{"id":8524,"date":"2023-10-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/autorske-prava-a-umela-inteligencia\/"},"modified":"2023-10-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T23:00:00","slug":"autorske-prava-a-umela-inteligencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/autorske-prava-a-umela-inteligencia\/","title":{"rendered":"Autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va a umel\u00e1 inteligencia: Odborn\u00edci vytvorili n\u00e1stroj, ktor\u00fdm chc\u00fa ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 tvorcov obsahu"},"content":{"rendered":"

V za\u010diatkoch umelej inteligencie bola jej schopnos\u0165 vygenerova\u0165 zmyslupln\u00fd obsah obmedzen\u00e1, ale v posledn\u00fdch mesiacoch sa situ\u00e1cia drasticky zmenila. Modely strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa obr\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u010dasto na nerozoznanie od skuto\u010dn\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed alebo umeleck\u00fdch diel<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Tento fenom\u00e9n up\u00fatal nielen technologick\u00fdch nad\u0161encov, ale aj be\u017en\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd z\u00e1ujem o\u00a0t\u00fato technol\u00f3giu sp\u00f4sobil, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch modelov sa rap\u00eddne ur\u00fdchlil<\/strong>. Len\u017ee niektor\u00e9 z\u00a0nich dodnes vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku sme v\u00e1s informovali o\u00a0modeloch Midjourney, Stable Diffusion a\u00a0DreamUp, ktor\u00e9 boli vytr\u00e9novan\u00e9 za pomoci verejne dostupnej kni\u017enice obr\u00e1zkov laion-5B. Medzi t\u00fdmito obr\u00e1zkami sa vyskytuj\u00fa aj tie, na ktor\u00e9 sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va umelcov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Tento probl\u00e9m by v\u0161ak mohol by\u0165 minulos\u0165ou. T\u00edm odborn\u00edkov z\u00a0University of Chicago toti\u017e vytvoril n\u00e1stroj, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 pom\u00f4c\u0165 tvorcom obsahu ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 ich du\u0161evn\u00e9 vlastn\u00edctvo pred t\u00fdmito spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami. Pod\u013ea tvorcov tohto n\u00e1stroja ide o \u201eposledn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob ochrany.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chyba v\u00a0syst\u00e9me<\/h3>\n

Tr\u00e9ning generat\u00edvnej umelej inteligencie spo\u010d\u00edva v poskytnut\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva d\u00e1t. Ak chcete, aby v\u00e1\u0161 model strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia bol schopn\u00fd vytvori\u0165 obr\u00e1zok ur\u010dit\u00e9ho objektu, mus\u00edte mu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 dostatok obr\u00e1zkov tohto objektu. Kvalita vygenerovan\u00fdch obr\u00e1zkov sa odv\u00edja najm\u00e4 od kvalita a\u00a0kvantity tr\u00e9ningov\u00fdch obr\u00e1zkov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ako informuje port\u00e1l Scientific American, pri tr\u00e9novan\u00ed tak\u00e9hoto modelu nem\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 obsah, ktor\u00fd u\u017e predt\u00fdm vygenerovala umelou inteligenciou. \u201eDostane sa to do bodu, ke\u010f v\u00e1\u0161 model prakticky strat\u00ed zmysel,\u201c<\/em> uviedla v\u00fdskumn\u00ed\u010dka v oblasti strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia na Oxfordskej univerzite Ilia Shumailov\u00e1.<\/p>\n Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Adobe kompenzovala tvorcov, ktor\u00fdch obr\u00e1zky pou\u017eila pri tr\u00e9novan\u00ed svojej umelej inteligencie. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@emilybernal\n

Spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 to myslia v\u00e1\u017ene s vytvoren\u00edm modelu generat\u00edvnej umelej inteligencie, potrebuj\u00fa obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo d\u00e1t. To je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa obr\u00e1zky, na ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je to slabina tohto syst\u00e9mu, preto\u017ee \u017eiadna z t\u00fdchto spolo\u010dnost\u00ed nedok\u00e1\u017ee kontrolova\u0165 tak\u00e9 mno\u017estvo obr\u00e1zkov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u010clenovia t\u00edmu, ktor\u00ed stoja za zmienen\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom, si uvedomili t\u00fato chybu v syst\u00e9me a rozhodli sa ju vyu\u017ei\u0165 vo prospech umelcov a tvorcov obsahu. Ich program Nightshade dok\u00e1\u017ee upravi\u0165 obr\u00e1zky tak, aby dok\u00e1zali zmias\u0165 modely umelej inteligencie<\/strong> po\u010das tr\u00e9novania, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l The Verge.<\/p>\n

Otr\u00e1ven\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky<\/h3>\n

Obr\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 prejd\u00fa t\u00fdmto n\u00e1strojom maj\u00fa upraven\u00e9 pixely. Zmena v\u0161ak neuvid\u00edte vo\u013en\u00fdm okom, v\u010faka \u010domu tak\u00fdto obr\u00e1zok nedok\u00e1\u017eete odfiltrova\u0165 vizu\u00e1lnym skontrolovan\u00edm kvality obr\u00e1zka. Upraven\u00fd obr\u00e1zok m\u00f4\u017eete nahra\u0165 na internet bez ob\u00e1v<\/strong>, \u017ee by sa dal pou\u017ei\u0165 na tr\u00e9novanie umelej inteligencie.<\/p>\n

Pokia\u013e spolo\u010dnosti nechtiac pou\u017eij\u00fa takto upraven\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky pri tr\u00e9novan\u00ed ich umelej inteligencii, d\u00f4jde k\u00a0jej otr\u00e1veniu. MIT Technology Review uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee Stable Diffusion po prijat\u00ed 50 \u201eotr\u00e1ven\u00fdch\u201c obr\u00e1zkov za\u010dne generova\u0165 divne vyzeraj\u00face obr\u00e1zky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det upraven\u00fdch obr\u00e1zkov pri tr\u00e9ningu dok\u00e1\u017ee nap\u00e1cha\u0165 e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u0161kody. Model umelej inteligencie, ktor\u00fd prijal 300 obr\u00e1zkov za\u010dal generova\u0165 \u00faplne in\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky ne\u017e od nej \u017eiadali. Namiesto obr\u00e1zku psa dostali ma\u010dku, z\u00a0\u010diapky sa stala torta<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201ePrekvapuj\u00faco sme uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee mierny po\u010det Nightshade \u00fatokov m\u00f4\u017ee destabilizova\u0165 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 funkcie v prevode textu na obraz generat\u00edvneho modelu, \u010d\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinne znemo\u017en\u00ed jeho schopnos\u0165 generova\u0165 zmyslupln\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky,\u201c<\/em> uviedli autori softv\u00e9ru v\u00a0\u0161t\u00fadii.<\/p>\n Na po\u0161kodenie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho modelu by ste potrebovali tis\u00edce „otr\u00e1ven\u00fdch“ obr\u00e1zkov. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@jupp\n

N\u00e1stroj neovplyvn\u00ed iba jeden prompt (pozn, red. slovo alebo slovn\u00e9 spojenie, ktor\u00e9 p\u00ed\u0161ete do po\u017eiadavky pre umel\u00fa inteligenciu), ale aj \u010fal\u0161ie s\u00favisiace pojmy. Pri slove \u201epes\u201c<\/em>, n\u00e1stroj ovplyvn\u00ed aj slov\u00e1 \u201e\u0161te\u0148a\u201c<\/em>, \u201ehusky\u201c<\/em> or \u201evlk\u201c<\/em><\/strong>. Rovnako tomu je pri „fantasy ma\u013eba“ a „drak“.<\/p>\n

Bude to sta\u010di\u0165?<\/h3>\n

Pod\u013ea port\u00e1lu ZDNET existuje viacero mo\u017enost\u00ed, ak\u00fdm sa m\u00f4\u017eu spolo\u010dnosti vytv\u00e1raj\u00face tieto modely chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred t\u00fdmto n\u00e1strojom. Ani jeden z\u00a0nich by v\u0161ak nemal by\u0165 \u00faplne efekt\u00edvny<\/strong>, \u010do by mohlo znamena\u0165, \u017ee bud\u00fa ostra\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed pri v\u00fdbere obr\u00e1zkov.<\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00e9 modely umel\u00fdch inteligenci\u00ed, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa Stable Diffusion \u010di MidJourney, s\u00fa finan\u010dne a\u00a0\u010dasovo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na vytvorenie<\/strong>. Pri po\u0148at\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva \u201eotr\u00e1ven\u00fdch\u201c obr\u00e1zkov by museli zamestnanci manu\u00e1lne odstra\u0148ova\u0165 chybn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta. Pri mili\u00f3noch vzoriek by tento proces mohol trva\u0165 naozaj dlho.<\/p>\n

MIT Technology Reviews uv\u00e1dza vyjadrenie Vitalyho Shmatikova, profesora na Cornwell Universty, ktor\u00fd sa nepodie\u013e na v\u00fdvoji tohto n\u00e1stroja: \u201eZatia\u013e nepozn\u00e1me spo\u013eahliv\u00fa obranu proti t\u00fdmto \u00fatokom. Doteraz sme nezaznamenali \u00fatoky na modern\u00e9 modely [strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia] vo svete, ale m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 len ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasu.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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V za\u010diatkoch umelej inteligencie bola jej schopnos\u0165 vygenerova\u0165 zmyslupln\u00fd obsah obmedzen\u00e1, ale v posledn\u00fdch mesiacoch sa situ\u00e1cia drasticky zmenila. Modely strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa obr\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8524"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8524\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}