{"id":8457,"date":"2023-09-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/rotujuca-stolicka-mala-vyliecit-depresiu-2-cast-serie-historia-depresie\/"},"modified":"2023-09-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-09-23T23:00:00","slug":"rotujuca-stolicka-mala-vyliecit-depresiu-2-cast-serie-historia-depresie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/rotujuca-stolicka-mala-vyliecit-depresiu-2-cast-serie-historia-depresie\/","title":{"rendered":"Rotuj\u00faca stoli\u010dka mala vylie\u010di\u0165 depresiu! (2.\u010das\u0165 s\u00e9rie HIST\u00d3RIA DEPRESIE)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prin\u00e1\u0161ame v\u00e1m \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nok zo s\u00e9rie dej\u00edn depresie, dozviete sa ako jej v\u00fdvoj napredoval, a ako sa menil postoj \u013eud\u00ed k jej ch\u00e1paniu v posledn\u00fdch storo\u010diach.<\/h3>\n

Lie\u010debn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy v stredoveku sa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zameriavali na pre\u010distenie tela laxat\u00edvmi a prekrven\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad v Anglicku v 13. storo\u010d\u00ed,<\/strong> jedinci, o ktor\u00fdch sa vedelo, \u017ee s\u00fa du\u0161evne naru\u0161en\u00ed, \u010dasto dost\u00e1vali \u0161t\u00e1tne hodnotenia, aby sa zistilo, \u010di maj\u00fa alebo nemaj\u00fa zdrav\u00e9 mysle. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Sk\u00fa\u0161aj\u00faci boli vo v\u0161eobecnosti otvoren\u00ed tomu, \u017ee niektor\u00ed \u013eudia boli jednoducho n\u00e1chylnej\u0161\u00ed k \u0161ialenstvu a zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvali na svoje rozhodnutie naturalistick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy a met\u00f3dy zdrav\u00e9ho rozumu.<\/p>\n

Osoby, o ktor\u00fdch sa zistilo, \u017ee nie s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 primeran\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania<\/strong> alebo sa o seba postara\u0165, boli zvy\u010dajne zveren\u00e9 do starostlivosti opatrovn\u00edkov pod doh\u013eadom \u0161t\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Medzi tak\u00fdchto opatrovn\u00edkov \u010dasto patrili aj duchovn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Depresia v renesancii a osvietenstve<\/h3>\n

V roku 1621 vy\u0161la prv\u00e1 kniha o depresii<\/strong>: Anat\u00f3mia melanch\u00f3lie od Richarda Burtona.<\/p>\n

Kniha rozoberala r\u00f4zne pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby lie\u010dby depresie, ktor\u00e9 pozn\u00e1me aj dnes<\/strong> – napr\u00edklad cvi\u010denie, di\u00e9ta, cestovanie, bylinky a muzikoterapia.<\/p>\n

Po\u010das \u00e9ry osvietenstva sa n\u00e1zory t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa depresie za\u010dali meni\u0165 a pr\u00e1ve v tomto obdob\u00ed sa za\u010dali pribli\u017eova\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161mu modern\u00e9mu ch\u00e1paniu. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Do popredia sa za\u010dala dost\u00e1va\u0165 my\u0161lienka, \u017ee depresia pramen\u00ed z potl\u00e1\u010dan\u00e9ho a nadmern\u00e9ho hnevu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00ed tie\u017e verili, \u017ee t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed \u017eij\u00fa s depresiou, potrebuj\u00fa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 fyzick\u00fa pr\u00e1cu a viac cvi\u010denia<\/strong>, aby probl\u00e9m vyrie\u0161ili.<\/p>\n

Existovali aj niektor\u00e9 extr\u00e9mne formy lie\u010dby, ako napr\u00edklad rotuj\u00faca stoli\u010dka. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Verilo sa, \u017ee to\u010denie osoby, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vyhroten\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, m\u00f4\u017ee napravi\u0165 veci v mozgu<\/strong> a ukon\u010di\u0165 depresiu.<\/p>\n

Na konci obdobia osvietenstva vyzval franc\u00fazsky psychiater Philippe Pinel na ukon\u010denie sp\u00fatavania du\u0161evne chor\u00fdch pacientov, poskytol niektor\u00e9 z prv\u00fdch spisov o schizofr\u00e9nii a in\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch<\/strong> du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia, a zaviedol klasifik\u00e1ciu du\u0161evn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b.<\/p>\n

V tomto obdob\u00ed a za\u010diatkom viktori\u00e1nskej \u00e9ry sa za\u010dala formova\u0165 oblas\u0165 klinickej neurovedy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Depresia vo viktori\u00e1nskej \u00e9re<\/h3>\n

Oblas\u0165 kognit\u00edvnej psychol\u00f3gie sa za\u010dala akt\u00edvnej\u0161ie vyv\u00edja\u0165<\/strong> po\u010das viktori\u00e1nskej \u00e9ry.<\/p>\n

Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee v\u00fdraz \u201edepresia\u201c sa po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objavil v tomto storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1le v\u0161ak bolo ve\u013ea nejasnost\u00ed o tom, \u010do depresiu sp\u00f4sobuje a ako ju lie\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00ed verili, \u017ee depresiu sp\u00f4sobuje modern\u00fd svet. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mysleli si, \u017ee t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed \u017eili \u017eivotom vy\u0161\u0161ej triedy, mali tendenciu by\u0165 n\u00e1chylnej\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> a t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed boli robotn\u00edkmi, mohli by\u0165 vo\u010di depresii im\u00fanni.<\/p>\n

Preto verili, \u017ee fyzick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca a cvi\u010denie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou lie\u010dby.<\/p>\n

Lek\u00e1ri za\u010dali vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 sanat\u00f3ri\u00e1, kde sa \u013eudia mohli vystavova\u0165 \u010derstv\u00e9mu vzduchu, pohybu a zdrav\u00e9mu stravovaniu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V 19. storo\u010d\u00ed niektor\u00ed z t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed chceli zarobi\u0165 peniaze, za\u010dali pred\u00e1va\u0165 lieky na nervy a mozog \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed pre\u017e\u00edvali melanch\u00f3liu.<\/p>\n

Navy\u0161e, a\u017e v tomto obdob\u00ed hist\u00f3rie \u013eudia\u00a0za\u010dali sp\u00e1ja\u0165 melanch\u00f3liu (alebo depresiu) s em\u00f3ciami. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bol to v\u00fdznamn\u00fd posun v perspekt\u00edve, preto\u017ee to \u010dasto pomohlo lek\u00e1rom, aby za\u010dali vidie\u0165, \u017ee em\u00f3cie a sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm \u013eudia myslia, m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e ovplyvni\u0165 telo<\/strong>, namiesto toho, aby to fungovalo len naopak.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Depresia a dvojit\u00fd pr\u00edstup k du\u0161evnej chorobe<\/h3>\n

Bol to nemeck\u00fd psychiater Emil Kraepelin z 19. storo\u010dia<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd za\u010dal ozna\u010dova\u0165 r\u00f4zne formy melanch\u00f3lie ako \u201edepres\u00edvne stavy\u201c, a to pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li n\u00edzkej n\u00e1lade, ktor\u00e1 ju definuje.<\/p>\n

Kraepelin tie\u017e zaujal dvojit\u00fd pr\u00edstup k du\u0161evn\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m, pri\u010dom rozdelil depresiu do dvoch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed: maniodepresia a demencia praecox.<\/p>\n

Kraepelinovo rozli\u0161ovanie bolo zalo\u017een\u00e9 na tom, \u010di bol zdroj depresie vonkaj\u0161\u00ed alebo vn\u00fatorn\u00fd: ak bola depresia sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 vonkaj\u0161ou trag\u00e9diou, ako je smr\u0165 milovanej osoby, pova\u017eovala sa za formu maniodepresie a o\u010dak\u00e1valo sa, \u017ee bude epizodick\u00e1<\/strong> a prech\u00e1dzaj\u00faca.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Depresia, ktor\u00e1 nepoch\u00e1dza zo zn\u00e1mej vonkaj\u0161ej pr\u00ed\u010diny, sa v\u0161ak ch\u00e1pala tak, \u017ee \u201evyr\u00e1stla\u201c z psychiky jednotlivca.<\/p>\n

Rozdiel medzi oboma typmi<\/strong> depresie, ktor\u00fd urobil Kraepelin, je aj dnes st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1lny<\/strong>: mnoh\u00ed pacienti hovoria o tom, ako s\u00fa \u013eudia ochotnej\u0161\u00ed prejavi\u0165 s\u00facit, ak je zdroj ich depresie jasne pochopen\u00fd: jednotlivec, ktor\u00e9ho depresia bola sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 svedkom traumatickej udalosti pravdepodobne z\u00edska v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu soci\u00e1lnu podporu ako osoba, ktorej depresia sa objavila po\u010das dospievania.<\/p>\n

Adolf Meyer sa pova\u017euje za \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd oddelil term\u00edn \u201emelanch\u00f3lia\u201c od depresie, \u010d\u00edm n\u00e1m dal lek\u00e1rsky term\u00edn depresia, ako ho pozn\u00e1me dnes.<\/p>\n

V roku 1917 Sigmund Freud nap\u00edsal o sm\u00fatku a melanch\u00f3lii, kde teoretizoval o melanch\u00f3lii ako o reakcii na stratu<\/strong>, \u010di u\u017e skuto\u010dn\u00fa (napr\u00edklad smr\u0165) alebo symbolick\u00fa (napr\u00edklad nedosiahnutie po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho cie\u013ea).<\/p>\n

Freud \u010falej veril, \u017ee nevedom\u00fd hnev \u010dloveka nad jeho stratou vedie k sebanen\u00e1visti a sebade\u0161trukt\u00edvnemu spr\u00e1vaniu.<\/p>\n

C\u00edtil, \u017ee psychoanal\u00fdza m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u010dloveku vyrie\u0161i\u0165 tieto nevedom\u00e9 konflikty, zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 sebade\u0161trukt\u00edvne my\u0161lienky<\/strong> a spr\u00e1vanie.<\/p>\n

In\u00ed lek\u00e1ri v tomto obdob\u00ed v\u0161ak pova\u017eovali depresiu za poruchu mozgu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Viac o konkr\u00e9tnych lie\u010debn\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch naprie\u010d dejinami, sa do\u010d\u00edtate v \u010fal\u0161om pokra\u010dovan\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prin\u00e1\u0161ame v\u00e1m \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nok zo s\u00e9rie dej\u00edn depresie, dozviete sa ako jej v\u00fdvoj napredoval, a ako sa menil postoj \u013eud\u00ed k jej ch\u00e1paniu v posledn\u00fdch<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8457"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8457\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}