{"id":8576,"date":"2023-11-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-25T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/poznate-filozofiu-ubuntu\/"},"modified":"2023-11-26T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-25T23:00:00","slug":"poznate-filozofiu-ubuntu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/poznate-filozofiu-ubuntu\/","title":{"rendered":"Pozn\u00e1te filozofiu ubuntu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ju\u017en\u00e1 Afrika je krajina, ktor\u00e1 nesie <strong>obrovsk\u00fa kolekt\u00edvnu traumu. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m in\u0161titucionalizovan\u00e9ho rasizmu, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd apartheid, bol pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu obyvate\u013estva zni\u010duj\u00faci.<\/p>\n<p>No napriek bolestiv\u00e9mu, utl\u00e1\u010daj\u00facemu syst\u00e9mu mnoh\u00ed z t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa n\u00edm najviac zasiahnut\u00ed, <strong>povstali a zostali odhodlan\u00ed a jednotn\u00ed \u2013 pri\u010dom niektor\u00ed popisovali jeden filozofick\u00fd koncept, koncept ubuntu, ako hlavn\u00fd ide\u00e1l.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 ubuntu je v Ju\u017enej Afrike st\u00e1le \u0161iroko zmie\u0148ovan\u00e1, viac ako dve desa\u0165ro\u010dia po skon\u010den\u00ed apartheidu.<\/p>\n<p>Je to v\u00fdraz z jazykov Nguni v Zulu a Xhosa, ktor\u00fd nesie pomerne \u0161irok\u00fa defin\u00edciu<strong> \u201ekvality, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 cnosti s\u00facitu a \u013eudskosti\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V modernej Ju\u017enej Afrike sa v\u0161ak \u010dasto e\u0161te viac zjednodu\u0161uje a<strong> pou\u017e\u00edva sa politikmi, verejn\u00fdmi \u010dinite\u013emi a \u0161irokou verejnos\u0165ou ako univerz\u00e1lna fr\u00e1za pre mor\u00e1lne ide\u00e1ly krajiny, ducha spolupatri\u010dnosti,<\/strong> schopnos\u0165 spolupracova\u0165 na dosiahnut\u00ed spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho cie\u013ea alebo odkazova\u0165 na pr\u00edklady kolekt\u00edvnej \u013eudskosti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Ubuntu sp\u00e1ja \u013eud\u00ed so z\u00e1merom vy\u0161\u0161ieho dobra. Zdroj: lionsroar.com\n<h3>Koncept z polovice 19. storo\u010dia<\/h3>\n<p>Hist\u00f3ria ubuntu v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee<strong> nejde o nov\u00fd koncept.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anal\u00fdzy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee v p\u00edsomn\u00fdch zdrojoch publikovan\u00fdch pred rokom 1950, je <strong>ubuntu v\u017edy definovan\u00e9 ako \u013eudsk\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V r\u00f4znych f\u00e1zach v druhej polovici 20. storo\u010dia <strong> za\u010dali <\/strong>niektor\u00ed <strong>autori definova\u0165 ubuntu \u0161ir\u0161ie: defin\u00edcie zah\u0155\u0148ali africk\u00fd humanizmus, filozofiu, etiku a sveton\u00e1zor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f m\u00e1 korene v hist\u00f3ri\u00ed, ubuntu z\u00edskalo<strong> v\u00fdznam a\u017e v poslednej dobe &#8211; predov\u0161etk\u00fdm po\u010das prechodu z vl\u00e1dy bielej men\u0161iny na vl\u00e1du \u010diernej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny<\/strong> &#8211; v Ju\u017enej Afrike a susednom Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n<p>Pred t\u00fdmito obdobiami politickej transform\u00e1cie, sa h\u013eadanie africkej d\u00f4stojnosti odr\u00e1\u017ealo v myslen\u00ed mnoh\u00fdch vplyvn\u00fdch post koloni\u00e1lnych africk\u00fdch vodcov \u2013 a m\u00e1 ve\u013ea spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho s obnovou d\u00f4stojnosti, ke\u010f sa koloniz\u00e1tori presunuli \u010falej.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Nevhodn\u00fd v\u00fdraz pre modern\u00fa Ju\u017en\u00fa Afriku<\/h3>\n<p>Podobne ako v <strong>d\u00e1nskej filozofii hygge, sa v\u0161ak ve\u013ea str\u00e1ca v anglickom preklade<\/strong>, zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed a populariz\u00e1cii term\u00ednu.<\/p>\n<p>A to viedlo niektor\u00fdch ku kritike jeho pou\u017eitia &#8211; najm\u00e4 v modernom kontexte Ju\u017enej Afriky.<\/p>\n<p>Thaddeus Metz, profesor filozofie na Univerzite v Johannesburgu, povedal, \u017ee term\u00edn a my\u0161lienky spojen\u00e9 s ubuntu s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnej Ju\u017enej Afrike \u010dasto pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za nevhodn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre verejn\u00fa mor\u00e1lku \u2013 z troch d\u00f4vodov.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z nich je, \u017ee s\u00fa<strong> pr\u00edli\u0161 v\u00e1gne, druh\u00fdm je, \u017ee neuzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa hodnotu individu\u00e1lnej slobody, a tre\u0165ou vecou je, \u017ee sa hodia k tradi\u010dnej kult\u00fare mal\u00e9ho rozsahu viac, ako k modernej, priemyselnej spolo\u010dnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Desmond Tutu. Zdroj: catholicreview.org\n<h3>Ubuntu stelesnen\u00fd Desmondom Tutu<\/h3>\n<p>Napriek svojim potenci\u00e1lnym nedostatkom a zneu\u017e\u00edvaniu, je ubuntu term\u00edn, ktor\u00fd <strong>preuk\u00e1zal schopnos\u0165 zjednoti\u0165 krajinu smerom k spolo\u010dn\u00e9mu dobru.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V roku <strong>2013 vl\u00e1da po\u017eiadala Juhoafri\u010danov, aby \u201e\u017eili s ubuntu\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aktu\u00e1lne existuj\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a smery, niektor\u00e9 definuj\u00fa ubuntu ako <strong>schopnos\u0165 vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov, in\u00e9 tvrdia, \u017ee ide o to, c\u00edti\u0165 sa v cudzej krajine ako doma.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ale ak existuje nejak\u00fd Juhoafri\u010dan, ktor\u00e9mu mo\u017eno prip\u00edsa\u0165 populariz\u00e1ciu a stelesnenie filozofick\u00e9ho konceptu<strong> ubuntu v plnej miere, je to anglik\u00e1nsky arcibiskup Desmond Tutu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tutu vehementne <strong>bojoval proti apartheidu a tie\u017e predsedal komisii pre pravdu a mier v krajine.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Definoval ubuntu ako \u201ez\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ujem sa, zdie\u013eam\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Vych\u00e1dzal zo z\u00e1sad ubuntu, aby<strong> usmernil zmierovac\u00ed pr\u00edstup Ju\u017enej Afriky k zlo\u010dinom z obdobia apartheidu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Namiesto zd\u00f4raz\u0148ovania <strong>rozdielov medzi \u013eu\u010fmi v Ju\u017enej Afrike bol Tutu zn\u00e1my t\u00fdm, \u017ee ich oslavoval.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eSme odli\u0161n\u00ed, aby sme mohli pozna\u0165 svoje vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 potreby, preto\u017ee nikto nie je v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku sebesta\u010dn\u00fd,\u201c nap\u00edsal Tutu v knihe No Future Without Forgiveness (1999). &#8222;\u00daplne sebesta\u010dn\u00fd \u010dlovek by bol pod\u013eudsk\u00fd.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pre mnoh\u00fdch v Ju\u017enej Afrike je<strong>\u00a0pr\u00e1ve tento pr\u00edstup stelesnen\u00edm ubuntu.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ju\u017en\u00e1 Afrika je krajina, ktor\u00e1 nesie obrovsk\u00fa kolekt\u00edvnu traumu. Politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m in\u0161titucionalizovan\u00e9ho rasizmu, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd apartheid, bol pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu obyvate\u013estva zni\u010duj\u00faci. No napriek bolestiv\u00e9mu, utl\u00e1\u010daj\u00facemu syst\u00e9mu<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8576"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8576\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}