{"id":8440,"date":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/buducnost-dopravy\/"},"modified":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T23:00:00","slug":"buducnost-dopravy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/buducnost-dopravy\/","title":{"rendered":"Bud\u00facnos\u0165 dopravy je nejasn\u00e1: Hromadn\u00e1 doprava je aj na\u010falej najudr\u017eate\u013enej\u0161\u00edm prostriedkom prepravy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dopravne z\u00e1pchy s\u00fa negat\u00edvnym dopadom ka\u017edoro\u010dne sa zvy\u0161uj\u00faceho po\u010dtu vozidiel na cest\u00e1ch po celom svete. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa s\u00a0nimi m\u00f4\u017eete stretn\u00fa\u0165 po\u010das rann\u00fdch hod\u00edn, ke\u010f v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina popul\u00e1cie cestuje do pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0poobede, ke\u010f sa vracaj\u00fa domov. <strong>Okrem toho, \u017ee \u013eudia str\u00e1caj\u00fa cestovan\u00edm \u010das, \u0161kodia aj \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm producentom emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov nie je ani z\u010faleka doprava, no taktie\u017e nehr\u00e1 zanedbate\u013en\u00fa rolu. T\u00e1 toti\u017e predstavuje 16,2 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch emisi\u00ed. <strong>Toto \u010d\u00edslo v\u0161ak nie je kone\u010dn\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee v \u0148om nie s\u00fa zapo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 emisie, ktor\u00e9 boli vyprodukovan\u00e9 pri v\u00fdrobe automobilov<\/strong>. Tie s\u00fa prisudzovan\u00e9 in\u00fdm priemyseln\u00fdm odvetviam, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Our World in Data.<\/p>\n<p>Oba probl\u00e9my maj\u00fa negat\u00edvny dopad na \u013eudsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty, no k ich vyrie\u0161eniu m\u00f4\u017eu prispie\u0165 nov\u00e9 modern\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie. Elektrifik\u00e1cia vozidiel \u010di inovat\u00edvne rie\u0161enie hromadnej dopravy s\u00fa len nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi z nich,<strong> no na\u010drtaj\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165 dopravy, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ia, udr\u017eate\u013enej\u0161ia a pohodlnej\u0161ia ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Koniec spa\u013eovac\u00edch motorov<\/h3>\n<p>E<strong>ur\u00f3pska \u00fania sa pok\u00fa\u0161a bojova\u0165 s\u00a0klimatickou kr\u00edzou na v\u0161etk\u00fdch frontoch, \u010do sa odraz\u00ed aj na doprave<\/strong>. Ako informuje denn\u00edk Pravda, \u010dlensk\u00e9 krajiny schv\u00e1lili z\u00e1kaz predaja nov\u00fdch aut so spa\u013eovac\u00edm motorom od roku 2035. Av\u0161ak aut\u00e1 zak\u00fapen\u00e9 pred t\u00fdmto rokom, z\u00e1kaz neovplyvn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1ta ACEA za rok 2021 uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee na slovensk\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch dominuj\u00fa aut\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve s t\u00fdmto pohonom. Automobily, ktor\u00e9 na svoju prev\u00e1dzku vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa naftu alebo benz\u00edn u n\u00e1s predstavuj\u00fa takmer 95 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch vozidiel. <strong>To sa v\u0161ak po uveden\u00ed z\u00e1kazu do praxe m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165 v prospech elektromobilov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 vtedy predstavovali iba 0,1 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch registrovan\u00fdch vozidiel na Slovensku.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee tieto aut\u00e1 jazda na elektrick\u00fa energiu, pri ich pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed nevznikaj\u00fa \u017eiadne \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Av\u0161ak elektromobilita m\u00e1 svojich odporcov. Pri v\u00fdrobe bat\u00e9ri\u00ed pre tieto vozidl\u00e1 doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0\u0165a\u017ebe surov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, <strong>ktor\u00e1 taktie\u017e \u0161kod\u00ed kl\u00edme, \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu, ale aj lok\u00e1lnym obyvate\u013eom<\/strong>, p\u00ed\u0161e The Guardian.<\/p>\n Kv\u00f4li v\u00fdrobe t\u00fdchto bat\u00e9ri\u00ed sa v Ju\u017enej Amerike \u0165a\u017e\u00ed l\u00edtium. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@dionbeetson\n<p>\u017divotnos\u0165 t\u00fdchto bat\u00e9ri\u00ed je obmedzen\u00e1 rovnako ako \u017eivotnos\u0165 bat\u00e9rie na va\u0161om smartf\u00f3ne. <strong>Nejak\u00fa \u010das\u0165 materi\u00e1lov mo\u017eno zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 ich recykl\u00e1ciou<\/strong>. Av\u0161ak t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia e\u0161te nie je dostato\u010dn\u00e9 zaveden\u00e1 do praxe. Je v\u0161ak dostato\u010dne financovan\u00e1 z viacer\u00fdch zdrojov, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee onedlho m\u00f4\u017ee pr\u00eds\u0165 revolu\u010dn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie.<\/p>\n<p>Len\u017ee pokia\u013e chceme tieto vozidla pova\u017eova\u0165 za naozaj ekologick\u00e9, <strong>musia vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 zelen\u00fa elektrick\u00fa energiu na svoj pohon<\/strong>. T\u00e1 poch\u00e1dza iba z\u00a0obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa sol\u00e1rne panely, vetern\u00e9 \u010di vodn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne, o\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sme v\u00e1s informovali v\u00a0na\u0161om predo\u0161lom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00fdchlej\u0161ia hromadn\u00e1 dopravy<\/h3>\n<p>Na preplnen\u00e9 cesty existuje rie\u0161enie u\u017e dnes, no nepatr\u00ed medzi tie najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161ie. Hromadn\u00e1 doprava \u2013 vlakov\u00e1 alebo autobusov\u00e1 \u2013 by mohla zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 celkov\u00fd po\u010det vozidiel na cest\u00e1ch. Av\u0161ak m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko nedostatkov, <strong>napr\u00edklad \u010dast\u00e9 me\u0161kania \u010di men\u0161\u00ed komfort oproti osobn\u00e9mu vozidlu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Revolu\u010dnou verziou tohto sp\u00f4sobu dopravy v\u0161ak zatia\u013e disponuj\u00fa iba 3 krajiny: Japonsko, \u010c\u00edna a\u00a0Ju\u017en\u00e1 K\u00f3rea. <strong>Maglev je \u0161peci\u00e1lny typ vlaku, ktor\u00fd nem\u00e1 koles\u00e1 a\u00a0nejazd\u00ed po \u017eeleznici.<\/strong> Namiesto toho vyu\u017e\u00edva fyzik\u00e1lny jav magnetickej indukcii, v\u010faka \u010domu sa vzn\u00e1\u0161a tesne nad tra\u0165ou. To mu umo\u017e\u0148uje dosahova\u0165 omnoho v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie r\u00fdchlosti oproti klasick\u00fdm vlakom, p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l Britannica.<\/p>\n Maglev vlak Transrapid bol testovan\u00fd aj v ne\u010falekom Nemecku. Zdroj: pexels.com\/@rohit1992\n<p>Na tomto princ\u00edpe pracuje aj koncept Hyperloop, no pos\u00fava ho o level vy\u0161\u0161ie. <strong>Tento \u0161pecializovan\u00fd vlak sa nach\u00e1dza v uzavretom potrub\u00ed so zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm tlakom, a takmer nulov\u00fdm objemom vzduchu<\/strong>. P\u00f4vodne s n\u00e1padom pri\u0161iel podnikate\u013e v technologickom sektore, no s\u00e1m sa v \u0148om neanga\u017euje.<\/p>\n<p>Namiesto neho sa v\u00a0sektore za\u010dalo anga\u017eova\u0165 nieko\u013eko start-up firiem. Ako informuje port\u00e1l Techbox, medzi nimi aj spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Hardt Hyperloop, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 amb\u00edciu spoji\u0165 nieko\u013eko eur\u00f3pskych metropol. <strong>Linka sp\u00e1jaj\u00faca Amsterdam s\u00a0Par\u00ed\u017eom, Bruselom, D\u00fcsseldorfom a\u00a0Frankfurtom by mohla nahradi\u0165 krat\u0161ie medzi\u0161t\u00e1tne lety<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Obdobn\u00fd projekt mal vznikn\u00fa\u0165 aj na Slovensku. E\u0161te v\u00a0roku 2016 hovorili politici a\u00a0americk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Hyperloop Transport Technologies o\u00a0spojen\u00ed Bratislavy s\u00a0Vied\u0148ou. <strong>Cesta t\u00fdmto dopravn\u00fdm prostriedkom mala trva\u0165 iba 8 min\u00fat<\/strong>, no e\u0161te v\u00a0tom istom roku tento pl\u00e1n skon\u010dil, uv\u00e1dza Denn\u00edk N.<\/p>\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe neexistuje jednoduch\u00e9 rie\u0161enie, ktor\u00e9 by dok\u00e1zalo vyrie\u0161i\u0165 situ\u00e1ciu na cest\u00e1ch. <strong>Hromadn\u00e1 doprava, ktor\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00e1me, zost\u00e1va aj na\u010falej najlep\u0161\u00edm prostriedkom ako sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 rann\u00fdm z\u00e1pcham a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 osobn\u00fa uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dopravne z\u00e1pchy s\u00fa negat\u00edvnym dopadom ka\u017edoro\u010dne sa zvy\u0161uj\u00faceho po\u010dtu vozidiel na cest\u00e1ch po celom svete. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa s\u00a0nimi m\u00f4\u017eete stretn\u00fa\u0165 po\u010das rann\u00fdch hod\u00edn, ke\u010f v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8440"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8440\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}