{"id":8429,"date":"2023-08-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/menstruacia\/"},"modified":"2023-08-16T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T23:00:00","slug":"menstruacia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/menstruacia\/","title":{"rendered":"Mnoh\u00e9 krajiny zda\u0148uj\u00fa men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9 pom\u00f4cky ako alkohol a tabakov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, prispieva to k men\u0161trua\u010dnej chudobe"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00edce spolo\u010dnos\u0165 neust\u00e1le napreduje, men\u0161tru\u00e1cia sa na\u010falej rad\u00ed k t\u00e9mam, ktor\u00e9 sa javia ako obrovsk\u00e9 tabu. Prispieva k tomu aj nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 sexu\u00e1lna v\u00fdchova na \u0161kol\u00e1ch<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 v dospievaj\u00facich umoc\u0148uje pocit, \u017ee ide o nie\u010do ch\u00falostiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klade toho sa mnoho diev\u010dat hanb\u00ed za to, \u017ee dostali men\u0161tru\u00e1ciu, pri\u010dom ide o be\u017en\u00fa z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165 \u017eensk\u00e9ho pohlavia. Tabuizovanie v\u0161ak nekon\u010d\u00ed ani v neskor\u0161om veku, nako\u013eko viac ako 53 % \u017eien si rad\u0161ej vymysl\u00ed chr\u00edpku, ne\u017e aby si vzali vo\u013eno v pr\u00e1ci kv\u00f4li tomu, \u017ee men\u0161truuj\u00fa<\/strong>, p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l Refresher.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa k t\u00fdmto pocitom hanby prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne m\u00fdty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa uv\u00e1dzan\u00e9 aj v r\u00f4znych \u017eensk\u00fdch \u010dasopisoch. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie k n\u00edm patria povery v podobe toho, \u017ee \u017eena nem\u00f4\u017ee po\u010das cyklu otehotnie\u0165<\/strong> alebo \u00eds\u0165 si zapl\u00e1va\u0165. Ako v\u0161ak uv\u00e1dza denn\u00edk SME, ide o poznatky, ktor\u00e9 spojili nespr\u00e1vne vedeck\u00e9 z\u00e1very \u010di popul\u00e1rne predstavy.<\/p>\n

Boj proti men\u0161trua\u010dnej chudobe<\/h3>\n

S\u00edce sa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 stavia k men\u0161tru\u00e1cii, antikoncepcii a pohlavn\u00e9mu zdraviu viac otvorene, star\u0161ie gener\u00e1cie dan\u00e9 t\u00e9my st\u00e1le pova\u017euj\u00fa za tie, ktor\u00e9 by mali by\u0165 na verejnosti preml\u010dan\u00e9. Na z\u00e1klade toho vznikaj\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne probl\u00e9my<\/strong>, \u010di u\u017e v podobe nechcen\u00e9ho tehotenstva alebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho po\u010dtu pohlavne prenosn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdnimku netvor\u00ed ani men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e1 chudoba<\/strong>, ktorej by sa dalo pred\u00eds\u0165 s bezplatn\u00fdm zaveden\u00edm men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok. Av\u0161ak aj cez to ich mnoh\u00e9 eur\u00f3pske krajiny zda\u0148uj\u00fa rovnako ako alkohol a tabakov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, informuje port\u00e1l tvnoviny.sk. Na z\u00e1klade toho sa anal\u00fdza organiz\u00e1cie Civio zaoberala t\u00fdm, do akej v\u00fd\u0161ky je zaveden\u00e1 da\u0148 \u017eensk\u00fdch hygienick\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok vo svete. V pr\u00edpade Slovenska ide o 20 % da\u0148, pri\u010dom niektor\u00e9 krajiny uveden\u00fa hodnotu presahuj\u00fa. Patria k n\u00edm Ma\u010farsko, Chorv\u00e1tsko, \u0160vaj\u010diarsko a D\u00e1nsko.<\/p>\n Mnoh\u00e9 \u017eeny sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00fa po\u010das men\u0161tru\u00e1cie siln\u00e9 bolesti. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

Niektor\u00e9 krajiny sa naopak vydali cestou postupn\u00e9ho zni\u017eovania sadzby dane. V pr\u00edpade Franc\u00fazska ide len o 5,5 percentn\u00fa da\u0148.<\/strong> K zn\u00ed\u017eenej sadzbe sa pridali aj \u0160panielsko, Gr\u00e9cko a Rak\u00fasko.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty prist\u00fapili k \u00fapln\u00e9mu oslobodeniu od dane, pri\u010dom z eur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn k n\u00edm patr\u00ed \u00cdrsko.<\/strong> Pokia\u013e sa pozrieme na ostatn\u00e9 krajiny, dominuj\u00fa medzi nimi Austr\u00e1lia, Kanada \u010di Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tabu v\u0161ak netvoria ani bezplatn\u00e9 men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9 pom\u00f4cky,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 zaviedlo mesto New York na \u0161kol\u00e1ch, vo v\u00e4zniciach a v \u00fatulkoch pre \u013eud\u00ed bez domova. Podobn\u00e9 opatrenie mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 aj v \u0160k\u00f3tsku, ktor\u00e9 sa vz\u0165ahuje na v\u0161etky \u0161koly. Dan\u00fd fenom\u00e9n sa rozv\u00edja aj na Slovensku, konkr\u00e9tne v Banskobystrickom kraji, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Pravda. N\u00e1pad avizoval podpredseda Banskobystrick\u00e9ho samospr\u00e1vneho kraja Ondrej Lunter, pri\u010dom z\u00e1sobova\u0165 sa maj\u00fa budovy stredn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l.<\/p>\n

Pokrokov\u00fd z\u00e1kon v \u0160panielsku<\/h3>\n

Mnoho \u017eien po\u010das men\u0161tru\u00e1cie sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00fa siln\u00e9 k\u0155\u010de, ktor\u00e9 znepr\u00edjem\u0148uj\u00fa ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie. Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska ide o poruchu zn\u00e1mu ako dysmenorea, ktor\u00e1 sa vyzna\u010duje ako v\u00fdnimo\u010dne siln\u00e1 boles\u0165 po\u010das \u017eensk\u00fdch dn\u00ed,<\/strong> p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l Euractiv. Zo \u0161tatistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska \u0148ou trp\u00ed a\u017e 60 % \u017eenskej popul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klade toho \u0160panielsko prist\u00fapilo k nov\u00fdm z\u00e1konom v oblasti sexu\u00e1lnych a reproduk\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/strong> \u0160panielsky parlament ich schv\u00e1lil vo febru\u00e1ri tohto roka, pri\u010dom k n\u00edm patr\u00ed troj a\u017e p\u00e4\u0165d\u0148ov\u00e9 vo\u013eno po\u010das men\u0161tru\u00e1cie. Uveden\u00e1 pr\u00e1ceneschopnos\u0165 m\u00e1 by\u0165 plne hraden\u00e1 z verejn\u00e9ho poistenia.<\/p>\n V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti existuje viacero druhov men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

Legislat\u00edva \u010falej prist\u00fapila k slobodn\u00e9mu pr\u00edstupu k interrupcii od 16 rokov \u010di mo\u017enosti zmeni\u0165 svoj rod v ob\u010dianskom preukaze. Tabu netvor\u00ed ani poskytovanie bezplatnej antikoncepcie v podobe \u201etabletky po\u201c alebo zavedenie bezplatn\u00fdch \u017eensk\u00fdch hygienick\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok vo verejn\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1ch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00edce presadenie uveden\u00fdch n\u00e1vrhov sa d\u00e1 prirovna\u0165 k b\u00farliv\u00e9mu boju, \u0161panielska vl\u00e1da si je ist\u00e1, \u017ee stoj\u00ed na spr\u00e1vnej strane hist\u00f3rie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Efektivita men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok<\/h3>\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti si \u017eeny m\u00f4\u017eu vybra\u0165 medzi viacer\u00fdmi druhmi men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok. Ku klasick\u00fdm vlo\u017ek\u00e1m a tamp\u00f3nom sa pridali men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9 nohavi\u010dky, disky a kal\u00ed\u0161ky, ktor\u00e9 sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za efekt\u00edvnej\u0161iu alternat\u00edvu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klade toho vznikla prv\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia, ktorej cie\u013eom bolo porovna\u0165 absorpciu uveden\u00fdch produktov s pou\u017eit\u00edm \u013eudskej krvi,<\/strong> p\u00ed\u0161e The Guardian. Poznatky sk\u00famania m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00e1rove\u0148 pom\u00f4c\u0165 lek\u00e1rom lep\u0161ie pos\u00fadi\u0165, \u010di siln\u00e9 men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9 krv\u00e1canie mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za znak zdravotn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov, ku ktor\u00fdm patr\u00ed napr\u00edklad porucha krv\u00e1cania.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdrobcovia \u017eensk\u00fdch hygienick\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok na odhad absorpcie svojich produktov pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa fyziologick\u00fd roztok alebo vodu, av\u0161ak men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e1 krv sa jav\u00ed ako viac visk\u00f3zna. Okrem toho zah\u0155\u0148a krvn\u00e9 bunky, sekr\u00e9ty a tkanivo z endometri\u00e1lnej v\u00fdstelky, \u010do ovplyv\u0148uje sp\u00f4sob jej vstreb\u00e1vania.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mnoho mlad\u00fdch diev\u010dat po\u010das men\u0161tru\u00e1cie pre\u017e\u00edva pocity hanby. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

Zo \u0161t\u00fadie, ktorej v\u00fdsledky s\u00fa publikovan\u00e9 v BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health, vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee v priemere najviac krvi absorbovali men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9 disky,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa podobn\u00e9 kal\u00ed\u0161kom. I\u0161lo o 61 mililitrov, pri\u010dom u zna\u010dky Ziggy sa zaznamenalo a\u017e 80 ml. Z lek\u00e1rskeho h\u013eadiska strata v podobe viac ako uveden\u00e9ho mno\u017estva po\u010das cel\u00e9ho cyklu sa pova\u017euje za nadmern\u00fa stratu krvi, ktor\u00e1 si vy\u017eaduje n\u00e1v\u0161tevu odborn\u00edka.<\/p>\n

V pr\u00edpade tamp\u00f3nov, vlo\u017eiek a men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00fdch kal\u00ed\u0161kov i\u0161lo o podobn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00e1 v podobe 20 a\u017e 50 ml. Absorp\u010dn\u00e9 nohavi\u010dky vykazovali najmen\u0161ie hodnoty,<\/strong> pri\u010dom i\u0161lo v priemere len o dva mililitre.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vedeck\u00fd t\u00edm zistil nes\u00falad medzi skuto\u010dnou a uv\u00e1dzanou absorp\u010dnou kapacitou,<\/strong> nako\u013eko mnoh\u00e9 produkty uv\u00e1dzali jej vy\u0161\u0161ie hodnoty.<\/p>\n

S\u00edce v\u00fdskum poukazuje na to, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161iu mieru praktickosti pre \u017eeny so silnou men\u0161tru\u00e1ciou vykazuj\u00fa men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9 disky,<\/strong> aj cez to sa odpor\u00fa\u010da, aby sa podrobili lek\u00e1rskemu vy\u0161etreniu. Nadmern\u00e9 men\u0161trua\u010dn\u00e9 krv\u00e1canie sa m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00e1ja\u0165 s rizikom vzniku an\u00e9mie \u010di in\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00edce spolo\u010dnos\u0165 neust\u00e1le napreduje, men\u0161tru\u00e1cia sa na\u010falej rad\u00ed k t\u00e9mam, ktor\u00e9 sa javia ako obrovsk\u00e9 tabu. Prispieva k tomu aj nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 sexu\u00e1lna v\u00fdchova na \u0161kol\u00e1ch,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8429"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8429\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}