{"id":8505,"date":"2023-10-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/vzorky-z-asteroidu\/"},"modified":"2023-10-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T23:00:00","slug":"vzorky-z-asteroidu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/vzorky-z-asteroidu\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA pozbierala vzorky z asteroidu. Objavila na nich prvky potrebn\u00e9 pre vznik \u017eivota"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Plan\u00e9ta Zem je len jedn\u00fdm z mnoh\u00fdch telies, ktor\u00e9 existuj\u00fa v roz\u013eahlom vesm\u00edre. Rokmi budovan\u00fdm \u013eudsk\u00fdm poznan\u00edm vieme vysvetli\u0165 mnoho biologick\u00fdch, chemick\u00fdch \u010di fyzik\u00e1lnych javov, no dodnes \u00faplne nevieme, <strong>ako to bolo so vznikom vhodn\u00fdch podmienok pre existenciu \u017eivota na na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Odpove\u010f na t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 pri sk\u00faman\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Dlhodob\u00fdm pozorovan\u00edm vesm\u00edrnych telies a\u00a0<strong>z\u00edskavan\u00edm vzoriek z\u00a0ich povrchu m\u00f4\u017eeme z\u00edska\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o\u00a0ich zlo\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1ve z\u00a0to n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165 ako vyzeral vesm\u00edr pri jeho vzniku, \u010di to, ako vznikol \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00a0minulosti sme mohli vidie\u0165 nieko\u013eko misi\u00ed<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 si kladli tento cie\u013e. Najaktu\u00e1lnej\u0161ia v\u0161ak je misia americk\u00e9ho N\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho \u00faradu pre letectvo a vesm\u00edr, ke\u010f\u017ee t\u00e1 zapo\u010dala len v roku 2016, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Teraz.sk.<\/p>\n<p>Koncom septembra tohto roku sa na Zem vr\u00e1tila kapsula, ktor\u00e1 so sebou priniesla historicky najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo vzorky z\u00a0vesm\u00edru \u2013 pribli\u017ene 250 gramov. \u0160\u00e9f NASA Bill Nelson pri blaho\u017eelan\u00ed jeho spolupracovn\u00edkom povedal: <em>\u201eNemo\u017en\u00e9 sa stalo mo\u017en\u00fdm.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Priebeh misie<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Spom\u00ednan\u00fd asteroid Bennu bol vybrat\u00fd spomedzi pol mili\u00f3na zn\u00e1mych asteroidov na <strong>z\u00e1klade viacer\u00fdch faktorov<\/strong>. Ako informuje port\u00e1l Veda na dosah, prv\u00fdm z\u00a0nich bola mal\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 od Zeme. Okrem toho jeho priemer nesmel by\u0165 men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 200 metrov a\u00a0musel obsahova\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fa z\u00e1sobu primit\u00edvneho uhlik\u00e1teho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci misie NASA New Frontiers bola vypusten\u00e1 sonda s\u00a0n\u00e1zvom OSIRIS-REx 8. septembra 2016. K\u00a0svojmu cie\u013eu sa v\u0161ak dostala a\u017e o\u00a0dva roky a\u00a0tri mesiace, \u010di\u017ee 3. decembra 2018. <strong>Takmer cel\u00fd nasleduj\u00faci rok str\u00e1vila sonda analyzovan\u00edm a\u00a0mapovan\u00edm asteroidu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"To Bennu and Back: Journey\u2019s End\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/O8R2hsoIgTc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0okt\u00f3bri roku 2020 sa sonda kone\u010dne pribl\u00ed\u017eila k\u00a0samotn\u00e9mu asteroidu. Pomocou robotickej ruky sa sonda dotkla povrchu vesm\u00edrneho telesa, <strong>\u010d\u00edm rozv\u00edrila okolit\u00fa horninu a\u00a0prach<\/strong>, p\u00ed\u0161e NASA na svojej webovej str\u00e1nke. Po nazbieran\u00ed minim\u00e1lneho mno\u017estva vzorky \u2013 60 gramov \u2013 sa kapsula uzavrela.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm sa ukon\u010dila naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 misie a\u00a0nasledovala 2,5-ro\u010dna cesta sp\u00e4\u0165 na Zem. Sonda nakoniec vypustila kapsulu chr\u00e1nen\u00fa tepeln\u00fdm \u0161t\u00edtom a\u00a0vybaven\u00fa syst\u00e9mom pad\u00e1kov smerom k\u00a0povrchu na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty. <strong>Misia sa skon\u010dila 24. septembra, kedy kapsula dopadla na p\u00fa\u0161ti v\u00a0americkom \u0161t\u00e1te Utah<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fd objav<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Na spom\u00ednanej p\u00fa\u0161ti sa dlho nezdr\u017eala, ke\u010f\u017ee kr\u00e1tko po dopade ju vyp\u00e1trali a\u00a0previezli do laborat\u00f3ri\u00ed NASA v\u00a0\u0161t\u00e1te Texas. Tam ju za\u010dali pomaly presk\u00fama\u0165, \u010d\u00edm odhalili, \u017ee <strong>sonde sa podarilo z\u00edska\u0165 omnoho viac materi\u00e1lu ne\u017e o\u010dak\u00e1vali<\/strong>, informuje port\u00e1l telev\u00edzie CNN.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201ePrv\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee vzorky obsahuj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vody vo forme hydratovan\u00fdch \u00edlov\u00fdch miner\u00e1lov a obsahuj\u00fa uhl\u00edk vo forme miner\u00e1lov aj organick\u00fdch molek\u00fal,&#8220;<\/em> povedal Nelson.<\/p>\n Na asteroide Ryugu objavili japonsk\u00ed vedci uracil, jednu z nukleob\u00e1z RNA. Zdroj: pexels.com\/@neale-lasalle-197020\/\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve uhl\u00edk a voda s\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 prvky, bez ktor\u00fdch \u017eivot ako ho pozn\u00e1me nem\u00f4\u017ee existova\u0165. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee niekde vo vesm\u00edre <strong>sa m\u00f4\u017ee nach\u00e1dza\u0165<\/strong> <strong>mimozemsk\u00fd \u017eivot<\/strong>, o ktorom sme v\u00e1s informovali va\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<p>Transform\u00e1ciu na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty vysvetlil hlavn\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00edk tejto misie Dante Lauretta: <em>\u201eD\u00f4vodom, pre\u010do je Zem ob\u00fdvate\u013en\u00e1, pre\u010do m\u00e1me oce\u00e1ny, jazer\u00e1, rieky a d\u00e1\u017e\u010f, je to, \u017ee tieto \u00edlov\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly prist\u00e1li na Zem pred 4 a\u017e 4,5 miliardami rokov a urobili n\u00e1\u0161 svet ob\u00fdvate\u013en\u00fdm.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdmto \u00faspechom v\u0161ak sk\u00famanie nekon\u010d\u00ed, preto\u017ee spom\u00ednan\u00fd objav zi\u0161iel iba z\u00a0\u010dasti vzorky, ktor\u00e1 bola okam\u017eite dostupn\u00e1 po otvoren\u00ed kapsule. \u010eal\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 sa v\u0161ak <strong>schov\u00e1va vo vn\u00fatornej kapsule<\/strong>. Vedci d\u00fafaj\u00fa, \u017ee objavia re\u0165azce aminokysel\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 tvoria prote\u00edny.<\/p>\n<h3>Minulos\u0165 a bud\u00facnos\u0165 asteroidu<\/h3>\n<p>Materi\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 sa americk\u00fdm vedcom podarili z\u00edska\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eu posun\u00fa\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie vzniku \u017eivota a\u00a0slne\u010dnej s\u00fastavy. <em>\u201eKe\u010f nahliadneme do d\u00e1vnych tajomstiev zachovan\u00fdch v prachu a hornin\u00e1ch asteroidu Bennu, odomkneme \u010dasov\u00fa schr\u00e1nku, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m pon\u00faka hlbok\u00fd poh\u013ead na po\u010diatky na\u0161ej slne\u010dnej s\u00fastavy,\u201c<\/em> uviedol Laurett po\u010das tla\u010dovej konferencie.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem toho im pon\u00fakne aj hlb\u0161ie poznanie o\u00a0asteroide, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee ohrozi\u0165 \u017eivot na Zemi. Obe\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty a\u00a0asteroidu sa toti\u017e <strong>maj\u00fa v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti prekr\u00ed\u017ei\u0165<\/strong>. Najviac rizikov\u00fdm by mal by\u0165 koniec 22. a\u00a0za\u010diatok 23. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n<p>Ako informuje National Geographic, asteroid m\u00e1 24. septembra 2182 \u0161ancu <strong>1 ku 2700<\/strong>, \u017ee zasiahne na\u0161u plan\u00e9tu. Toto \u010d\u00edslo s\u00edce znie desivo, no t\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia pravdepodobne nenastane. Pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee n\u00e1s nezasiahne v\u00a0najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch troch storo\u010diach je a\u017e 99,9 percenta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plan\u00e9ta Zem je len jedn\u00fdm z mnoh\u00fdch telies, ktor\u00e9 existuj\u00fa v roz\u013eahlom vesm\u00edre. Rokmi budovan\u00fdm \u013eudsk\u00fdm poznan\u00edm vieme vysvetli\u0165 mnoho biologick\u00fdch, chemick\u00fdch \u010di fyzik\u00e1lnych javov,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8505"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8505\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}