{"id":8436,"date":"2023-08-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-22T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/zelena-energia\/"},"modified":"2023-08-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-22T23:00:00","slug":"zelena-energia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/zelena-energia\/","title":{"rendered":"Zelen\u00e1 energia je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 v boji s klimatick\u00fdmi zmenami, no \u010dak\u00e1 ju e\u0161te dlh\u00e1 cesta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Klimatick\u00e1 kr\u00edza je zrejme najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm glob\u00e1lnym probl\u00e9mom<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9mu mus\u00ed \u013eudstvo aktu\u00e1lne \u010deli\u0165. Av\u0161ak e\u0161te pred 2. svetovou vojnou, presnej\u0161ie v\u00a0roku 1938, Guy Callender pri\u0161iel na to, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161ia koncentr\u00e1cia oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9re sp\u00f4sobuje glob\u00e1lne otep\u013eovanie. Av\u0161ak tento probl\u00e9m zostal dlho nerie\u0161en\u00fd.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti si u\u017e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina popul\u00e1cie uvedomuje, ak\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky m\u00e1 glob\u00e1lne otep\u013eovanie na na\u0161u plan\u00e9tu<\/strong>, ale aj na \u013eudsk\u00fd organizmus. Ako sme v\u00e1s informovali v\u00a0na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku, tohtoro\u010dn\u00fd j\u00fal mal by\u0165 doposia\u013e najhor\u00facej\u0161\u00edm mesiacom.<\/p>\n

Ved\u00faci predstavite\u013e Organiz\u00e1cie spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov Ant\u00f3nio Guterres skon\u0161tatoval aktu\u00e1lnu situ\u00e1ciu takto: \u201e\u00c9ra glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovan\u00e1 sa kon\u010d\u00ed;<\/em> za\u010d\u00edna \u00e9ra glob\u00e1lneho varu.\u201c Aj z\u00a0tohto d\u00f4vodu nemal\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti \u017eiada systematick\u00e9 rie\u0161enia<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sledkom.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina elektrickej energie vytvoren\u00e1 spa\u013eovan\u00edm uhlia, zemn\u00e9ho plynu alebo in\u00fdch fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Statista. Av\u0161ak prejden\u00edm k\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvaniu obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie by mohlo pom\u00f4c\u0165 v\u00a0boji s\u00a0touto kr\u00edzou<\/strong>. Tento sektor taktie\u017e zaznamenal nieko\u013eko inov\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ho robia atrakt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Energia zo slnka<\/h3>\n

Zelen\u00e1 energia alebo energia z obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov zah\u0155\u0148a nieko\u013eko sp\u00f4sobov z\u00edskavania elektrickej energie, ktor\u00e9 priamo ne\u0161kodia na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te. Mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia si v\u0161ak pod t\u00fdmto pojmom ako prv\u00e9 predstavia sol\u00e1rne panely, a teda s nimi spojen\u00fa fotovoltiku. Ich fungovanie je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na polovodi\u010doch, ktor\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom fotovoltick\u00e9ho javu menia dopadaj\u00face slne\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de na elektrick\u00fa energiu<\/strong>, p\u00ed\u0161e National Geographic.<\/p>\n

Viacero skup\u00edn vedcov naprie\u010d svetom sa sna\u017eia pr\u00eds\u0165 na sp\u00f4sob ako zefekt\u00edvni\u0165 v\u00fdrobu energie t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom. The Guardian len pred mesiacom informoval o\u00a0tom, \u017ee pomocou sol\u00e1rnych \u010dl\u00e1nkov vytvoren\u00fdch zo silik\u00f3nu a\u00a0perovskitu dok\u00e1\u017eu pretvori\u0165 viac ne\u017e 30 % slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla na elektrick\u00fa energiu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Kombin\u00e1cia pestovania plod\u00edn a sol\u00e1rnej energie sa naz\u00fdva agrovoltika. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@draufsicht\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edvane sol\u00e1rne \u010dl\u00e1nky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa iba vrstvu silik\u00f3nu. T\u00e1 v\u0161ak zachyt\u00e1va iba \u010derven\u00fa zlo\u017eku svetla. Pridan\u00edm vrstvy perovskitu dok\u00e1\u017eu zachyt\u00e1va\u0165 aj modr\u00fa zlo\u017eku sveteln\u00e9ho spektra<\/strong>, \u010do zvy\u0161uje celkov\u00fa efektivitu t\u00fdchto panelov. Av\u0161ak port\u00e1l \u010falej uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee komer\u010dne dostupn\u00fdmi sa stan\u00fa a\u017e v priebehu nasleduj\u00facich piatich rokov.<\/p>\n

Po\u010das noc\u00ed v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1\u017eu generova\u0165 energiu v\u00f4bec, \u010do z nich rob\u00ed u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom iba po\u010das d\u0148a. Netreba zab\u00fada\u0165 ani na to, \u017ee ich efektivita kles\u00e1 po\u010das dn\u00ed s mal\u00fdm mno\u017estvom slne\u010dn\u00e9ho sveta a po\u010das vysok\u00fdch tepl\u00f4t<\/strong>. Taktie\u017e vy\u017eaduj\u00fa pravideln\u00fa \u00fadr\u017ebu, preto\u017ee vrstva \u0161piny alebo snehu m\u00f4\u017ee znemo\u017eni\u0165 produkciu energie.<\/p>\n

Zelen\u00e1, no neekologick\u00e1<\/h3>\n

Syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fdm vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa energiu je priamo\u010diary \u2013 vietor sa opiera o\u00a0\u010depele vrtule, ktor\u00e1 sa rozto\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0dynamo premen\u00ed to\u010div\u00fd pohyb na elektrick\u00fa energiu. Preto je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 vymyslie\u0165 nov\u00fa prevratn\u00fa technol\u00f3giu, ktor\u00e1 by dok\u00e1zala zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 produkciu elektrickej energie<\/strong>. Av\u0161ak nemus\u00ed by\u0165 v\u0161etko len o\u00a0nov\u0161\u00edch, lep\u0161\u00edch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Doposia\u013e sa na veterne turb\u00edny nazeralo ako na osobitn\u00e9 jednotky, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti \u010fal\u0161\u00edch, aby sa zn\u00ed\u017eila cena za p\u00f4du, na ktor\u00fdch stoja. Av\u0161ak port\u00e1l MIT News uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee spr\u00e1vnym nastaven\u00edm v\u0161etk\u00fdch turb\u00edn m\u00f4\u017ee nar\u00e1s\u0165 celkov\u00e1 produkcia, ktor\u00e1 je ekvivalentn\u00e1 postaveniu a\u017e 3600 nov\u00fdch vetern\u00fdch turb\u00edn, a to bez \u010fal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Vetern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne v\u0161ak dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa nemal\u00fa kritiku za to, \u017ee nie s\u00fa ekologick\u00e9. Ich \u010depele sa toti\u017e vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa zo sklolamin\u00e1tu, \u010do ich rob\u00ed \u0165a\u017eko recyklovate\u013en\u00fdmi. Po uplynut\u00ed ich \u017eivotnosti tak v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich kon\u010d\u00ed na skl\u00e1dkach, no to za m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165<\/strong>. Pokia\u013e sa pomel\u00fa na miniat\u00farne \u010dastice, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 pri v\u00fdrobe cementu namiesto piesku alebo \u0161trku, p\u00ed\u0161e web telev\u00edzie CNN.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd poh\u013ead na vodn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne<\/h3>\n

Vodn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne funguj\u00fa na podobnom princ\u00edpe, ako tie vzdu\u0161n\u00e9. Te\u010d\u00faca voda rozto\u010d\u00ed turb\u00ednu, ktor\u00e1 premen\u00ed pohyb na elektrick\u00fa energiu. To v\u0161ak nie je jedin\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ktor\u00fdm dok\u00e1\u017ee zu\u017eitkova\u0165 vodu na produkciu elektrickej energie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Jeden z\u00a0nov\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov jej v\u00fdroby m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 takzvan\u00e1 energia v\u013an. Ide o\u00a0koncept, kedy zariadenie vyu\u017e\u00edva neust\u00e1ly pohyb v\u013an nahor a\u00a0nadol<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Britannica. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00f4\u017eete tak\u00e9to zariadenie n\u00e1js\u0165 napr\u00edklad pri pobre\u017e\u00ed portugalsk\u00e9ho mesta Agu\u00e7adora.<\/p>\n Prv\u00e1 vodn\u00e1 elektr\u00e1re\u0148 bola postaven\u00e1 v roku 1878, aby nap\u00e1jala jedin\u00fa lampu. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@publicpowerorg\n

Av\u0161ak v\u00fdroba energie za pomoci v\u013an je zlo\u017eit\u00e1. To sa odr\u00e1\u017ea aj na finan\u010dnej podpore v\u00fdskumu v tomto sektore<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 zaost\u00e1va oproti in\u00fdm form\u00e1m v\u00fdroby zelenej energie. Slan\u00e1 voda koroduje oce\u013e a in\u00e9 kovy, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi. Okrem toho vlny r\u00fdchlo opotrebuj\u00fa k\u00e1ble a in\u00e9 \u010dasti infra\u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nedok\u00e1\u017eeme prejs\u0165 \u00faplne na energiu vyroben\u00fa z\u00a0obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov<\/strong>, a\u00a0to aj napriek tomu, \u017ee vl\u00e1dy podporuj\u00fa tento sektor. Ide o\u00a0nespo\u013eahliv\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby produkcie energie, ke\u010f\u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017eeme ovl\u00e1da\u0165 po\u010dasie. Aj preto sa jadrov\u00e1 energia, o\u00a0ktorej sme v\u00e1s informovali v\u00a0prech\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku, zd\u00e1 by\u0165 ako v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 alternat\u00edva.<\/p>\n

Bud\u00facnos\u0165 energie pravdepodobne nebude st\u00e1\u0165 na prevratnej technol\u00f3gii, ale na kombin\u00e1ci\u00ed t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e m\u00e1me. Teraz v\u0161ak mus\u00edme spr\u00e1vne nastavi\u0165 pomer jednotliv\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rni<\/strong>, aby sme sa nedostali do energetickej kr\u00edzy, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 ne\u0161kodili viac plan\u00e9te Zem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Klimatick\u00e1 kr\u00edza je zrejme najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm glob\u00e1lnym probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00e9mu mus\u00ed \u013eudstvo aktu\u00e1lne \u010deli\u0165. Av\u0161ak e\u0161te pred 2. svetovou vojnou, presnej\u0161ie v\u00a0roku 1938, Guy Callender pri\u0161iel na<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8436"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8436\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}