{"id":8512,"date":"2023-10-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-19T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/umela-inteligencia-a-historia\/"},"modified":"2023-10-20T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T23:00:00","slug":"umela-inteligencia-a-historia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/umela-inteligencia-a-historia\/","title":{"rendered":"Umel\u00e1 inteligencia a hist\u00f3ria: \u0160tudent odhalil prv\u00e9 slovo na 2000 rokov starom zvitku"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyskytuj\u00face pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 katastrofy, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa povodne, torn\u00e1da \u010di zemetrasenia. Zrejme najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ia \u017eiveln\u00e1 pohroma v\u0161ak zasiahla starovek\u00e9 mesto Pompeje<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eete n\u00e1js\u0165 pri pobre\u017e\u00ed Tyrrhensk\u00e9ho mora.<\/p>\n

Ne\u010faleko mesta sa nach\u00e1dzala sopka, ktor\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pova\u017eovala za oby\u010dajn\u00fd kopec. Pravdu o tomto pohor\u00ed vedelo iba nieko\u013eko u\u010dencov. T\u00ed sa v\u0161ak domnievali, \u017ee je u\u017e d\u00e1vno vyhasnut\u00e1, a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom nie je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1<\/strong> pre obyvate\u013eov mesta.<\/p>\n

Len\u017ee 24. augusta v roku 79 n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu za\u010dala sopka chrli\u0165 dym a l\u00e1va sa za\u010dala pribli\u017eova\u0165 k mestu. Nejde v\u0161ak o jedin\u00fa postihnut\u00fa oblas\u0165. Jednou z nich je aj starovek\u00e9 mesto Herculaneum, kde sa nach\u00e1dzala aj vila svokra J\u00falia C\u00e9zara<\/strong>, informuje port\u00e1l scrollprize.org.<\/p>\n

A\u017e 20 metrov hor\u00faceho blata a popola zalialo pivnicu tohto obydlia. Nemalo starobyl\u00fdch textov v d\u00f4sledku vysokej teploty zhorelo, no po dlh\u00e9 st\u00e1ro\u010dia k nim nemal pr\u00edstup vzduch, v\u010faka \u010domu sa zachovali. Objaven\u00e9 boli a\u017e v polovici 18. storo\u010dia pri stavbe stud\u0148ovej \u0161achty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nesp\u00fatan\u00e1 zvedavos\u0165<\/h3>\n

Okam\u017eite po ich objaven\u00ed sa \u013eudia sna\u017eili zisti\u0165, ak\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie sa v\u00a0nich skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa. Len\u017ee v\u00a0snahe rozl\u00fa\u0161ti\u0165 ich objav bolo zni\u010den\u00fdch asi 800 zvitkov<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Veda na dosah. Ich obsah preto zostal nezn\u00e1my nieko\u013eko \u010fal\u0161\u00edch storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Op\u00e4tovn\u00fd z\u00e1ujem o\u00a0ich rozl\u00fa\u0161tenie pri\u0161iel e\u0161te v\u00a0roku 2002. Av\u0161ak najprv sa im podarilo rozl\u00fa\u0161ti\u0165 text z Ejn Gedi v\u00a0Izraeli. Pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lneho 3D r\u00f6ntgenu dok\u00e1zali digit\u00e1lne roztvori\u0165 tento zvitok<\/strong> a\u00a0text dok\u00e1zali pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165, informuje The Guardian.<\/p>\n Zvitok, ktor\u00fd objavili v bl\u00edzkosti M\u0155tveho mora obsahoval biblick\u00fd text Leviticus. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@aaronburden\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee tento zvitok a\u00a0zvitky zo spom\u00ednanej pivnice boli nap\u00edsan\u00e9 in\u00fdm atramentom<\/strong>, ich rozl\u00fa\u0161tenie nie je tak jednoduch\u00e9. Pou\u017eili pri tom algoritmus umelej inteligencie, ktor\u00e9ho \u00falohou bolo h\u013eadanie miest, kde sa nach\u00e1dza atrament na zvitku.<\/p>\n

\u201eV prvom rade d\u00fafame, \u017ee sa n\u00e1m podar\u00ed zdokonali\u0165 technol\u00f3giu tak, aby sme ju mohli jednoducho aplikova\u0165 na v\u0161etk\u00fdch 900 zvitkov, ktor\u00e9 zostali [nerozbalen\u00e9],\u201c<\/em> povedal o\u00a0algoritme v\u00a0roku 2019 profesor po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch vied Brent Seales z\u00a0Kentuckej univerzity.<\/p>\n

Verejn\u00e1 s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e<\/h3>\n

Aj napriek tomu, \u017ee urobili nemal\u00fd postup pri odha\u013eovan\u00ed starovek\u00e9ho textu, rozhodli sa zorganizova\u0165 verejn\u00fa s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e. „V\u0161etci sme sa zhodli, \u017ee sa rad\u0161ej sk\u00f4r dostaneme k \u010d\u00edtaniu toho, \u010do je vn\u00fatri, ne\u017e aby sme sa sna\u017eili v\u0161etko schov\u00e1va\u0165,“<\/em> hovor\u00ed Seales.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiacim poskytli v\u0161etky obr\u00e1zky virtu\u00e1lne rozvinut\u00e9ho zvitku a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd k\u00f3d umelej inteligencie, ktor\u00fa vyv\u00edjali pre tento \u00fa\u010del. Rovnako v\u0161ak deklarovali, \u017ee t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pr\u00eddu s nov\u00fdm objavom dostan\u00fa odmenu<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza portal Nature.<\/p>\n

Vesuvius Challange oslovil pribli\u017ene 1500 t\u00edmov, ktor\u00e9 za\u010dali sk\u00fama\u0165 spom\u00ednan\u00e9 skeny zvitkov. Ako informuje port\u00e1l Cybernews, prv\u00fdm v\u00fdhercom sa stal Casey Handmer. Za svoje d\u00f4kazy o\u00a0tom, \u017ee v\u00a0uzatvorenom zvitku sa nepopierate\u013ene nach\u00e1dza atrament<\/strong> dostal 10-tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n

Na ten objav nadviazal iba 21-ro\u010dn\u00fd \u0161tudent informatiky, ktor\u00fd pomocou svojho algoritmu dok\u00e1zal identifikova\u0165 prv\u00e9 slovo, za \u010do z\u00edskal 40-tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov. Starogr\u00e9cke slovo \u201eporphyras\u201c<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eeme prelo\u017ei\u0165 ako \u201efialov\u00e1\u201c<\/em><\/strong> je prv\u00fdm slovom, ktor\u00e9 sa podarilo pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 z\u00a0t\u00fdchto zvitkov.<\/p>\n Kontext tohto slova zatia\u013e nie je zn\u00e1my. Fialov\u00fd pigment bol v\u0161ak v hist\u00f3rii ve\u013emi vz\u00e1cny. Zdroj: pexels.com\/@suzyhazelwood\/\n

Nebol v\u0161ak jedin\u00fd, ktor\u00fd pri\u0161iel s\u00a0rovnak\u00fdm objavom. Kr\u00e1tko po \u0148om uverejnil rovnak\u00fd objav \u2013 av\u0161ak v\u00a0lep\u0161ej kvalite<\/strong> \u2013 absolvent Free University of Berlin Youssef Nader. Odmenili ho druhou cenou za tento objav, \u010do bolo 10-tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00e1 cena st\u00e1le \u010dak\u00e1<\/h3>\n

Spom\u00ednan\u00e1 s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e v\u0161ak t\u00fdmito odhaleniami neskon\u010dila, preto\u017ee jej hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom je rozl\u00fa\u0161ti\u0165 4 s\u00favisl\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0nich mus\u00ed obsahova\u0165 aspo\u0148 140 znakov<\/strong>. Pre t\u00edm, ktor\u00fd prinesie tento prevratn\u00fd objav \u010dak\u00e1 fin\u00e1lna cena \u2013 70-tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edk Brent Seales d\u00fafa, \u017ee \u010das\u0165 textu, ktor\u00e1 by sp\u013a\u0148ala po\u017eiadavky s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee, bude rozl\u00fa\u0161ten\u00e1 do konca tohto roku. Taktie\u017e ver\u00ed, \u017ee cel\u00fd obsah tohto zvitku by mohol by\u0165 zn\u00e1my do konca bud\u00faceho roka<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l telev\u00edzie CNN.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0tomto texte, ktor\u00fd je star\u00fd 2000 rokov m\u00f4\u017eu pod\u013ea neho by\u0165 z\u00e1pisy o\u00a0l\u00e1ske, vojne \u010di mieri. \u201eTieto rukopisy s\u00fa dial\u00f3gy, ktor\u00e9 viedli o filozofick\u00fdch n\u00e1zoroch na svet,\u201c<\/em> uviedol. Taktie\u017e v\u0161ak r\u00e1ta s\u00a0mo\u017enos\u0165ou, \u017ee nepr\u00eddu na ni\u010d z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9. Uviedol: \u201eAj napriek tomu, \u017ee sa z nich ni\u010d nedozvieme, ale hlbok\u00e9 v\u00e4zby, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1me so star\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi z h\u013eadiska \u013eudskej podstaty, s\u00fa st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u00e9.\u201c<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyskytuj\u00face pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 katastrofy, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa povodne, torn\u00e1da \u010di zemetrasenia. Zrejme najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ia \u017eiveln\u00e1 pohroma v\u0161ak zasiahla starovek\u00e9 mesto Pompeje, ktor\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8512"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8512\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}