{"id":8491,"date":"2023-10-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ockovanie\/"},"modified":"2023-10-04T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T23:00:00","slug":"ockovanie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ockovanie\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u010dkovanie nepochybne zachr\u00e1nilo mnoho \u017eivotov. Nov\u00e9 typy vakc\u00edn s\u00fa efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie a jednoduch\u0161ie na v\u00fdrobu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pand\u00e9mia ochorenia COVID-19, ktor\u00e1 zasiahla cel\u00fd svet pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi, priniesla nev\u00eddan\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. V tejto dobe, kedy sa \u013eudstvo stret\u00e1valo so zdravotn\u00edckou kr\u00edzou obrovsk\u00fdch rozmerov, sa na\u0161\u0165astie dostali na sc\u00e9nu vedeck\u00e9 a\u00a0technologick\u00e9 inov\u00e1cie<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 pomohli zvr\u00e1ti\u0165 jej smerovanie.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1zory \u013eud\u00ed na o\u010dkovanie za pomoci nov\u00fdch mRNA vakc\u00edn sa l\u00ed\u0161ili. Zatia\u013e \u010do jedna skupina sa bez v\u00e1hania dala zao\u010dkova\u0165, t\u00e1 druha bola skeptickej\u0161ia<\/strong>. Rovnako v\u0161ak vznikali aj hoaxy \u010di zav\u00e1dzaj\u00face spr\u00e1vy, o\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sme v\u00e1s informovali v\u00a0na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak pr\u00ednos tohto vedeck\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu dok\u00e1\u017eeme pred\u00eds\u0165 stovk\u00e1m chor\u00fdch je nepopierate\u013en\u00fd. Nobelov v\u00fdbor Karol\u00ednskeho in\u0161tit\u00fatu v\u00a0\u0160tokholme preto ocenil pr\u00e1cu dvojice vedcov. Ako p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l Teraz.sk, tohtoro\u010dn\u00fa Nobelovu cenu za fyziol\u00f3giu a\u00a0medic\u00ednu z\u00edskala biochemi\u010dka Katalin Kariko\u00f3va a\u00a0imunol\u00f3g Dew Weissman<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Okrem samotn\u00e9ho ocenenia z\u00edskaj\u00fa aj skoro mili\u00f3n eur, ktor\u00e9 si rozdelia. Zdroj: pexels.com\/@ds-stories\/\n

\u201eLaure\u00e1ti svojimi prelomov\u00fdmi objavmi z\u00e1sadne zmenili ch\u00e1panie toho, ako medi\u00e1torov\u00e9 RNA vakc\u00edny interaguj\u00fa s na\u0161\u00edm imunitn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom. Prispeli tak k bezprecedentn\u00e9mu tempu v\u00fdvoja vakc\u00edn po\u010das jednej z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch hrozieb pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie v modernej dobe,\u201c<\/em> uviedol v\u00fdbor.<\/p>\n

Za\u010diatky prevencie<\/h3>\n

Za otca o\u010dkovania m\u00f4\u017eeme pova\u017eova\u0165 britsk\u00e9ho lek\u00e1ra Edwarda Jennera<\/strong>. Ten si v\u0161imol, \u017ee doji\u010dky kr\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 sa nakazili takzvan\u00fdmi kravsk\u00fdmi kiah\u0148ami boli im\u00fanne proti prav\u00fdm kiah\u0148am, ktor\u00e9 vtedy zu\u017eovali \u013eudstvo, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l RTVS.<\/p>\n

Ten e\u0161te v\u00a0roku 1796 zao\u010dkoval prvou vakc\u00ednou 13-ro\u010dn\u00e9ho chlapca proti spom\u00ednan\u00e9mu ochoreniu. Na z\u00e1klade tohto objavu prebiehali po\u010das 18. a\u00a019. storo\u010dia rozsiahle systematick\u00e9 o\u010dkovania. V\u010faka nim do\u0161lo k\u00a0\u00fapln\u00e9mu vymiznutiu tohto z\u00e1kern\u00e9ho ochorenia v\u00a0roku 1979<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak ne\u0161lo o\u00a0prv\u00fa met\u00f3du, pomocou ktorej sa lek\u00e1ri sna\u017eili vytvori\u0165 imunitu u\u00a0\u013eud\u00ed<\/strong>. Ako p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l Britannica, \u00e1zijsk\u00ed lek\u00e1ri pod\u00e1vali de\u0165om usu\u0161en\u00e9 strupy kiahn\u00ed. Niektor\u00e9 z nich naozaj z\u00edskali imunitu, in\u00e9 sa v\u0161ak zbyto\u010dne nakazili.<\/p>\n

Jenner preto namiesto o\u010dkovania kiah\u0148ami zvolil alternat\u00edvu, a\u00a0to l\u00e1tku im podobn\u00fa. T\u00e1 bola bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ia. Okrem toho, \u017ee zabr\u00e1nil n\u00e1kaze vakc\u00ednou, zu\u017eitkoval aj pomerne vz\u00e1cny fenom\u00e9n, kedy odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di jedn\u00e9mu ochoreniu chr\u00e1ni pacienta aj pred \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi podobn\u00fdmi chorobami<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

In\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, rovnak\u00fd v\u00fdsledok<\/h3>\n

Odporcovia o\u010dkovania proti ochoreniu COVID-19 \u010dastokr\u00e1t upozor\u0148ovali na to, \u017ee ide o\u00a0nov\u00fa a\u00a0neotestovan\u00fa technol\u00f3giu. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do tieto vakc\u00edny odsudzovali, bola pomerne kr\u00e1tka doba, ktor\u00e1 bola potrebn\u00e1 na jej v\u00fdvoj a\u00a0uvedenie na trh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ako uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Medical News Today, medzi takzvan\u00fdmi klasick\u00fdmi a\u00a0nov\u00fdmi mRNA vakc\u00ednami existuje nieko\u013eko rozdielov. Nov\u00fd typ vakc\u00edn je v\u0161ak jednoduch\u0161\u00ed na vytvorenie, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ich produkcia je krat\u0161ia. Aj v\u010faka tomu sa stali d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 po\u010das pand\u00e9mie<\/strong>, ke\u010f\u017ee ochorenie sa \u0161\u00edrilo r\u00fdchlo po celom svete.<\/p>\n Po\u010das pand\u00e9mie ste sa mohli zao\u010dkova\u0165 aj tradi\u010dnou vakc\u00ednou. Jednou z nich bola napr\u00edklad rusk\u00e1 o\u010dkovacia l\u00e1tka Sputnik. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@mufidpwt\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00ed rozdiel m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 v\u00a0syst\u00e9me ich fungovania. Zatia\u013e \u010do klasick\u00e9 vakc\u00edny obsahovali usmrten\u00fa alebo oslaben\u00fa vzorku patog\u00e9nu, nov\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa iba prote\u00edn<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd obsahuje. Okrem toho sa \u0148ou m\u00f4\u017eu zao\u010dkova\u0165 aj \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed doposia\u013e t\u00fato mo\u017enos\u0165 nemali. Av\u0161ak po\u017eadovan\u00fd v\u00fdsledok je rovnak\u00fd \u2013 posilnenie imunity a\u00a0vytvorenie odolnosti proti dan\u00e9mu ochoreniu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Postupn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a bud\u00facnos\u0165<\/h3>\n

Relat\u00edvne r\u00fdchle uvedenie vakc\u00edn od spolo\u010dnosti Pfizer a\u00a0Moderna by nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 bez predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho nieko\u013ekoro\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoju v\u00a0tejto oblasti<\/strong>. Za ten v\u010fa\u010d\u00edme pr\u00e1ve tohtoro\u010dn\u00fdm laure\u00e1tom Nobelovej ceny.<\/p>\n

\u201eMus\u00edm v\u00e1m poveda\u0165, \u017ee od roku 2002 nepou\u017e\u00edvam ani tla\u010diare\u0148, ani papier, ni\u010d. Dnes je u\u017e v\u0161etko zdigitalizovan\u00e9, no na\u0161\u0165astie som v roku 1998 st\u00e1la pri tla\u010diarni,\u201c<\/em> op\u00edsala biochemi\u010dka Katalin Kariko\u00f3va prv\u00e9 stretnutie s\u00a0Dewom Weissmanom pre podcast The Daily denn\u00edka New York Times.<\/p>\n

V obdob\u00ed, ke\u010f za\u010dali ich sk\u00famanie u\u017e existovali \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy ako umelo vyrobi\u0165 mRNA mimo tela \u017eivo\u010d\u00edcha. Len\u017ee tie sa pova\u017eovali za pr\u00edli\u0161 nestabiln\u00e9 a\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9<\/strong>. Okrem toho vyvol\u00e1vali u\u00a0zao\u010dkovan\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchoch z\u00e1palov\u00e9 reakcie, uv\u00e1dza Veda na dosah.<\/p>\n

O\u010dkovanie sa od svojho prv\u00e9ho uvedenia stalo doslova kultov\u00fdm. Vedci a lek\u00e1ri preuk\u00e1zate\u013ene dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee jeho v\u00fdhody n\u00e1sobne prevy\u0161uj\u00fa mo\u017en\u00e9 rizik\u00e1. \u00daspech nov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch procesoch m\u00f4\u017ee zapr\u00ed\u010dini\u0165 zmenu v celkovom pr\u00edstupe, pri\u010dom na tie klasick\u00e9 sa mo\u017eno \u00faplne zabudne<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pand\u00e9mia ochorenia COVID-19, ktor\u00e1 zasiahla cel\u00fd svet pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi, priniesla nev\u00eddan\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. V tejto dobe, kedy sa \u013eudstvo stret\u00e1valo so zdravotn\u00edckou kr\u00edzou obrovsk\u00fdch rozmerov,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8491"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8491\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}