Po\u010das \u013eudskej hist\u00f3rie a dlho pred na\u0161ou s\u00fa\u010dasnou defin\u00edciou depresie alebo jej lie\u010dby, sa pojem depresie opakovane formoval a pretv\u00e1ral.<\/p>\n
Najstar\u0161ie p\u00edsomn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy<\/strong> o tom, \u010do je dnes zn\u00e1me ako depresia, sa objavili v druhom tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed pred Kristom, v Mezopot\u00e1mii. <\/strong><\/p>\n V t\u00fdchto spisoch sa o depresii hovorilo sk\u00f4r ako o duchovnom ne\u017e fyzickom stave. <\/strong><\/p>\n Rovnako ako in\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00e9 choroby sa verilo, \u017ee je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 d\u00e9monickou posadnutos\u0165ou. <\/strong><\/p>\n Ako takou sa \u0148ou zaoberali sk\u00f4r k\u0148azi ako lek\u00e1ri.<\/strong><\/p>\n My\u0161lienka depresie sp\u00f4sobenej d\u00e9monmi a zl\u00fdmi duchmi existovala v mnoh\u00fdch kult\u00farach, vr\u00e1tane star\u00fdch Gr\u00e9kov, Rimanov, Babylon\u010danov, \u010c\u00ed\u0148anov a Egyp\u0165anov.<\/strong><\/p>\n Kv\u00f4li tejto viere sa to \u010dasto lie\u010dilo met\u00f3dami ako fyzick\u00e9 obmedzovanie na slobode, bitie a hladovanie v snahe vyhna\u0165 d\u00e9monov.<\/strong><\/p>\n Zatia\u013e \u010do mnoh\u00ed verili, \u017ee hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou depresie s\u00fa d\u00e9moni, existovalo mno\u017estvo starovek\u00fdch gr\u00e9ckych a r\u00edmskych lek\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed verili, \u017ee depresia je biologick\u00e1 a psychologick\u00e1 choroba.<\/strong><\/p>\n Gr\u00e9cki a r\u00edmski lek\u00e1ri pou\u017e\u00edvali na lie\u010dbu svojich pacientov terapeutick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy, ako je gymnastika, mas\u00e1\u017ee, di\u00e9ta, hudba, k\u00fapele a lieky obsahuj\u00face makov\u00fd extrakt a oslie mlieko.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hippokrates. Zdroj: geo.de\n Hippokrates, pova\u017eovan\u00fd za \u201eotca medic\u00edny\u201c, bol starovek\u00fd gr\u00e9cky lek\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd veril, \u017ee v\u0161etky telesn\u00e9 stavy s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 mno\u017estvom a pomerom \u0161tyroch vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch \u0161tiav: krv, \u010dierna \u017el\u010d, \u017elt\u00e1 \u017el\u010d a hlien.<\/strong><\/p>\n Veril, \u017ee rovnov\u00e1ha medzi t\u00fdmito \u0161\u0165avami prin\u00e1\u0161a dobr\u00e9 zdravie, zatia\u013e \u010do extr\u00e9mny nedostatok alebo nadbytok jedn\u00e9ho sp\u00f4sobuje fyzick\u00e9 choroby.<\/p>\n Konkr\u00e9tne si myslel, \u017ee melanch\u00f3liu sp\u00f4sobilo pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea \u010diernej \u017el\u010de v slezine.<\/p>\n Hippokratova lie\u010dba zah\u0155\u0148ala prekrvenie, k\u00fapele, cvi\u010denie a di\u00e9tu.<\/strong><\/p>\n Gr\u00e9cky lek\u00e1r a filozof Gal\u00e9n roz\u0161\u00edril Hippokratovu te\u00f3riu, ke\u010f uviedol, \u017ee typy osobnosti boli tie\u017e odvoden\u00e9 z nadbytku jedn\u00e9ho zo \u0161tyroch prvkov.<\/strong><\/p>\n Pod\u013ea tejto te\u00f3rie melancholick\u00fd typ osobnosti vznikol nadbytkom \u010diernej \u017el\u010de.<\/p>\n Melancholici boli preto vn\u00edman\u00ed ako introvertn\u00ed, hlboko mysliaci, ktor\u00ed sa zvy\u010dajne vz\u0165ahovali sk\u00f4r k smutnej\u0161ej \u010dasti emocion\u00e1lneho spektra.<\/p>\n Z tohto vn\u00edmania melanch\u00f3lie sa nakoniec vyvinul n\u00e1\u0161 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd koncept depresie.<\/p>\n R\u00edmsky filozof Cicero naopak veril, \u017ee melanch\u00f3lia m\u00e1 psychologick\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny, ako je hnev, strach a sm\u00fatok.<\/strong><\/p>\n Cornelius Celsus zase odpor\u00fa\u010dal ve\u013emi krut\u00fa lie\u010dbu hladovania, okov a bitia v pr\u00edpadoch du\u0161evn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00faci stredovek\u00e9 pon\u00edmanie pacientovho opantania diablom. Zdroj: brewminate.com\n Po\u010das stredoveku dominovalo eur\u00f3pskemu mysleniu o du\u0161evn\u00fdch chorob\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo, najm\u00e4 kres\u0165anstvo, pri\u010dom \u013eudia depresiu op\u00e4\u0165 pripisovali diablovi, d\u00e9monom<\/strong> \u010di \u010darodejniciam.<\/p>\n Exorcizmus, utopenie a up\u00e1lenie boli v tej dobe popul\u00e1rnou lie\u010dbou. <\/strong><\/p>\n Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed bolo zavret\u00fdch v takzvan\u00fdch \u201elazoch pre \u0161ialencov\u201c.<\/p>\n Po\u010das renesancie<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 sa za\u010dala v Taliansku v 14. storo\u010d\u00ed a v priebehu 16. a 17. storo\u010dia sa roz\u0161\u00edrila po celej Eur\u00f3pe, boli hony na \u010darodejnice a popravy du\u0161evne chor\u00fdch pomerne be\u017en\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n Niektor\u00ed lek\u00e1ri v\u0161ak za\u010dali prehodnocova\u0165 my\u0161lienku, \u017ee du\u0161evn\u00e9 choroby maj\u00fa sk\u00f4r prirodzen\u00fa ne\u017e nadprirodzen\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinu.<\/strong><\/p>\n V roku 1621 Robert Burton publikoval dielo \u201eAnat\u00f3mia melanch\u00f3lie\u201c, v ktorej na\u010drtol soci\u00e1lne a psychologick\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny depresie (ako je chudoba, strach a osamelos\u0165). <\/strong><\/p>\n V tejto knihe urobil odpor\u00fa\u010dania ako di\u00e9ta, cvi\u010denie, cestovanie, preh\u00e1\u0148adl\u00e1 (na odstr\u00e1nenie tox\u00ednov z tela), prekrvenie, bylinky a hudobn\u00e1 terapia<\/strong> pri lie\u010dbe depresie.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Po\u010das 18. a 19. storo\u010dia, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho aj vek osvietenstva, sa depresia za\u010dala pova\u017eova\u0165 za slabos\u0165 temperamentu, ktor\u00e1 bola dedi\u010dn\u00e1 a nedala sa zmeni\u0165. <\/strong><\/p>\n V\u00fdsledkom t\u00fdchto presved\u010den\u00ed bolo, \u017ee \u013eudia s t\u00fdmto stavom by sa mali vyh\u00fdba\u0165 ostatn\u00fdm alebo by ich mali zatv\u00e1ra\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n Po\u010das druhej \u010dasti veku osvietenstva lek\u00e1ri za\u010dali navrhova\u0165 my\u0161lienku, \u017ee kore\u0148om tohto stavu je agresia.<\/strong><\/p>\n Lie\u010dby ako cvi\u010denie, di\u00e9ta, hudba a drogy boli teraz obhajovan\u00e9 a lek\u00e1ri navrhli, \u017ee je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 sa o svojich probl\u00e9moch so svojimi priate\u013emi alebo lek\u00e1rom.<\/p>\n In\u00ed lek\u00e1ri tej doby hovorili o depresii ako o d\u00f4sledku vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch konfliktov medzi t\u00fdm, \u010do chcete, a t\u00fdm, \u010do viete, \u017ee je spr\u00e1vne. <\/strong><\/p>\n Lie\u010dba po\u010das tohto obdobia zah\u0155\u0148ala ponorenie do vody (\u010do najdlh\u0161\u00ed pobyt pod vodou bez utopenia) a pou\u017eitie rotuj\u00facej stoli\u010dky, na vr\u00e1tenie obsahu mozgu sp\u00e4\u0165 do spr\u00e1vnej polohy. <\/strong><\/p>\n Doplnkov\u00e9 o\u0161etrenia<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148ali:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ako sa hist\u00f3ria vyv\u00edjala \u010falej, sa do\u010d\u00edtate v pokra\u010dovan\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku u\u017e \u010doskoro.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ako bola vn\u00edman\u00e1 depresia v priebehu hist\u00f3rie \u013eudstva? Po\u010das \u013eudskej hist\u00f3rie a dlho pred na\u0161ou s\u00fa\u010dasnou defin\u00edciou depresie alebo jej lie\u010dby, sa pojem depresie opakovane<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8450\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Starovek\u00e1 gr\u00e9cka a r\u00edmska filozofia<\/h3>\n
Stredovek<\/h3>\n
Slabos\u0165 temperamentu \u010di agresia?<\/h3>\n
\n