{"id":8364,"date":"2023-07-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-09T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/burliva-historia-kuby\/"},"modified":"2023-07-10T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-09T23:00:00","slug":"burliva-historia-kuby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/burliva-historia-kuby\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00farliv\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria Kuby"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kuba, karibsk\u00fd<strong> ostrov pln\u00fd \u017eivota a kult\u00fary, m\u00e1 bohat\u00fa hist\u00f3riu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 siaha hlboko do \u010dias pred pr\u00edchodom eur\u00f3pskych dobyvate\u013eov.<\/p>\n<p>Pred pr\u00edchodom Eur\u00f3panov na Kubu, ju ob\u00fdvali r\u00f4zne indi\u00e1nske kmene.<\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00ed obyvatelia Kuby, zn\u00e1mi ako <strong>Guanahatabey, \u017eili na ostrove u\u017e tis\u00edce rokov.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ie skupiny p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov tvorili <strong>Tainovia a Siboneyovia.<\/strong> Tainovia boli najpo\u010detnej\u0161ou skupinou a mali rozvinut\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Pestovali kukuricu, fazu\u013eu a tabak. Boli aj \u0161ikovn\u00fdmi remeseln\u00edkmi a ich v\u00fdrobky sa presl\u00e1vili v celej oblasti.<\/p>\n<p>Od objavenia Kuby \u0161panielskym dobyvate\u013eom <strong>Kri\u0161tofom Kolumbom v roku 1492 a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165, kub\u00e1nska hist\u00f3ria bola pozna\u010den\u00e1 koloniz\u00e1ciou, bojom za nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 a revol\u00faciami.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ostrov bol postupne kolonizovan\u00fd \u0160panielmi a sl\u00fa\u017eil ako<strong> d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd pr\u00edstav pre \u0161panielske obchodn\u00e9 trasy medzi Eur\u00f3pou a Amerikou.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Domorod\u00e9 skupiny, ktor\u00e9 ob\u00fdvali ostrov boli \u010doskoro odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 alebo zomreli v d\u00f4sledku chor\u00f4b<\/strong> a \u0161oku z dobytia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vplyv domorod\u00fdch skup\u00edn na n\u00e1sledn\u00fa kub\u00e1nsku spolo\u010dnos\u0165 bol teda obmedzen\u00fd a prevl\u00e1dala \u0161panielska kult\u00fara<\/strong>, in\u0161tit\u00facie, jazyk a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo.<\/p>\n<p>Na Kube bolo vybudovan\u00fdch nieko\u013eko ve\u013ek\u00fdch pr\u00edstavov, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eili na prepravu tovarov do \u0160panielska a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kol\u00f3ni\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kuba sa stala <strong>v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm producentom cukru a tabaku.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Plant\u00e1\u017ee cukrovej trstiny, ktor\u00e9 <strong>vy\u017eadovali ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo pracovnej sily, viedli k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu importu otrokov zo z\u00e1padnej Afriky. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rast Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov ako nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, <strong>kolaps Haiti ako kol\u00f3nie produkuj\u00facej cukor<\/strong>, \u0161panielska ochrann\u00e1 politika a vynaliezavos\u0165 kub\u00e1nskej kreolskej obchodnej triedy, to v\u0161etko sa skombinovalo, a<strong> vyvolalo cukrov\u00fa revol\u00faciu na ostrove. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Za p\u00e1r rokov sa Kuba zmenila z ospal\u00e9ho, ned\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho ostrova na <strong>najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho producenta cukru na svete. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Otroci prich\u00e1dzali v \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om po\u010dte, cukor nahradil tabak, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo a dobytok sa stali ekonomick\u00fdmi piliermi, prosperita nahradila chudobu a pozornos\u0165 \u0160panielska nahradila zanedb\u00e1vanie.<\/p>\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do <strong>v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina Latinskej Ameriky sa rozi\u0161la so \u0160panielskom, Kuba zostala loj\u00e1lna.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Od objavenia Kuby \u0161panielskym dobyvate\u013eom Kri\u0161tofom Kolumbom v roku 1492 a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165, kub\u00e1nska hist\u00f3ria bola pozna\u010den\u00e1 koloniz\u00e1ciou, bojom za nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 a revol\u00faciami. Zdroj: ik-ptz.ru\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Povstanie proti vl\u00e1de<\/h3>\n<p>V 19. storo\u010d\u00ed sa na Kube za\u010dalo<strong> rozv\u00edja\u0165 nacionalistick\u00e1 hnutie za nez\u00e1vislos\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V roku 1868 vypuklo prv\u00e9 kub\u00e1nske povstanie proti \u0161panielskej nadvl\u00e1de.<\/p>\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r, v\u00a0roku 1898 vypukla<strong> \u0161panielsko-americk\u00e1 vojna, v ktorej Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty Americk\u00e9 pri\u0161li Kube na pomoc.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Po skon\u010den\u00ed vojny bola Kuba form\u00e1lne nez\u00e1visl\u00e1, ale<strong> stala sa protektor\u00e1tom Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Po vzniku republiky sa Kuba stala cie\u013eom zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch investorov, najm\u00e4 Ameri\u010danov, ktor\u00ed z\u00edskali kontrolu nad kub\u00e1nskou ekonomikou a politikou.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Revol\u00facia a Fidel Castro<\/h3>\n<p>To vyvolalo nespokojnos\u0165 medzi kub\u00e1nskymi ob\u010danmi a viedlo k vypuknutiu<strong> kub\u00e1nskej revol\u00facie v roku 1953, ktor\u00fa viedol Fidel Castro.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to revol\u00facia mala za cie\u013e zbavi\u0165 Kubu americk\u00e9ho vplyvu a zavies\u0165 socialistick\u00fd re\u017eim.<\/p>\n<p>Revolu\u010dn\u00e9 sily viedli povstanie proti dikt\u00e1torovi Fulgenciovi Batistovi a nakoniec prevzali moc v roku 1959.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Castro sa stal premi\u00e9rom Kuby a za\u010dal realizova\u0165 socialistick\u00e9 reformy<\/strong>, vr\u00e1tane zn\u00e1rodnenia priemyslu a p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\n<p>Jeho re\u017eim sa stal autoritat\u00edvnym, obmedzoval slobodu prejavu a politick\u00e9 pr\u00e1va ob\u010danov.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 1961 sa medzi Kubou a Spojen\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi odohrala sl\u00e1vn<strong>a inv\u00e1zia v Z\u00e1live sv\u00ed\u0148, ktor\u00e1 mala za cie\u013e zvrhn\u00fa\u0165 Castrovo vedenie.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Inv\u00e1zia v\u0161ak zlyhala a posilnila Castrovu moc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Fidel Castro. Zdroj: hnonline.sk\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to udalos\u0165 e\u0161te viac zhor\u0161ila vz\u0165ahy medzi Kubou a Spojen\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi, \u010do viedlo k obchodn\u00e9mu a diplomatick\u00e9mu embargu, ktor\u00e9 trv\u00e1 dodnes.<\/p>\n<p>Po rozpade Sovietskeho zv\u00e4zu v roku 1991, ktor\u00fd bol dlhodob\u00fdm spojencom Kuby, krajina pre\u0161la <strong>\u0165a\u017ekou hospod\u00e1rskou kr\u00edzou. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Napriek tomu si kub\u00e1nsky re\u017eim udr\u017euje <strong>pevn\u00fa kontrolu nad politick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom a obmedzovan\u00edm \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>After<strong> Fidelovej smrti v roku 2016 prevzal moc jeho brat Ra\u00fal Castro<\/strong> a postupne za\u010dal vykon\u00e1va\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rske reformy.<\/p>\n<p>V posledn\u00fdch rokoch do\u0161lo na Kube k nieko\u013ek\u00fdm mal\u00fdm reform\u00e1m, ako je<strong> povolenie s\u00fakromn\u00e9ho podnikania<\/strong> a uvo\u013enenie cestovn\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 2018 bol Ra\u00fal Castro nahraden\u00fd <strong>Miguelom D\u00edaz-Canelom, ktor\u00fd sa stal nov\u00fdm prezidentom Kuby. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak, aj napriek niektor\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m, zost\u00e1va Kuba v podstate<strong> socialistickou krajinou so siln\u00fdm vplyvom \u0161t\u00e1tnej kontroly.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kuba, karibsk\u00fd ostrov pln\u00fd \u017eivota a kult\u00fary, m\u00e1 bohat\u00fa hist\u00f3riu, ktor\u00e1 siaha hlboko do \u010dias pred pr\u00edchodom eur\u00f3pskych dobyvate\u013eov. Pred pr\u00edchodom Eur\u00f3panov na Kubu, ju<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8364"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8364\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}