{"id":8557,"date":"2023-11-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/zelena-energia-z-vodiku\/"},"modified":"2023-11-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-14T23:00:00","slug":"zelena-energia-z-vodiku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/zelena-energia-z-vodiku\/","title":{"rendered":"Zelen\u00e1 energia z vod\u00edka m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 s klimatickou kr\u00edzou, no bez zmeny v energetickom priemysle to nep\u00f4jde"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vod\u00edk, chemick\u00fd prvok s najni\u017e\u0161ou hmotnos\u0165ou a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou dostupnos\u0165ou vo vesm\u00edre, <strong>hr\u00e1 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri udr\u017eiavan\u00ed \u017eivota na Zemi<\/strong>. Prostredn\u00edctvom jadrovej f\u00fazie sa tento jednoduch\u00fd prvok vo hviezdach, medzi ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed aj Slnko, men\u00ed na h\u00e9lium.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010das tejto transform\u00e1cie sa do prostredia uvo\u013en\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo energie. T\u00e1 sa na povrch Zeme dost\u00e1va vo forme <strong>slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla a\u00a0tepla<\/strong>. Bez t\u00fdchto dvoch aspektov by vznik ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek \u017eivo\u010d\u00edcha a\u00a0jeho pre\u017eitie na na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te nebol mo\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak hviezdy nie s\u00fa jedin\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu vyu\u017ei\u0165 tento chemick\u00fd prvok na v\u00fdrobu energie. O\u00a0jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0energetickom segmente sa za\u010dalo hovori\u0165 e\u0161te v\u00a0<strong>prvej polovici 19. storo\u010dia<\/strong>, ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00a0roku 1838 vyvinuli prv\u00fd vod\u00edkov\u00fd palivov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok na v\u00fdrobu elektriny, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Power Technology.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdskum energie z vod\u00edka pokra\u010doval aj v nasleduj\u00facich storo\u010diach, <strong>no nikdy sa neujal vo ve\u013ekom<\/strong>. Len\u017ee dopady glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania m\u00f4\u017eeme poci\u0165ova\u0165 \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie, v\u010faka \u010domu sa o tejto forme produkcie elektrickej energie za\u010dalo viac hovori\u0165, ke\u010f\u017ee m\u00e1 \u00eds\u0165 o zdroj zelenej energie.<\/p>\n<h3>Paradox v\u00fdskytu<\/h3>\n<p>Vod\u00edk je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edm prvkom v\u00a0celom vesm\u00edre, a\u00a0predsa sa na Zeme vo\u013ene nevyskytuje. M\u00f4\u017eeme ho n\u00e1js\u0165 iba v\u00a0in\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1ch, odkia\u013e ho <strong>m\u00f4\u017eeme prostredn\u00edctvom chemick\u00fdch procesov vymani\u0165<\/strong>. Jednou z\u00a0nich je elektrol\u00fdza vody.<\/p>\n<p>Ide o\u00a0pomerne jednoduch\u00fd chemick\u00fd proces, o\u00a0ktorom sa u\u010dia e\u0161te deti na z\u00e1kladnej \u0161kole. Po\u010das neho do vody ponor\u00edte kladne a\u00a0z\u00e1porne nabit\u00e9 elektr\u00f3dy. Ke\u010f\u017ee voda je vodiv\u00fd materi\u00e1l, prech\u00e1dza \u0148ou elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad a\u00a0rozklad\u00e1 sa na l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 ju tvoria \u2013 <strong>vod\u00edk a\u00a0kysl\u00edk<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Vod\u00edk m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako n\u00e1hradu za fos\u00edlne palivo pre automobily. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@darren1303\n<p>Len\u017ee touto met\u00f3dou je vytvoren\u00e1 <strong>iba zanedbate\u013en\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00e9ho vyprodukovan\u00e9ho vod\u00edka<\/strong>. Najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161ia met\u00f3da, ktor\u00e1 produkuje a\u017e 96 percent vod\u00edku, sa naz\u00fdva parn\u00fd reforming zemn\u00e9ho plynu, ako uv\u00e1dza N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 vod\u00edkov\u00e1 asoci\u00e1cia Slovenska.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010das neho sa vodn\u00e1 para s\u00a0ve\u013emi vysokou teplotou priv\u00e1dza k\u00a0met\u00e1nu. T\u00e1to zmes plynov reaguje za vzniku vod\u00edka, oxidu uho\u013enat\u00e9ho a\u00a0men\u0161ieho mno\u017estva oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Tento proces nemo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za zelen\u00fd, preto\u017ee<strong> pri v\u00fdrobe kilogramu vod\u00edka vznikne 9 a\u017e 12 kilogramov oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Vod\u00edk vo viacer\u00fdch farb\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>Najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed chemick\u00fd prvok <strong>nem\u00f4\u017eeme spozorova\u0165, preto\u017ee nem\u00e1 farbu, nezap\u00e1cha a nem\u00e1 chu\u0165<\/strong>. Aj napriek jeho fyzik\u00e1lnym vlastnostiam z\u00edskal viacero pomenovan\u00ed, ktor\u00e9ho ho sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s farbami \u2013 siv\u00fd, hned\u00fd, modr\u00fd, r\u00fa\u017eov\u00fd \u010di zelen\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prisudzovan\u00e9 farby z\u00e1visia od zdroja energie \u010di met\u00f3dy, pomocou ktorej vznikol<\/strong>. Vod\u00edk vyroben\u00fd spom\u00ednanou met\u00f3dou, pri ktorej sa stret\u00e1va vodn\u00e1 para a\u00a0zemn\u00fd plyn \u2013 met\u00e1n \u2013 sa naz\u00fdva siv\u00fdm. Pokia\u013e pri jeho v\u00fdrobe do\u0161lo k\u00a0spa\u013eovaniu uhlia alebo fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv ide o\u00a0takzvane hned\u00fd vod\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p>Ako informuje Swinburne University of Technology, modr\u00fd vod\u00edk vznik\u00e1 rovnak\u00fdm procesom ako siv\u00fd, no je ozna\u010dovan\u00fd za <strong>\u201en\u00edzko uhl\u00edkov\u00fd\u201c<\/strong>. Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, ktor\u00fd pri procese vznikne, zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa a ukladaj\u00fa do zeme, v\u010faka \u010domu ne\u0161kod\u00ed kl\u00edme.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ie dve farebn\u00e9 ozna\u010denia <strong>pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na jeho produkciu elektrol\u00fdzu vody<\/strong>, pri\u010dom elektrick\u00e1 energia, ktorou je reakcia poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e1 poch\u00e1dza z jadrovej elektr\u00e1rne (r\u00fa\u017eov\u00fd vod\u00edk) alebo zo zdrojov obnovite\u013enej energie (zelen\u00fd vod\u00edk).<\/p>\n<h3>Bez zmeny to nep\u00f4jde<\/h3>\n<p>Energetick\u00fd mix z\u00a0minul\u00e9ho roku, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Our World in Data, hovor\u00ed o\u00a0tom, \u017ee viac ne\u017e polovica v\u0161etkej vyrobenej elektrickej energie poch\u00e1dza zo <strong>spa\u013eovania uhlia, zemn\u00e9ho plynu alebo fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv<\/strong>. Tieto met\u00f3dy v\u0161ak priamo \u0161kodia kl\u00edme.<\/p>\n Energetick\u00fd mix sa od za\u010diatku storo\u010dia v z\u00e1sade nezmenil. Zdroj: ourworldindata.org\/electricity-mix\n<p>D\u00f4vody glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania a\u00a0jeho n\u00e1sledky s\u00fa v\u00a0spolo\u010dnosti dobre zn\u00e1me, no st\u00e1le ide o\u00a0naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob. \u00dapln\u00fd prechod na obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje energie \u2013 sol\u00e1rne, vetern\u00e9 a\u00a0vodn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne \u2013 nie je mo\u017en\u00fd, preto\u017ee ide o\u00a0<strong>nestabiln\u00fd druh produkcie elektrickej energie<\/strong>, o\u00a0\u010dom sme v\u00e1s informovali v\u00a0predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba elektrickej energie za pou\u017eitia vod\u00edka prebieha jeho spa\u013eovan\u00edm ako tomu je pri in\u00fdch tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1r\u0148ach. Av\u0161ak na rozdiel od in\u00fdch pal\u00edv, pri<strong> spracovan\u00ed uhl\u00edku nevznikaj\u00fa \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/strong>, ale iba vodn\u00e1 para. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom sme ho z\u00edskali, preto\u017ee <strong>iba zelen\u00fd a\u00a0ru\u017eov\u00fd vod\u00edk m\u00f4\u017eeme pova\u017eova\u0165 za ekologick\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ako informuje The Guardian, lobisti fos\u00edlneho priemyslu podporuj\u00fa pr\u00e1ve produkciu modr\u00e9ho vod\u00edku, preto\u017ee v\u010faka tomu by mohli aj na\u010falej roz\u0161irova\u0165 ich infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. Energia z\u00a0vod\u00edka teda nar\u00e1\u017ea na probl\u00e9m, ke\u010f\u017ee aby sme ho mohli pova\u017eova\u0165 za naozaj \u201e\u010dist\u00fd\u201c zdroj energie, <strong>mus\u00ed d\u00f4js\u0165 k\u00a0zmene energetick\u00e9ho priemyslu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vod\u00edk, chemick\u00fd prvok s najni\u017e\u0161ou hmotnos\u0165ou a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou dostupnos\u0165ou vo vesm\u00edre, hr\u00e1 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri udr\u017eiavan\u00ed \u017eivota na Zemi. Prostredn\u00edctvom jadrovej f\u00fazie sa tento jednoduch\u00fd<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8557"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8557\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}