{"id":8374,"date":"2023-07-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/roboty-a-spolocnost\/"},"modified":"2023-07-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-16T23:00:00","slug":"roboty-a-spolocnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/roboty-a-spolocnost\/","title":{"rendered":"Od vys\u00e1va\u010dov k samostane zm\u00fd\u0161laj\u00facim strojom: S\u00fa roboty nato\u013eko vyvinut\u00e9, aby nahradili \u013eud\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>U\u017e viac ne\u017e pred 100 rokmi \u010desk\u00fd autor Karel \u010capek spomenul v jeho azda najzn\u00e1mej\u0161om diele slovo \u201crobot\u201d. <strong>To, \u010do sa v minulom storo\u010d\u00ed pova\u017eovalo za technologicky nemo\u017en\u00e9 a\u00a0sci-fi, sa dnes \u010doraz viac pribli\u017euje k realite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Henry Ford sa stal revolucion\u00e1rom vo v\u00fdrobe a\u00a0predaji automobilov. Svojou automatizovanou v\u00fdrobnou linkou dok\u00e1zal skr\u00e1ti\u0165 v\u00fdrobn\u00fd \u010das, v\u010faka \u010domu mohol zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 predajn\u00fa cenu auta Ford model T. <strong>Ke\u010f\u017ee automobily neboli dom\u00e9nou iba najbohat\u0161\u00edch, dok\u00e1zal preda\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo<\/strong>, a\u00a0tak zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 zisk svojej spolo\u010dnosti &#8211; Ford Motor Company.<\/p>\n<p>Technol\u00f3gie maj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l zlep\u0161ova\u0165 pracovn\u00e9 podmienky, ale aj \u010fal\u0161ie \u010dasti \u013eudsk\u00fdch \u017eivotov. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade Fordov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov i\u0161lo o\u00a0<strong>skr\u00e1tenie pracovn\u00e9ho t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a zo\u00a0\u0161iestich na p\u00e4\u0165 dn\u00ed a\u00a0zavedenie osemhodinovej pracovnej zmeny<\/strong>. Okrem toho, \u017ee mali viac vo\u013en\u00e9ho \u010dasu, odmena za odpracovan\u00fd de\u0148 bola takmer dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 oproti konkurencii, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l History.com.<\/p>\n V automobilovom priemysle sa pou\u017e\u00edva dokopy a\u017e mili\u00f3n robotov. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@lennykuhne\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 my\u0161lienka jeho automatickej linky sa pou\u017e\u00edva dodnes, no je podstatne efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ia.<\/strong> Priemyseln\u00e9 roboty sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v tov\u00e1r\u0148ach, kde nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u013eudsk\u00fa pr\u00e1cu a dok\u00e1\u017eu pracova\u0165 s r\u00f4znymi materi\u00e1lmi, zv\u00e1ra\u0165 \u010di zlo\u017ei\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 komponenty dokopy, informuje port\u00e1l Robotics Career.<\/p>\n<p>Vyu\u017eitie n\u00e1jdu v\u00a0ka\u017edom procese v\u00fdroby vozidiel, no v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa bez \u013eud\u00ed nezaob\u00eddu. <strong>Zamestnanci sa venuj\u00fa programovaniu t\u00fdchto robotov, aby vykon\u00e1vali ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dinnosti alebo ich kon\u0161trukcii a\u00a0\u00fadr\u017ebe.<\/strong> Av\u0161ak s\u00a0pr\u00edchodom umelej inteligencie sa to m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165, preto\u017ee aj tieto \u010dinnosti by v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti mohli vykon\u00e1va\u0165 inteligentn\u00e9 stroje.<\/p>\n<h3>Mobilita, robotika a\u00a0umel\u00e1 inteligencia<\/h3>\n<p>Aj v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa ve\u013ek\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 pokroky dej\u00fa pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0automobilovom priemysle. E\u0161te v\u00a0roku 2021 automobilov\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Hyundai odk\u00fapila v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inov\u00fd podiel spolo\u010dnosti <strong>Boston Dynamics &#8211; zaoberaj\u00facou sa robotmi a\u00a0robotikou<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;<em>Mo\u017eno sa \u010dudujete, pre\u010do chce ma\u0165 v\u00fdrobca automobilov nie\u010do spolo\u010dn\u00e9 s robotikou. V\u00fdrobcovia automobilov toti\u017e tr\u00e1via ve\u013ea \u010dasu rozpr\u00e1van\u00edm o mobilite a t\u00e1to vec je dos\u0165 mobiln\u00e1,\u201c<\/em> povedal vo videu firmy Hyundai Trent Nikolic z port\u00e1lu Drive.com.au o modely robota Spot od Boston Dynamics.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spot je mal\u00fd, \u017elt\u00fd a \u0161tvornoh\u00fd robot<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017eete ovl\u00e1da\u0165 pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lneho ovl\u00e1da\u010da, pr\u00edpadne m\u00f4\u017ee vykon\u00e1va\u0165 prednastaven\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Boston Dynamics na svojej webovej str\u00e1nke p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee vyu\u017eitie nach\u00e1dza vo viacer\u00fdch sektoroch \u2013 v stavebn\u00edctve, \u0165a\u017ebe nerastn\u00fdch surov\u00edn alebo dozeran\u00ed na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PTaPEkIGjLQ\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Minul\u00fd rok v\u0161ak vznikol Boston Dynamics AI Institute, ktor\u00fd chce pracova\u0165 na v\u00fdvoji kognit\u00edvnej a \u0161portovej umelej inteligencii. Okrem toho ich cie\u013eom je sa venova\u0165 aj <strong>etike a politike robotov s umelou inteligenciou<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l The Robot Report.<\/p>\n<h3>Roboty vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v praxi<\/h3>\n<p>Okrem priemyseln\u00fdch robotov existuje aj mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch druhov, ktor\u00ed nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa vyu\u017eitie v\u00a0r\u00f4znych sektoroch. Ako informuje Forbes, jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0nich je aj don\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd robot od spolo\u010dnosti Starship.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1 pon\u00faka rozvoz jed\u00e1l z\u00a0re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00ed alebo potrav\u00edn zo supermarketov na nieko\u013ek\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch v\u00a0Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch americk\u00fdch a\u00a0Spojenom kr\u00e1\u013eovstve, no pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa dosta\u0165 ich slu\u017eby aj do Eur\u00f3py. Gener\u00e1lny riadite\u013e Alastair Westgarth v\u00a0roku 2021 povedal, \u017ee ich <strong>roboty dokopy pre\u0161li 3,6 mili\u00f3na kilometrov a\u00a0doru\u010dili 2 mili\u00f3ny objedn\u00e1vok<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0zdravotn\u00edckom sektore sa sna\u017eia zav\u00e1dza\u0165 robotov, aby sa predi\u0161lo ch\u00fdbam, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zapr\u00ed\u010dinen\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00fdm faktorom. Aj ten najsk\u00fasenej\u0161\u00ed chirurg sa m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00fdli\u0165, prostredn\u00edctvom \u010doho m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k\u00a0ne\u0161\u0165astiu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prec\u00edzny robot zvl\u00e1dol ne\u013eahk\u00fa oper\u00e1ciu mozgu, ktor\u00fa by lek\u00e1r vykon\u00e1val a\u017e 2 hodiny za zlomok tohto \u010dasu<\/strong>. Vyu\u017eil pritom d\u00e1ta z\u00a0tomografie (pozn. redakcie CT sken), aby sa vyhol nervom a\u00a0\u017eil\u00e1m. Cel\u00e1 oper\u00e1cia trvala iba 2 a\u00a0pol min\u00faty, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Startitup.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozruchy v spolo\u010dnosti<\/h3>\n<p>S\u00a0pr\u00edchodom umelej inteligencie sa v\u00a0spolo\u010dnosti za\u010dali vyskytova\u0165 obavy z\u00a0riz\u00edk, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia prinies\u0165. \u013dudia sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee ich pracovn\u00fa poz\u00edciu nahrad\u00ed model umelej inteligencie, o\u00a0\u010dom sme v\u00e1s informovali v\u00a0na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Av\u0161ak na pracovn\u00e9 poz\u00edcie, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa ru\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu je umel\u00e1 inteligencia prikr\u00e1tka<\/strong>. To v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed plati\u0165 dlhodobo, preto\u017ee je len ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasu, kedy nejakej forme umelej inteligencie bude poskytnut\u00e9 robotick\u00e9 telo.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0takom pr\u00edpade bude \u013eudstvo musie\u0165 vytvori\u0165 jasn\u00fa etiku a\u00a0pravidl\u00e1 pre inteligentn\u00e9 stroje. Autor sci-fi literat\u00fary Isaac Asimov sformuloval tri z\u00e1kony robotiky e\u0161te v\u00a0minulom storo\u010d\u00ed, <strong>no tie u\u017e nemusia by\u0165 aktu\u00e1lne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a Britsk\u00e1 akad\u00e9mia navrhuj\u00fa, \u017ee by sa mal <strong>vytvori\u0165 iba jeden jednoduch\u00fd z\u00e1kon<\/strong> a mal by znie\u0165 takto: &#8222;\u013dudstvo mus\u00ed prekvita\u0165&#8220;, informuje port\u00e1l Nextech.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto technol\u00f3gie nie s\u00fa dokonal\u00e9 a e\u0161te nejak\u00fd \u010das potrv\u00e1, k\u00fdm bud\u00fa. <strong>Dovtedy mus\u00ed \u013eudstvo n\u00e1js\u0165 a vyrie\u0161i\u0165 v\u0161etky etick\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vne probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 by sa mohli s ich pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm objavi\u0165.<\/strong> Iba v tom pr\u00edpade d\u00f4jde k \u00fapln\u00e9mu prijatiu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inovou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou, tak ako tomu je pri mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame denne.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>U\u017e viac ne\u017e pred 100 rokmi \u010desk\u00fd autor Karel \u010capek spomenul v jeho azda najzn\u00e1mej\u0161om diele slovo \u201crobot\u201d. To, \u010do sa v minulom storo\u010d\u00ed pova\u017eovalo<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8374"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8374\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}