate\u013ea Brama Stokera z roku 1897.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Dracula (1897)<\/h3>\n<p>Lond\u00fdn v dev\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokoch dev\u00e4tn\u00e1steho storo\u010dia bol <strong>o\u010daruj\u00facim a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm miestom<\/strong>. Bram Stoker tam p\u00f4sobil ako mana\u017e\u00e9r divadla a mohol pozorova\u0165 celebrity <strong>Arthura Conana Doyla a Oscara Wilda<\/strong>, ako aj chudobn\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 pred\u00e1vali kvety okoloid\u00facim. V \u010dasi East End si chudobn\u00ed a odstrkovan\u00ed privyr\u00e1bali v nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch podmienkach \u010faleko od svojich rod\u00edsk v \u00cdrsku, Afrike, Indii, \u00c1zii a v\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3pe. Aj ke\u010f <strong>Jack rozparova\u010d<\/strong> u\u017e ne\u010d\u00edhal v temn\u00fdch uli\u010dk\u00e1ch, <strong>kriminalita, alkoholizmus a nevysvetlen\u00e9 epid\u00e9mie<\/strong> st\u00e1le prin\u00e1\u0161ali hr\u00f4zu a n\u00e1hlu, brut\u00e1lnu smr\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>In\u0161pir\u00e1ciou pre Stokerovu klasiku boli <strong>\u00edrske m\u00fdty o up\u00edroch<\/strong> a v\u00edlach ve\u0161tiacich smr\u0165, ktor\u00e9 mu rozpr\u00e1vala matka, ke\u010f bol ako die\u0165a chor\u00fd. Draculovou p\u00f4dou je v\u0161ak samotn\u00fd <strong>Lond\u00fdn, takzvane \u201ecivilizovan\u00ed\u201d Angli\u010dania<\/strong> s\u00fa ohrozovan\u00ed vlastnou modernos\u0165ou a zranite\u013en\u00ed pre prehnan\u00fd d\u00f4raz na racionalitu a nadradenos\u0165 rasy a n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n<p>Dracula je rovnako ako Frankenstein <strong>epi\u0161tol\u00e1rny rom\u00e1n<\/strong>. Mary Shelleyov\u00e1 nap\u00edsala Frankensteina ako s\u00e9riu listov, no Stoker posunul tento \u00fatvar na vy\u0161\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148. Skombinoval <strong>cestovn\u00fd denn\u00edk Jonathana Harkera<\/strong> so svedectvami z viacer\u00fdch poh\u013eadov: <strong>listy, \u010dasopisy, noviny a pozorovania, ktor\u00e9 zaznamenala jeho man\u017eelka Mina<\/strong> na p\u00edsacom stroji, \u010do bol vtedy prevratn\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez. Harkera <strong>vyslali do Karp\u00e1t<\/strong>, \u201ejednej z najdivokej\u0161\u00edch a najtajomnej\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed Eur\u00f3py\u201d, aby tam pomohol klientovi, <strong>gr\u00f3fovi Draculovi<\/strong>, s k\u00fapou nehnute\u013enosti v Lond\u00fdne. Zviedla ho trojica up\u00edrok a ich stretnutie sa skon\u010dilo, a\u017e ke\u010f zakro\u010dil Dracula. <strong>\u201eTento mu\u017e patr\u00ed mne,\u201d<\/strong> vyhl\u00e1sil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Skaza prich\u00e1dza do Anglicka<\/h3>\n<p>Harkerov stav sa zhor\u0161uje a gr\u00f3f sa st\u00e1va mlad\u0161\u00edm a silnej\u0161\u00edm. O hr\u00f4zach, ktor\u00e9 zanechali Harkera fyzicky a ment\u00e1lne zni\u010den\u00e9ho a Draculu znovuzroden\u00e9ho, sa podrobne nedo\u010d\u00edtame. <strong>Dracula pricestuje do Anglicka<\/strong> na ruskej plachetnici, t\u00e1 dopl\u00e1va <strong>bez pos\u00e1dky a s m\u0155tvym kapit\u00e1nom<\/strong>, \u00fadajne z nej utiekol ve\u013ek\u00fd pes. Dracula <strong>napadne Lucy Westenrov\u00fa, najlep\u0161iu kamar\u00e1tku Miny Harkerovej.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lucy slabne a jej n\u00e1padn\u00edci, Arthur Holmwood (nesk\u00f4r Lord Godalming), John Seward (riadite\u013e psychiatrickej nemocnice) a Quincey Morris (bohat\u00fd Ameri\u010dan), vyh\u013eadaj\u00fa pomoc <strong>profesora Abrahama Van Helsinga<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd rozpozn\u00e1, \u017ee ide o <strong>n\u00e1sledky \u00fatoku up\u00edra<\/strong>. Lucy zomrie a noviny informuj\u00fa o ataku kr\u00e1snej d\u00e1my na deti. Mu\u017ei na \u010dele s Van Helsingom <strong>zastavia Lucy a prebodn\u00fa ju kolom.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bojovn\u00edci proti up\u00edrom sa spoja s Harkerom a Minou a chystaj\u00fa sa konfrontova\u0165 Draculu, pri\u010dom vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kombin\u00e1ciu Van Helsingov\u00fdch znalost\u00ed \u013eudov\u00fdch povier s modernou technol\u00f3giou. <strong>Up\u00edra dostan\u00fa, nie potrebn\u00fdm dreven\u00fdm kolom a odseknut\u00edm hlavy, ale dvoma no\u017emi. Je m\u0155tvy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Stoker pou\u017eil up\u00edra na sk\u00famanie <strong>kult\u00farnych probl\u00e9mov<\/strong> vo svojom okol\u00ed. Koncom dev\u00e4tn\u00e1steho storo\u010dia sa Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo ob\u00e1valo, \u017ee jeho <strong>imp\u00e9rium je v \u00fapadku<\/strong> &#8211; zvonku ho ohrozovali cudzinci a zvn\u00fatra komunity imigrantov. <strong>Lond\u00fdn sa rozrastal a znezrady vypukli choroby, napr\u00edklad cholera, a nivo\u010dili mesto.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Synonymum hororu<\/h3>\n<p>Z vtedaj\u0161ieho poh\u013eadu v\u0161ak nastal aj <strong>mor\u00e1lny \u00fapadok<\/strong>. Osloboden\u00e9 \u201enov\u00e9 \u017eeny\u201d bojovali za <strong>pracovn\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti, volebn\u00e9 a \u010fal\u0161ie pr\u00e1va<\/strong>. Homosexu\u00e1lne \u0161kand\u00e1ly zaplavili tla\u010d, \u010do vyvrcholilo v roku 1895 <strong>s\u00fadom a uv\u00e4znen\u00edm Oscara Wilda<\/strong>. <strong>Draculova mon\u0161tru\u00f3znos\u0165 ohrozovala krehk\u00fa suverenitu britsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria a v osobe Harkera aj jeho mu\u017enos\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dracula je <strong>najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed up\u00edrsky pr\u00edbeh<\/strong> v anglickom jazyku. Vyna\u0161iel mnoh\u00e9 zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 <strong>tr\u00f3py &#8211; premenu na netopiera, \u00fa\u010dinok cesnaku a hosti\u00ed<\/strong>. Kniha vy\u0161la pribli\u017ene v \u010dase, ke\u010f sa za\u010dalo experimentova\u0165 s filmov\u00fdm m\u00e9diom, a Dracula sa stal <strong>synonymom k hororov\u00e9mu \u017e\u00e1nru<\/strong>. Najprv ho stv\u00e1rnili B\u00e9la Lugosi a Christopher Lee a donekone\u010dn\u00e1 vznikaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 adapt\u00e1cie. <strong>Up\u00edr je dnes v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00fd v popul\u00e1rnej kult\u00fare, \u010do sme spomenuli u\u017e v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku o tejto t\u00e9me.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dracula ako <strong>gotick\u00e9 mon\u0161trum<\/strong> predstavuje <strong>strach<\/strong> z imigrantov, z modernej technol\u00f3gie, zo \u017didov, z pr\u00e1v \u017eien, z homosexuality z prelomu dev\u00e4tn\u00e1steho a dvadsiateho storo\u010dia. <strong>Aj o 125 rokov nesk\u00f4r v\u0161ak Stokerov v\u00fdtvor cieli na na\u0161e najhlb\u0161ie obavy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Zdroj: vo\u013ene prelo\u017een\u00e9 z theconversation.com<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Zdroj titulnej fotografie a ilustra\u010dn\u00fdch obr\u00e1zkov: pixabay.com<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V na\u0161om magaz\u00edne sme sa u\u017e venovali v\u00fdberu desiatich filmov s up\u00edrskou tematikou, ktor\u00e9 vznikli za uplynul\u00fdch sto rokov. Dnes sa pozrieme na liter\u00e1rnu predlohu<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8303"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8303\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8303"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8303"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}