{"id":8389,"date":"2023-07-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/geneticke-modifikacie\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T23:00:00","slug":"geneticke-modifikacie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/geneticke-modifikacie\/","title":{"rendered":"Genetick\u00e9 modifik\u00e1cie: Novodob\u00e1 veda m\u00f4\u017ee transformova\u0165 bud\u00facnos\u0165 potrav\u00edn a medic\u00edny"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mo\u017eno ste zaznamenali na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach pr\u00edspevky, ktor\u00e9 sa t\u00fdkali genetick\u00fdch modifikovan\u00fdch organizmov, alebo inak povedan\u00e9 GMO. Niektor\u00ed \u013eud\u00ed poci\u0165uj\u00fa strach z\u00a0takto upraven\u00fdch potrav\u00edn. <strong>Ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa najm\u00e4 ohrozenia ich zdravia, ale aj o\u00a0biodiverzitu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u0161t\u00fadia zameran\u00e1 na geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 potraviny tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee obavy s\u00fa neopodstatnen\u00e9<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea ich zisten\u00ed GMO nielen\u017ee ne\u0161kod\u00ed pr\u00edrode, no dokonca pom\u00e1ha zni\u017eova\u0165 mno\u017estvo pou\u017eit\u00fdch pestic\u00eddov, p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l Veda na dosah.<\/p>\n<p>Len\u017ee ako informuje Teraz.sk, Slovensk\u00fd zv\u00e4z v\u010del\u00e1rov odmieta deregul\u00e1ciu GMO, respekt\u00edve nov\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch techn\u00edk Eur\u00f3pskou komisiou. Tvrdia, \u017ee neprebehol \u017eiaden v\u00fdskum, <strong>ktor\u00fd by pozoroval interakciu medzi geneticky modifikovan\u00fdmi rastlinami a v\u010delami, \u010di in\u00fdmi ope\u013eova\u010dmi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ani t\u00e1to t\u00e9ma sa v\u0161ak nezaobi\u0161la bez mnoh\u00fdch <strong>kon\u0161pira\u010dn\u00fdch \u010di dezinforma\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkoch na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach<\/strong>. Jeden z nich uv\u00e1dzal \u00fadajn\u00fd zoznam v\u00fdrobcov, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa GMO vo svojich v\u00fdrobkoch. Na tento hoax upozornil port\u00e1l Manipul\u00e1to\u0159i.<\/p>\n<p>V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee si chcete pozrie\u0165, ktor\u00e9 geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 potraviny s\u00fa pestovan\u00e9 na \u00fazem\u00ed Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, pou\u017eite ofici\u00e1lny register E\u00da pre autorizovan\u00e9 GMO. <strong>V\u00fdrobcovia potrav\u00edn alebo krm\u00edv musia uvies\u0165 na obale v\u00fdrobku<\/strong>, \u017ee bol vyroben\u00fd z geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch surov\u00edn, ak ho chc\u00fa pred\u00e1va\u0165 v na\u0161ich obchodoch.<\/p>\n S\u00f3jou bez GMO m\u00e1me na v\u00fdchodnom Slovensku posiatych a\u017e 43000 hekt\u00e1rov. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@kellysikkema\n<h3>Tis\u00edcro\u010dia genetick\u00fdch modifik\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed si neuvedomuje, \u017ee zvierat\u00e1 a\u00a0rastliny, <strong>ktor\u00e9 dnes pozn\u00e1me \u010di konzumujeme s\u00fa v\u00fdsledkom genetick\u00fdch modifik\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/strong>. Ako uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Science Media Center, jednou z\u00a0foriem t\u00fdchto \u00faprav je selekt\u00edvne kr\u00ed\u017eenie.<\/p>\n<p>Ide o\u00a0met\u00f3du, kedy sa nezasahuje do genetick\u00e9ho k\u00f3du \u017eivo\u010d\u00edcha. <strong>Spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0tom, \u017ee organizmy, ktor\u00e9 produkuj\u00fa viac potravy alebo surov\u00edn, s\u00fa p\u00e1rene dokopy<\/strong>. V\u00fdsledkom je potomok, ktor\u00fd zdedil prospe\u0161n\u00e9 vlastnosti svojich predkov. Niekdaj\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia to robili aj bez toho, aby vedeli o\u00a0g\u00e9noch, genetike alebo DNA.<\/p>\n<p>Spravodajsk\u00fd port\u00e1l Aktuality.sk informuje o nieko\u013ek\u00fdch druhoch zeleniny a ovocia, ktor\u00e9 sa postupne zmenili, prostredn\u00edctvom tejto met\u00f3dy. Medzi nich patr\u00ed vodn\u00fd mel\u00f3n, mrkva, broskyne, bakla\u017e\u00e1ny \u010di ban\u00e1ny. Rovnako boli vy\u0161\u013eachten\u00e9 plemen\u00e1 psov. O t\u00fdch najzvl\u00e1\u0161tnej\u0161\u00edch sa do\u010d\u00edtate v na\u0161om predo\u0161lom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<h3>Geneticky upraven\u00ed \u013eudia<\/h3>\n<p>Dnes u\u017e mnoho vec\u00ed zo sci-fi literat\u00fary sa st\u00e1va realitou, s ktorou sa budeme musie\u0165 nau\u010di\u0165 \u017ei\u0165. Jednou z nich je upravovanie genetick\u00e9ho k\u00f3du rastl\u00edn alebo \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. <strong>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa tento proces uskuto\u010d\u0148uje technol\u00f3giou s n\u00e1zvom CRISPR-Cas9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u010faka nej dok\u00e1\u017eu vedci upravova\u0165 DNA organizmov tak, aby ich napr\u00edklad urobili odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di ochoreniam. <strong>T\u00edm vedcov v \u010c\u00edne sa pok\u00fasil spravi\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00e9 b\u00e1b\u00e4tk\u00e1 im\u00fanne vo\u010di v\u00edrusy HIV<\/strong>, teda aj ochoreniu AIDS, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Newscientist. Dvoji\u010dk\u00e1m odstr\u00e1nili jeden prote\u00edn, v\u010faka \u010domu sa mali sta\u0165 im\u00fanne.<\/p>\n Tak\u00fdto experiment nie je v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch povolen\u00fd. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@sangharsh_l\n<p>Av\u0161ak tento krok sa nestretol s pochopen\u00edm, ke\u010f\u017ee niektor\u00ed vedci nazvali tento experiment \u201epriskor\u00fd\u201c a \u201eeticky problematick\u00fd\u201c. Ako p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l Science.org, podobn\u00e9 pokusy sa v \u010c\u00edne u\u017e udiali, no v\u017edy upravovali g\u00e9ny takzvan\u00fdch somatick\u00fdch buniek. <strong>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee t\u00e1to zmena sa nedok\u00e1\u017ee prenies\u0165 na potomkov.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S pr\u00edchodom technol\u00f3gie CRISPR-Cas9\u00a0 sa za\u010dalo hovori\u0165 aj o <strong>dizajnov\u00fdch de\u0165och<\/strong>. Rodi\u010dia by takto z\u00edskali mo\u017enos\u0165 zvoli\u0165 si farbu o\u010d\u00ed, \u010di vlasov svojich det\u00ed. To v\u0161ak v najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch rokoch nebude mo\u017en\u00e9, preto\u017ee ide o citliv\u00fa t\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fa mnoh\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00fa za etick\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<h3>Etick\u00e9 a\u00a0in\u00e9 probl\u00e9my<\/h3>\n<p>Genetick\u00e9 modifik\u00e1cie zvierat, rastl\u00edn, \u010di dokonca \u013eud\u00ed sa m\u00f4\u017eu zda\u0165 za neetick\u00e9. <strong>Av\u0161ak dodnes existuj\u00fa skupiny \u010di spolo\u010denstv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 nes\u00fahlasia s\u00a0in\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami \u010di z\u00e1krokmi.<\/strong> Dodnes m\u00e1 r\u00edmskokatol\u00edcka cirkev mor\u00e1lny probl\u00e9m s\u00a0umel\u00fdm oplodnen\u00edm, a\u00a0to aj napriek tomu, \u017ee pom\u00e1ha tis\u00edcom \u013eudom po\u010da\u0165 die\u0165a.<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zky mor\u00e1lky v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eeme za\u010da\u0165 rie\u0161i\u0165 a\u017e vtedy, ke\u010f si budeme ist\u00fd, \u017ee tak\u00e1to proced\u00fara nesp\u00f4sob\u00ed viac \u0161k\u00f4d ne\u017e \u00fa\u017eitku. Port\u00e1l Fontech v\u0161ak informoval, \u017ee genetick\u00fdm modifikovan\u00edm buniek m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k destabiliz\u00e1ciu gen\u00f3mu, <strong>\u010do m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 za d\u00f4sledok vznik rakoviny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Av\u0161ak v roku 2017 v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch americk\u00fdch poradn\u00e1 skupina vytvoren\u00e1 z National Academy of Sciences a National Academy of Medicine v z\u00e1sade schv\u00e1lila edit\u00e1ciu g\u00e9nov<\/strong>, ale s podmienkou, \u017ee sa bude pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 len na rie\u0161enie z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed a zdravotn\u00fdch postihnut\u00ed, a to len v pr\u00edpade, ke\u010f neexistuje rozumn\u00e1 alternat\u00edva, p\u00ed\u0161e New York Times.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etky pozit\u00edva, negat\u00edva a\u00a0hroby, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu genetick\u00e9 modifik\u00e1cie sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 dok\u00e1\u017eeme odhali\u0165 len dostato\u010dn\u00fdm vedeck\u00fdm v\u00fdskumom. Dovtedy si v\u0161ak mus\u00edme uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee v\u0161etko \u017eiv\u00e9 je v\u00fdsledkom najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho genetick\u00e9ho experimentu \u2013 <strong>evol\u00facie<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mo\u017eno ste zaznamenali na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach pr\u00edspevky, ktor\u00e9 sa t\u00fdkali genetick\u00fdch modifikovan\u00fdch organizmov, alebo inak povedan\u00e9 GMO. Niektor\u00ed \u013eud\u00ed poci\u0165uj\u00fa strach z\u00a0takto upraven\u00fdch potrav\u00edn. Ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8389"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8389\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}