{"id":8580,"date":"2023-11-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-28T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/medzinarodna-vesmirna-stanica-oslavila-25-narodeniny\/"},"modified":"2023-11-29T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-28T23:00:00","slug":"medzinarodna-vesmirna-stanica-oslavila-25-narodeniny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/medzinarodna-vesmirna-stanica-oslavila-25-narodeniny\/","title":{"rendered":"Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna stanica osl\u00e1vila 25. narodeniny. V novom desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed sa s \u0148ou v\u0161ak rozl\u00fa\u010dime"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u013dudstvu sa doposia\u013e nepodarilo zalo\u017ei\u0165 trval\u00fa kol\u00f3niu na inej plan\u00e9te, no najbli\u017e\u0161ie k\u00a0tomuto cie\u013eu m\u00e1 Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna stanica, taktie\u017e zn\u00e1ma pod skratkou ISS. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia vesm\u00edrna stanica ned\u00e1vno \u2013 20. novembra \u2013 osl\u00e1vila 25 rokov od uvedenia do prev\u00e1dzky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edbeh vesm\u00edrnej stanice sa za\u010dal e\u0161te v\u00a0roku 1984<\/strong>, kedy Americk\u00fd prezident Ronald Reagan vyhl\u00e1sil pl\u00e1n stavby vesm\u00edrnej stanice Freedom. Postupom \u010dasu sa k\u00a0Ameri\u010danom pridali vesm\u00edrne agent\u00fary \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edn, informuje port\u00e1l Darwin Innovation.<\/p>\n

Kv\u00f4li jej ve\u013ekosti ju nemohli vysla\u0165 na obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu Zeme v\u00a0jednom kuse. Rusk\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna agent\u00fara Roskosmos preto vyslala 20. novembra 1998 prostredn\u00edctvom rakety Proton prv\u00fa \u010das\u0165 s\u00a0n\u00e1zvom Zaria<\/strong>. O\u00a0dva t\u00fd\u017edne nesk\u00f4r dorazil americk\u00fd modul Unity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ako uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l ISS National Laboratory, prv\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka v zlo\u017een\u00ed astronauta Billa Shepherda a kozmonautov Yuriho Gidzenkoa a Sergeia Krikaleva dorazila na vesm\u00edrnu stanicu a\u017e 2. novembra roku 2000. Odvtedy sa na jej palube vystriedali stovky \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum na orbite<\/h3>\n

Modul\u00e1rna vesm\u00edrna stanica nesl\u00fa\u017ei iba ako do\u010dasn\u00fd domov kozmonautov \u010di astronautov, preto\u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 ide o\u00a0laborat\u00f3rium v\u00a0mikrogravit\u00e1cii. Vedci, ktor\u00ed sa na jej palube vystriedali uskuto\u010dnili nespo\u010detne pokusov, ktor\u00e9 by na Zemi neboli mo\u017en\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd N\u00e1rodn\u00fd \u00farad pre letectvo a\u00a0vesm\u00edr (NASA pozn. red.) na svojom blogu informuje o\u00a0\u00faspechoch, ktor\u00e9 sa vedcom a\u00a0v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom podarili na ISS. Tieto objavy nepom\u00e1haj\u00fa iba obyvate\u013eom vesm\u00edrnej stanice<\/strong>, ale aj \u013eudom na povrchu Zeme.<\/p>\n

Bez ru\u0161iv\u00fdch vplyvov zemskej gravit\u00e1cie mohli v\u00fdskumn\u00edci sk\u00fama\u0165 r\u00f4zne ochorenia. Medzi nimi napr\u00edklad Alzhaimerov\u00fa \u010di Parkinsov\u00fa chorobu, rakovinu, astmu alebo ochorenie srdca<\/strong>. \u201eAk niektor\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto ochoren\u00ed pozna\u010dilo v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot, v\u00fdskum vesm\u00edrnej stanice ovplyvnil aj v\u00e1s,\u201c <\/em>uviedla NASA v\u00a0blogu.<\/p>\n

\n

Astronaut health, an aging study, and 3D printing on the station today help scientists plan future missions longer and farther away from Earth. https:\/\/t.co\/w9ItC7QCBb<\/p>\n

\u2014 International Space Station (@Space_Station) November 21, 2023<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u013dudsk\u00e9 kol\u00f3nie na in\u00fdch plan\u00e9tach, napr\u00edklad na Marse, bud\u00fa odk\u00e1zan\u00e9 sami na seba, o\u00a0\u010dom sme v\u00e1s u\u017e informovali v\u00a0predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku. Aj preto v\u00fdskumn\u00edci vesm\u00edrnej stanice zis\u0165ovali ako ide\u00e1lne pestova\u0165 rastliny v prostred\u00ed bez gravit\u00e1cie<\/strong>. E\u0161te v roku 2015 ochutnali prv\u00fd \u0161al\u00e1t vypestovan\u00fd vo vesm\u00edre, pri\u010dom pestovali a\u017e osem druhov listovej zeleniny.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ie oblasti, ktor\u00fdm sa venovali, pokr\u00fdvali nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby filtrovania vody, met\u00f3dy boja so svalovou atrofiou a\u00a0\u00fabytkom hmotnosti kost\u00ed alebo v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch lie\u010div za pomoci prote\u00ednov\u00fdch kry\u0161t\u00e1lov. Taktie\u017e zbierali d\u00e1ta o\u00a0viac ne\u017e sto miliard\u00e1ch kozmick\u00fdch\u00a0<\/strong>\u010dasticiach<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\u017divot ohrozuj\u00face probl\u00e9my<\/h3>\n

\u017divot na vesm\u00edrnej stanici v\u0161ak nie je jednoduch\u00fd. Okrem rozdielnych podmienok, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vpl\u00fdva\u0165 na tel\u00e1 pos\u00e1dky, sa museli viackr\u00e1t vysporiada\u0165 s\u00a0r\u00f4znymi probl\u00e9mami. V\u00a0decembri 2022 do\u0161lo k\u00a0\u00faniku chladiva z\u00a0pilotovanej lode Sojuz MS-22<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

K po\u0161kodeniu malo d\u00f4js\u0165 po n\u00e1raze mikrometoritu do vesm\u00edrnej lode. Rusk\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna agent\u00fara Roskomos p\u00f4vodne popierala, \u017ee by pos\u00e1dka bola v\u00a0ohrozen\u00ed. Nesk\u00f4r v\u0161ak prist\u00fapila na obavy ostatn\u00fdch a\u00a0za\u010dala pripravova\u0165 pl\u00e1ny ako evakuova\u0165 troch \u010dlenov pos\u00e1dky<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza The Guardian.<\/p>\n Po\u010das moderniz\u00e1cie priestorov jednej z budov do\u0161lo k v\u00fdpadku elektriny, \u010do sp\u00f4sobilo stratu komunik\u00e1cie s ISS. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@reskp\n

Len o p\u00e1r mesiacov nesk\u00f4r sa opakoval podobn\u00fd incident<\/strong>, tentoraz s ruskou n\u00e1kladnou lo\u010fou Progress MS-21. V hermetizovanej kab\u00edne do\u0161lo k strate tlaku v d\u00f4sledku \u00faniku chladiacej kvapaliny z vonkaj\u0161ieho radi\u00e1tora chladiaceho okruhu.<\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pos\u00e1dky vesm\u00edrnej stanice nebola bezprostredne naru\u0161en\u00e1, no pre istotu uzavreli prielez do n\u00e1kladnej lode. Port\u00e1l Techbox v\u0161ak informuje o\u00a0tom, \u017ee tieto incidenty vyvolali pochybnosti o\u00a0ruskej agent\u00fare<\/strong>, preto\u017ee ani v jednom pr\u00edpade nezverejnila z\u00e1znam, ktor\u00fd by zachyt\u00e1val n\u00e1raz mikrometeoritu.<\/p>\n

Bud\u00facnos\u0165 ISS<\/h3>\n

Pl\u00e1novan\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 15 rokov vesm\u00edrna stanica prekro\u010dila u\u017e d\u00e1vno. Od svojich za\u010diatkov pre\u0161la dlh\u00fa cestu, no jej pr\u00edbeh sa o nieko\u013eko rokov skon\u010d\u00ed. NASA toti\u017e za\u010diatkom roku 2031 ju pl\u00e1nuje zhodi\u0165 do od\u013eahlej oblasti ju\u017en\u00e9ho Pacifick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Port\u00e1l Scientific American uv\u00e1dza v\u00fdrok prezidenta spolo\u010dnosti Commercial Space Technologies a\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00e9ho \u010dlena poradn\u00e9ho panelu NASA pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00a0letectve a\u00a0kozmonautike Georgea Niedla: \u201eHoci \u010dlovek ner\u00e1d vid\u00ed, \u017ee odch\u00e1dza, a bude smutn\u00e9, ke\u010f od\u00edde do d\u00f4chodku, skuto\u010dne je nemo\u017en\u00e9, aby zostala na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he donekone\u010dna.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak k\u00fdm sa tak stane, d\u00f4jde k\u00a0zop\u00e1r zmen\u00e1m. Predstavitelia ruskej vesm\u00edrnej agent\u00fary Roskomos kr\u00e1tko po za\u010dat\u00ed inv\u00e1zie do Ukrajiny vyhl\u00e1sili, \u017ee niekedy po roku 2024 \u00faplne opustia ISS, aby sa mohli venova\u0165 v\u00fdstavbe vlastnej vesm\u00edrnej stanice<\/strong>. Nesk\u00f4r v\u0161ak zmenili n\u00e1zor a zaviazali sa, \u017ee na nej zostan\u00fa do roku 2028, p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l Space.com.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u013dudstvu sa doposia\u013e nepodarilo zalo\u017ei\u0165 trval\u00fa kol\u00f3niu na inej plan\u00e9te, no najbli\u017e\u0161ie k\u00a0tomuto cie\u013eu m\u00e1 Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna stanica, taktie\u017e zn\u00e1ma pod skratkou ISS. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia vesm\u00edrna<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8580"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8580\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}