{"id":8448,"date":"2023-09-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/umele-organy\/"},"modified":"2023-09-02T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T23:00:00","slug":"umele-organy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/umele-organy\/","title":{"rendered":"Umel\u00e9 org\u00e1ny m\u00f4\u017eu skr\u00e1ti\u0165 \u010dakanie na vhodn\u00e9ho darcu. Nejde v\u0161ak len o vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bez vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov by sme len \u0165a\u017eko dok\u00e1zali pre\u017ei\u0165, preto\u017ee pr\u00e1ve oni zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch funkci\u00ed. Pokia\u013e ich postihne nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 ochorenie, kvalita na\u0161ich \u017eivotov kles\u00e1<\/strong>. Transplant\u00e1cia chor\u00e9ho \u010di po\u0161koden\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu za zdrav\u00fd a funk\u010dn\u00fd v\u00e1m v tomto pr\u00edpade m\u00f4\u017ee zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak n\u00e1js\u0165 vhodn\u00e9ho darcu, ktor\u00e9ho organ bude kompatibiln\u00fd s\u00a0va\u0161\u00edm telom m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 aj nieko\u013eko mesiacov \u010di rokov. Pri niektor\u00fdch diagn\u00f3zach v\u0161ak treba kona\u0165 ihne\u010f<\/strong>, a\u00a0preto m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 modern\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie.<\/p>\n

Kybernetick\u00e9 kon\u010datiny, syntetick\u00e9 org\u00e1ny alebo implant\u00e1ty m\u00f4\u017eete \u010dastokr\u00e1t vidie\u0165 v\u00a0dielach sci-fi \u017e\u00e1nrov. Samozrejme, \u017ee ide o\u00a0v\u00fdplody mysle zn\u00e1mych autorov, no ich ist\u00e1 podoba existuje u\u017e dnes<\/strong>. Taktie\u017e sa neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa, \u010do by mohlo znamena\u0165, \u017ee \u00faplne nahradia potrebu darovan\u00fdch org\u00e1nov.<\/p>\n Tieto technol\u00f3gie m\u00f4\u017eete pozna\u0165 z filmu Robocop alebo Upgrade. Zdroj: https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@yaroslav-shuraev\/\n

Okrem nich v\u0161ak zdravotn\u00edkom pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri pr\u00e1ci aj in\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie. Umel\u00e1 inteligencia \u010di virtu\u00e1lna realita<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri diagn\u00f3ze, v\u00fdu\u010dbe nov\u00fdch lek\u00e1rov alebo lie\u010dbe psychick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, o\u00a0\u010dom sme v\u00e1s informovali v\u00a0na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

Zatia\u013e do\u010dasn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie<\/h3>\n

Umel\u00fd org\u00e1n v\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch \u013eu\u010foch vyvol\u00e1va pocit, \u017ee ide o\u00a0umelo vytvoren\u00fa repliku org\u00e1nu<\/strong>, no nie je tomu tak v\u017edy. Ide o\u00a0ak\u00fdko\u013evek stroj, zariadenie alebo materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd nahr\u00e1dza funkciu p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Britannica.<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u013eudia s prot\u00e9zami kon\u010dat\u00edn \u2013 horn\u00fdmi alebo doln\u00fdmi \u2013 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa umel\u00fd org\u00e1n. Taktie\u017e<\/strong>\u00a0ho pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj pacienti, ktor\u00fdch tr\u00e1pi do\u010dasn\u00e9 alebo trval\u00e9 zlyhanie obli\u010diek<\/strong>, d\u00f4sledkom \u010doho ich krv mus\u00ed by\u0165 o\u010dis\u0165ovan\u00e1 od odpadov\u00fdch l\u00e1tok pomocou dial\u00fdzy.<\/p>\n

Rovnako m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o\u00a0kardiostimul\u00e1tor, ktor\u00fd sa implantuje na srdce, pri\u010dom vytv\u00e1ra pravideln\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 impulzy<\/strong>. Takto pom\u00f4\u017eu srdcov\u00e9mu svalstvu s\u0165ahova\u0165 a rozp\u00edna\u0165 sa, v\u010faka \u010domu pumpuje okysli\u010den\u00fa krv do cel\u00e9ho tela.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak pri komplikovanej\u0161\u00edch diagn\u00f3zach, napr\u00edklad zlyhan\u00ed srdca, tak\u00e9to mal\u00e9 zariadenie nie je dostato\u010dn\u00e9. Port\u00e1l CCN Business informuje o\u00a0umelom srdci franc\u00fazskej spolo\u010dnosti Carmat. To sl\u00fa\u017ei ako do\u010dasn\u00e9 srdce, pre pacientov, ktor\u00ed \u010dakaj\u00fa na srdce od darcu<\/strong>. Av\u0161ak spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ver\u00ed, \u017ee ich n\u00e1hrada srdca by mohla nahradi\u0165 srdce na trvalo.<\/p>\n

Efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed pohyb<\/h3>\n

Pacienti, ktor\u00fd d\u00f4sledkom nehody alebo ochorenia pr\u00eddu o kon\u010datinu, si musia zvykn\u00fa\u0165 na nemal\u00e9 zmeny<\/strong> v ich \u017eivote<\/strong>. Amput\u00e1ciou nohy sa stan\u00fa menej mobiln\u00fdmi, pri\u010dom s\u00fa \u010dastokr\u00e1t odk\u00e1zan\u00ed na invalidn\u00fd voz\u00edk, barle alebo prot\u00e9zu.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1 pre\u0161la dlh\u00fa cestu naprie\u010d rokmi, preto\u017ee v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti u\u017e nesl\u00fa\u017ei len ako n\u00e1hrada za ch\u00fdbaj\u00facu kon\u010datinu, ale umo\u017e\u0148uje pacientom prirodzenej\u0161\u00ed pohyb<\/strong>. Ich v\u00fdvoj v\u0161ak st\u00e1le pokra\u010duje, ako p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l MIT News.<\/p>\n Aj \u013eudia s prot\u00e9zou sa m\u00f4\u017eu venova\u0165 \u0161portu. Zdroj: https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@shvetsa\/\n

Ako uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch prot\u00e9z ovl\u00e1daj\u00fa pomocou elektromyografiou, \u010di\u017ee sn\u00edman\u00edm elektrick\u00fdch impulzov svalov, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v okol\u00ed amputovanej kon\u010datiny. Ich nov\u00fd postup, magnetomikrometria, s\u013eubuje lep\u0161iu kontrolu nad prostetickou kon\u010datinou<\/strong>. T\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edva mal\u00e9 magnety, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa implantovan\u00e9 do svalov.<\/p>\n

\u201eD\u00fafame, \u017ee magnetomikrometria nahrad\u00ed elektromyografiu ako dominantn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob prepojenia perif\u00e9rneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu s bionick\u00fdmi kon\u010datinami. T\u00fato n\u00e1dej m\u00e1me v\u010faka vysokej kvalite sign\u00e1lu, ktor\u00fd z\u00edskavame z magnetomikrometrie, a v\u010faka tomu, \u017ee ide o minim\u00e1lne invaz\u00edvny z\u00e1krok a m\u00e1 n\u00edzke regula\u010dn\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky a n\u00e1klady,\u201c<\/em> uviedol Hugh Herr, ved\u00faci t\u00edmu biomechatronikov.<\/p>\n

Prepojenie mozgu a\u00a0elektronick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Podobn\u00e9 zariadenia by mohli pom\u00f4c\u0165 aj pacientom, ktor\u00fd trpia quadripl\u00e9gia. Ide o diagn\u00f3zu, kv\u00f4li ktorej m\u00e1 pacient paralyzovan\u00e9 svalstvo v kon\u010datin\u00e1ch a trupe, a teda sa nedok\u00e1\u017ee v\u00f4bec pohybova\u0165. Takto postihnut\u00ed pacienti maj\u00fa po\u0161koden\u00fa miechu v spodnej kr\u010dnej \u010dasti<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Jedna zo spolo\u010dnost\u00ed Elona Muska, Neuralink, si dala za cie\u013e, ako uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na svojej webovej str\u00e1nke, pom\u00f4c\u0165 pacientom pr\u00e1ve s\u00a0touto diagn\u00f3zou ovl\u00e1da\u0165 ich po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u010di mobiln\u00e9 telef\u00f3ny za pomoci ich mysle<\/strong>. Umo\u017eni\u0165 by im to mal \u0161peci\u00e1lny implant\u00e1t, ktor\u00fd by bol umiestnen\u00fd priamo na mozgu pacienta, \u010d\u00edm vytvor\u00ed spojenie medzi mozgom a\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom \u010di smartf\u00f3nom.<\/p>\n

Doned\u00e1vna bolo zariadenie testovan\u00e9 na prim\u00e1toch, no ned\u00e1vno Americk\u00fd \u00farad pre kontrolu potrav\u00edn a\u00a0liekov umo\u017enil spolo\u010dnosti za\u010da\u0165 s\u00a0klinick\u00fdm testovan\u00edm na \u013eu\u010foch, informuje The Guardian. Av\u0161ak nejde o prv\u00fa \u017eiados\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti o tak\u00e9to testovanie<\/strong>, preto\u017ee e\u0161te za\u010diatkom roku 2022 sa taktie\u017e pok\u00fa\u0161ali z\u00edska\u0165 toto povolenie. \u00darad ju v\u0161ak zamietol.<\/p>\n

Tieto technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa pom\u00e1ha\u0165 pacientom s r\u00f4znymi diagn\u00f3zami \u017ei\u0165 d\u00f4stojnej\u0161ie \u017eivoty, l\u00e1kaj\u00fa aj zdrav\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. My\u0161lienka transhumanizmu hovor\u00ed o tom, \u017ee \u013eudstvo by malo vyu\u017ei\u0165 v\u0161etky dostupn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, aby vytvorilo \u201elep\u0161iu\u201c<\/em> verziu \u013eudsk\u00fdch tiel<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bez vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov by sme len \u0165a\u017eko dok\u00e1zali pre\u017ei\u0165, preto\u017ee pr\u00e1ve oni zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch funkci\u00ed. Pokia\u013e ich postihne nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 ochorenie, kvalita na\u0161ich \u017eivotov<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8448"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8448\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}