{"id":8432,"date":"2023-08-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/vysoke-teploty-a-ludsky-organizmus\/"},"modified":"2023-08-18T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T23:00:00","slug":"vysoke-teploty-a-ludsky-organizmus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/vysoke-teploty-a-ludsky-organizmus\/","title":{"rendered":"Intenzita vysok\u00fdch tepl\u00f4t st\u00fapa. Ako hor\u00fa\u010davy p\u00f4sobia na \u013eudsk\u00fd organizmus?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Teplotn\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy naberaj\u00fa na intenzite, pri\u010dom nieko\u013eko mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed je vystaven\u00fdch extr\u00e9mnym hor\u00fa\u010dav\u00e1m.<\/strong> Mnoh\u00ed z nich s\u00fa n\u00faten\u00ed opusti\u0165 svoj domov pre narastaj\u00faci po\u010det pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch katastrof, najm\u00e4 v podobe po\u017eiarov. Podobn\u00e9 pr\u00edpady sme v priebehu posledn\u00fdch mesiacov mohli zaznamena\u0165 na ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdch letovisk\u00e1ch – v Gr\u00e9cku \u010di Chorv\u00e1tsku.<\/p>\n

Situ\u00e1cia sa nezlep\u0161ila ani v Kanade. Ako sme uviedli v na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku, na za\u010diatku j\u00fana kanadsk\u00e9 \u00farady na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia zaevidovali 416 akt\u00edvnych po\u017eiarov. V posledn\u00fdch d\u0148och ich intenzita st\u00fapla, pri\u010dom takmer 20-tis\u00edc obyvate\u013eov kanadsk\u00e9ho mesta Yellowknife mus\u00ed opusti\u0165 svoje bydlisko<\/strong>, dod\u00e1va denn\u00edk SME.<\/p>\n

Ako ale vysok\u00e9 teploty p\u00f4sobia na \u013eudsk\u00fd organizmus? Ako sme p\u00edsali v na\u0161om predo\u0161lom \u010dl\u00e1nku, po\u010das minul\u00e9ho roka v Eur\u00f3pe zomrelo v d\u00f4sledku hor\u00fa\u010dav 62-tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed.<\/strong> Vych\u00e1dza to z v\u00fdsledkov \u0161t\u00fadie publikovanej v Nature Medicine. Najviac \u00famrt\u00ed sa zaznamenalo na \u00fazem\u00ed Talianska a Gr\u00e9cka. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v horizonte od 18. do 24. j\u00fala sa evidovalo najviac pr\u00edpadov usmrtenia, pri\u010dom i\u0161lo a\u017e o 11 600 os\u00f4b.<\/p>\n

Riziko tepeln\u00e9ho stresu<\/h3>\n

Teplo m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 na \u013eud\u00ed omnoho hor\u0161\u00ed vplyv, ne\u017e sa zd\u00e1. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee v tele doch\u00e1dza k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu nahromadeniu tepla, ako dok\u00e1\u017ee organizmus uvo\u013eni\u0165, doch\u00e1dza k tepeln\u00e9mu stresu, informuje The Guardian. Ide o stav, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017eu sprev\u00e1dza\u0165 nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 pocity, av\u0161ak netreba ho podceni\u0165, nako\u013eko m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 a\u017e k smrti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Optim\u00e1lna \u013eudsk\u00e1 telesn\u00e1 teplota dosahuje pribli\u017ene 36,8 stup\u0148ov Celzia.<\/strong> V danom pr\u00edpade telo funguje na norm\u00e1lnej b\u00e1ze, pri\u010dom nedoch\u00e1dza k \u017eiadnemu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu zdravotn\u00e9mu riziku. V z\u00e1vislosti od r\u00f4znych \u013eudsk\u00fdch potrieb sa m\u00f4\u017ee s men\u0161\u00edmi odch\u00fdlkami l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Aj preto mo\u017eno hovori\u0165 o jej optim\u00e1lnej hodnote v rozmedz\u00ed 36 a\u017e 37 stup\u0148ov Celzia.<\/p>\n Mnoh\u00e9 krajiny v r\u00e1mci vysok\u00fdch tepl\u00f4t tr\u00e1pia \u010dast\u00e9 obdobia sucha. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee d\u00f4jde k prehriatiu, roz\u0161\u00edria sa krvn\u00e9 cievy a uvo\u013en\u00ed sa pot. Pr\u00e1ve pot tvor\u00ed d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa funkciu po\u010das odv\u00e1dzania tepla, nako\u013eko ochladzuje povrch poko\u017eky. Av\u0161ak rizikov\u00fdm faktorom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj vysok\u00e1 vlhkos\u0165,<\/strong> ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee br\u00e1ni\u0165 tomuto prirodzen\u00e9mu procesu.<\/p>\n

Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky prehriatia<\/h3>\n

Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky prebyto\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla v tele s\u00fa \u013eahko rozpoznate\u013en\u00e9. M\u00f4\u017eu sa najsk\u00f4r prejavi\u0165 v podobe svalov\u00fdch k\u0155\u010dov, ktor\u00e9 sa v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch vyskytn\u00fa po celom tele.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Netreba ignorova\u0165 ani pocity vy\u010derpania, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa klasifikovan\u00e9 ako z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00ed stav.<\/strong> Nast\u00e1vaj\u00fa u\u017e v pr\u00edpade, kedy sa telo nevie zbavi\u0165 prebyto\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla. Prejavi\u0165 sa m\u00f4\u017eu ako be\u017en\u00e1 \u00fanava, av\u0161ak sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa sa aj s nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi fyzick\u00fdmi sympt\u00f3mami. Patria k n\u00edm boles\u0165 a to\u010denie hlavy, nevo\u013enos\u0165 \u010di such\u00e9 \u00fasta.<\/p>\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hodnoty tepla maj\u00fa dramatick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok na celkov\u00fd chod organizmu. Srdce mus\u00ed pumpova\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, aby ur\u00fdchlilo prietok krvi do ko\u017ee, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee zapr\u00ed\u010dini\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie probl\u00e9my. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa telo st\u00e1va pomal\u0161\u00edm, pri\u010dom m\u00f4\u017eu nasta\u0165 komplik\u00e1cie s d\u00fdchan\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n Odborn\u00edci radia, aby sa \u013eudia nevystavovali priamemu slnku. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

\u010cast\u00fdm javom je aj absencia mo\u010denia,<\/strong> nako\u013eko sa telo sna\u017e\u00ed zadr\u017ea\u0165 \u010do najviac tekut\u00edn. Av\u0161ak aj ich ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo sa v d\u00f4sledku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho potenia m\u00f4\u017ee strati\u0165 r\u00fdchlo, pri\u010dom je organizmus vystaven\u00fd riziku dehydrat\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Stra\u0161iak v podobe \u00fapalu<\/h3>\n

K najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161iemu javu v s\u00favislosti s vysok\u00fdmi teplotami patr\u00ed \u00fapal. V d\u00f4sledku neho m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k po\u0161kodeniu mozgu, srdca, \u010driev \u010di obli\u010diek.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Obe\u0165 \u00fapalu mo\u017eno rozozna\u0165 na z\u00e1klade n\u00e1hlych zmien kognit\u00edvnych funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa prejavuj\u00fa v podobe zm\u00e4tenosti, halucin\u00e1ci\u00ed \u010di dokonca z\u00e1chvatov. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je vyh\u013eada\u0165 lek\u00e1rsku pomoc hne\u010f po\u010das prv\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov, nako\u013eko postihnut\u00fd jedinec m\u00f4\u017ee upadn\u00fa\u0165 do bezvedomia. V\u00fdnimku netvoria ani pr\u00edpady, kedy d\u00f4jde k z\u00e1stave srdca.<\/strong><\/p>\n

K prevencii posta\u010dia be\u017en\u00e9 veci, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1jdeme doma. Sta\u010d\u00ed, ak sa v exteri\u00e9ri budeme chr\u00e1ni\u0165 slne\u010dn\u00fdmi okuliarmi, vhodnou pokr\u00fdvkou hlavy a kr\u00e9mom s vysok\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm faktorom proti UV \u017eiareniu.<\/strong><\/p>\n V pr\u00edpade pobytu na slnku sa odpor\u00fa\u010da chr\u00e1ni\u0165 s kr\u00e9mom s vysok\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm faktorom proti UV \u017eiareniu. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

Port\u00e1l Teraz.sk dod\u00e1va, \u017ee slne\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu by sa nemali vystavova\u0165 deti mlad\u0161ie ako jeden rok.<\/strong> Z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00e1stupky\u0148a hlavn\u00e9ho hygienika Slovenskej republiky so zameran\u00edm na deti a ml\u00e1de\u017e Jana Hamade rad\u00ed, aby rodi\u010dia deti do \u0161iestich mesiacov nechr\u00e1nili plienkou prehodenou cez strie\u0161ku ko\u010d\u00edka, nako\u013eko m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k prehratiu. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa, aby si zadov\u00e1\u017eili slne\u010dn\u00edk alebo clonu.<\/p>\n

Po\u010das letn\u00fdch mesiacov treba dba\u0165 na zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fa fyzick\u00fa aktivitu. Pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov sa odpor\u00fa\u010da vykon\u00e1va\u0165 pravideln\u00e9 prest\u00e1vky v tieni, pri\u010dom v \u010dase od 10 do 16 hodiny by mal by\u0165 pobyt vonku obmedzen\u00fd. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee n\u00e1ro\u010dnej fyzickej aktivite nemo\u017eno pred\u00eds\u0165, vhodn\u00fdm \u010dasom na jej vykonanie s\u00fa skor\u00e9 rann\u00e9 hodiny.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teplotn\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy naberaj\u00fa na intenzite, pri\u010dom nieko\u013eko mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed je vystaven\u00fdch extr\u00e9mnym hor\u00fa\u010dav\u00e1m. Mnoh\u00ed z nich s\u00fa n\u00faten\u00ed opusti\u0165 svoj domov pre narastaj\u00faci po\u010det pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8432"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8432\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}