{"id":8365,"date":"2023-07-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-11T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/umela-inteligencia-v-zdravotnictve\/"},"modified":"2023-07-12T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-11T23:00:00","slug":"umela-inteligencia-v-zdravotnictve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/umela-inteligencia-v-zdravotnictve\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie v zdravotn\u00edctve: Umel\u00e1 inteligencia \u010di virtu\u00e1lna realita m\u00f4\u017eu zachra\u0148ova\u0165 \u017eivoty"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u00fdchly pokrok v oblasti vedy a technol\u00f3gie zasahuje do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho odvetvia \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, vr\u00e1tane zdravotn\u00edctva. V\u010faka nov\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m vznik\u00e1 n\u00e1dej, \u017ee lek\u00e1ri z\u00edskaj\u00fa sp\u00f4sob ako pom\u00f4c\u0165 pacientom, ktor\u00fdch tr\u00e1pia doteraz nelie\u010dite\u013en\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mnoho z t\u00fdchto technol\u00f3gi\u00ed pritom v\u00f4bec nie s\u00fa nov\u00e9. V in\u00fdch odvetviach existuj\u00fa v nejakej forme u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov, no a\u017e teraz zis\u0165ujeme ich potenci\u00e1l pri diagnostike, starostlivosti alebo lie\u010dbe pacientov.<\/p>\n

Najspom\u00ednanej\u0161ou technol\u00f3giu posledn\u00fdch mesiacov je ur\u010dite umel\u00e1 inteligencia. Vedci na americkej University of Texas v meste Austin vytvorili technol\u00f3giu, ktor\u00fa nesk\u00f4r pou\u017eili \u0161vaj\u010diarski lek\u00e1ri pri lie\u010dbe paralyzovan\u00e9ho mu\u017ea.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0voz\u00edku op\u00e4\u0165 na nohy<\/h3>\n

V roku 2011 sa D\u00e1novi Gert-Jan Oskamovi stala nehoda na motorke, pri ktorej si zlomil krk. N\u00e1sledkom tohto zranenia ochrnul a stratil cit od p\u00e1sa ni\u017e\u0161ie, kv\u00f4li \u010domu pri\u0161iel aj o mo\u017enos\u0165 pohybova\u0165 sa pomocou spodn\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Lek\u00e1ri vo \u0160vaj\u010diarsku vyu\u017eili technol\u00f3giu, ktor\u00fa vytvorili u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00ed americk\u00ed vedci. T\u00ed pri\u0161li s\u00a0umelou inteligenciou, ktor\u00e1 sa dok\u00e1\u017ee nau\u010di\u0165 rozdiel medzi elektrick\u00fdmi impulzami, ktor\u00e9 mozog vytv\u00e1ra.<\/strong> Takto dok\u00e1zali rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165, kedy sa sna\u017eil pohn\u00fa\u0165 \u010dlenkom a\u00a0kedy bedrov\u00fdm k\u013abom, informuje New York Times.<\/p>\n \u013dudia so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm nemusia ma\u0165 hor\u0161iu kvalitu \u017eivota. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@elevatebeer\n

Av\u0161ak na to, aby dok\u00e1zal pohybova\u0165 kon\u010datinami, musel podst\u00fapi\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie oper\u00e1cie. Lek\u00e1ri mu do chrbtice zaviedli ich nov\u00e9 zariadenie \u2013 rozhranie mozgu a chrbtice. \u0160peci\u00e1lna \u201eprilba\u201c sn\u00edma jeho mozgov\u00fa aktivitu, t\u00fa \u010falej posiela do extern\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. Pr\u00e1ve tu s\u00fa jeho my\u0161lienky roz\u0161ifrovan\u00e9 a poslan\u00e9 do zariadenia v chrbtici, ktor\u00e9 posiela elektrick\u00e9 impulzy do n\u00f4h<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd bol 12 rokov na voz\u00edku, z\u00edskal v\u010faka pokroku vo vede a\u00a0technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch nov\u00fa \u0161ancu na \u017eivot bez invalidn\u00e9ho voz\u00edka. Dokonca sa po t\u00fdchto z\u00e1krokoch dok\u00e1\u017ee pohybova\u0165 s\u00a0chodidlami aj bez toho, aby bolo zariadenie zapnut\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ie vyu\u017eitia umelej inteligencie<\/h3>\n

Novodob\u00fd fenom\u00e9n vie efekt\u00edvne spracova\u0165 obrovsk\u00fd po\u010det d\u00e1t. Vedci a lek\u00e1ri sa ho preto sna\u017eia implementova\u0165 do procesu objavovania rakovinov\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov<\/strong>. Po\u010das jedn\u00e9ho vy\u0161etrenia magnetickou rezonanciou vznikn\u00fa tis\u00edce obr\u00e1zkov, ktor\u00e9 musia by\u0165 skontrolovan\u00e9 lek\u00e1rom.<\/p>\n

Port\u00e1l The Guardian informuje, \u017ee tomuto z\u00e1kern\u00e9mu ochoreniu pod\u013eahne ka\u017ed\u00fd rok pribli\u017ene 10 mili\u00f3nov<\/strong>. V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch by sa dalo \u00famrtiu pacienta pred\u00eds\u0165, no hlavn\u00fa rolu pri lie\u010dbe zohr\u00e1va pr\u00e1ve skor\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve s\u00a0t\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 model umelej inteligencie od odborn\u00edkov z britskej nad\u00e1cie Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Ten zvl\u00e1dol presne identifikova\u0165 rakovinov\u00e9 uzliny v\u00a0oblasti p\u013e\u00fac<\/strong>, o\u00a0\u010dom sme v\u00e1s informovali v na\u0161om\u00a0predo\u0161lom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n Interakt\u00edvna forma v\u00fdu\u010dby m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k lep\u0161iemu pochopeniu u\u010diva. Zdroj: pexels.com\/@rethaferguson\/\n

\u0160kola hrou<\/h3>\n

Technologick\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti sa pok\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa prinies\u0165 virtu\u00e1lnu a argumentovan\u00fa realitu k be\u017en\u00fdm \u013eudom u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov<\/strong>. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Google sa sna\u017eila od\u0161tartova\u0165 revol\u00faciu v pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed argumentovanej reality pomocou ich okuliarov nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t, no v\u017edy ne\u00faspe\u0161ne, p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l Ars Technica.<\/p>\n

Virtu\u00e1lna technol\u00f3gia z\u00edskala na popularite hlavne medzi hr\u00e1\u010dmi, ktor\u00ed sa chceli e\u0161te viac v\u017ei\u0165 do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch hier. Av\u0161ak okrem z\u00e1bavy sa m\u00f4\u017ee t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia pou\u017ei\u0165 aj pri vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0160tudentom medic\u00edny m\u00f4\u017ee t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri pozn\u00e1van\u00ed anat\u00f3mie \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela<\/strong>. V\u010faka tejto technol\u00f3gii si m\u00f4\u017eu podrobne pozrie\u0165 cel\u00e9 telo. Spolieha\u0165 sa tak nemusia len na u\u010debnice a knihy.<\/p>\n

Port\u00e1l Health News uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee aktu\u00e1lne s\u00fa vo svete dostupn\u00e9 a\u017e 4 programy, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm si chirurgovia m\u00f4\u017eu vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 z\u00e1kroky<\/strong>. To dok\u00e1\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pri zlo\u017eit\u00fdch z\u00e1krokoch, preto\u017ee pacient je vystaven\u00fd men\u0161iemu riziku po\u010das oper\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Lie\u010dba v\u00a0kontrolovanom prostred\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Prv\u00e1 psychologick\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia zahr\u0148uj\u00faca virtu\u00e1lnu realitu sa odohrala e\u0161te v minulom storo\u010d\u00ed. Tu viedla psychologi\u010dka Barbara Rothbaum a bola vykonan\u00e1 na 17 \u0161tudentoch. Po\u010das siedmich t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och sa pravidelne pren\u00e1\u0161ali do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom simulovan\u00e9ho sveta, kde za\u017e\u00edvali r\u00f4zne prostredia a\u00a0prekon\u00e1vali svoje strachy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Chris Clock, vtedaj\u0161\u00ed \u0161tudent univerzity Georgia Institute of Technology, sa pozeral z balk\u00f3na na 20 poschod\u00ed, prech\u00e1dzal sa po \u00fazkych most\u00edkoch, ktor\u00e9 boli zavesen\u00e9 nad vodou alebo sa vyviezol sklenen\u00fdm v\u00fd\u0165ahom na 49. poschodie, <\/strong>a to v\u0161etko bez opustenia bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho prostredia ordin\u00e1cie, informuje Smithsonian Magazine.<\/p>\n

Klinick\u00fd psychol\u00f3g Daniel Freeman z Oxfordskej Univerzity hovor\u00ed, \u017ee jednou z bari\u00e9r, ktor\u00e1 sa vyskytuje pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed virtu\u00e1lnej reality v psychologickej praxi je to, \u017ee terapeuti ju pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa len ako pom\u00f4cku. \u010ealej uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee mnoho pacientov jednoducho nem\u00e1 pr\u00edstup k\u00a0profesion\u00e1lovi alebo jeho slu\u017eby nevyh\u013eadaj\u00fa kv\u00f4li strachu zo stigmy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n V\u010faka virtu\u00e1lnej realite si m\u00f4\u017eete vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 r\u00f4zne situ\u00e1cie. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@stella_jacob\n

Aj preto sa sna\u017e\u00ed vyvin\u00fa\u0165 sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm poskytn\u00fa\u0165 terapiu bez toho, aby museli nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 odborn\u00edka. Jeho projekt gameChange bol testovan\u00fd a sna\u017eili sa pom\u00f4c\u0165 pacientom s agoraf\u00f3biou<\/strong>. Webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka Ligy za du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee ide o \u00fazkostn\u00fa poruchu, ktor\u00e1 sa prejavuje siln\u00fdm strachom z verejn\u00fdch priestranstiev.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00fdto pacienti sa kv\u00f4li tejto diagn\u00f3ze izoluj\u00fa vo svojej dom\u00e1cnosti, preto\u017ee okolit\u00fd svet ich des\u00ed. Maj\u00fa strach zo situ\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu nasta\u0165 pri jazde autobusom alebo prech\u00e1dzan\u00ed sa po mestskom n\u00e1mest\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201egameChange terapia mi zmenila \u017eivot. V\u010faka nej som bol schopn\u00fd nast\u00fapi\u0165 do autobusu a\u00a0mohol som nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 hrob svojho otca. Viac si ver\u00edm a\u00a0c\u00edtim sa by\u0165 sebavedomej\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0spolo\u010dnosti in\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed,\u201c povedal jeden z\u00a0346 pacientov z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch na terapii virtu\u00e1lnou realitou.<\/p>\n

Aj ke\u010f prvotne sa pok\u00fa\u0161ali virtu\u00e1lnou realitou lie\u010di\u0165 iba \u00fazkostn\u00fa poruchu, nesk\u00f4r sa o\u00a0to pok\u00fasili aj pri pacientoch s\u00a0depresiou, z\u00e1vislos\u0165ou, autizmom \u010di Alzheimerovou poruchou<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00fdchly pokrok v oblasti vedy a technol\u00f3gie zasahuje do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho odvetvia \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, vr\u00e1tane zdravotn\u00edctva. V\u010faka nov\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m vznik\u00e1 n\u00e1dej, \u017ee lek\u00e1ri z\u00edskaj\u00fa sp\u00f4sob ako<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8365"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8365\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}