{"id":8583,"date":"2023-12-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/sikana-tichy-zabijak-spolocnosti\/"},"modified":"2023-12-01T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T23:00:00","slug":"sikana-tichy-zabijak-spolocnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/sikana-tichy-zabijak-spolocnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160ikana: tich\u00fd zabijak spolo\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160ikana je v dne\u0161nej pokovidovej dobe \u010doraz viac rozoberanou a z\u00e1va\u017enou t\u00e9mou. Vn\u00edmame ju na pracovisku, v \u0161kol\u00e1ch \u010di v in\u00fdch soci\u00e1lnych skupin\u00e1ch. Dok\u00e1\u017eeme v\u0161ak spr\u00e1vne reagova\u0165 a obr\u00e1ni\u0165 t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa nevedia sami br\u00e1ni\u0165? Du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie a \u0161ikana id\u00fa spolu ruka v ruke. Pochm\u00farne jesenn\u00e9 obdobie zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdskyt pokusov o samovra\u017edu a prejavy \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch du\u0161evn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b a stavov. Pr\u00e1ve v tomto obdob\u00ed mus\u00edme by\u0165 najostra\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed a pozorne sledova\u0165 svojich bl\u00edzkych. D\u00f4kazom s\u00fa aj smutn\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 v posledn\u00fdch d\u0148och otriasli Slovenskom.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u010co je to \u0161ikana a\u00a0ak\u00e9 s\u00fa jej formy?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0160ikana je <strong>ne\u017eiad\u00face agres\u00edvne spr\u00e1vanie<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je z<strong>\u00e1merne ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165, zastra\u0161i\u0165, pon\u00ed\u017ei\u0165, zosmie\u0161ni\u0165 \u010di ohrozi\u0165<\/strong> in\u00e9ho \u010dloveka alebo skupinu \u013eud\u00ed. Pre \u0161ikanu je typick\u00e9, \u017ee <strong>sa \u010dasto opakuje<\/strong>, vidite\u013en\u00e1 je najm\u00e4 <strong>nerovnov\u00e1ha s\u00edl<\/strong> and\u00a0<strong>neschopnos\u0165 obete br\u00e1ni\u0165 sa<\/strong>. M\u00f4\u017ee postihn\u00fa\u0165 kohoko\u013evek, bez oh\u013eadu na vek, pohlavie, rasu alebo socioekonomick\u00fd status. \u0160tatistiky hovoria, \u017ee <strong>ka\u017ed\u00e9 druh\u00e9\/tretie die\u0165a sa za svoj \u017eivot stretne so \u0161ikanou<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Formy z\u00e1mern\u00e9ho ubli\u017eovania a \u0161ikany s\u00fa r\u00f4zne, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa rad\u00ed do t\u00fdchto kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fyzick\u00e1 \u0161ikana<\/strong> \u2013 patria sem bitky, \u00fadery, kopance, jednoducho v\u0161etky mo\u017en\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby fyzick\u00e9ho n\u00e1silia;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Slovn\u00e1\/verb\u00e1lna<\/strong> \u2013 ide najm\u00e4 o\u00a0slovn\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eky, zosmie\u0161\u0148ovanie \u010di hanliv\u00e9 prez\u00fdvky;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soci\u00e1lna<\/strong> \u2013 sem rad\u00edme ohov\u00e1ranie, vyl\u00fa\u010denie z\u00a0kolekt\u00edvu alebo z\u00e1merne ignorovanie;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kyber\u0161ikana<\/strong> \u2013 odohr\u00e1va sa online, patria sem nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 koment\u00e1re, ne\u017eiad\u00face spr\u00e1vy \u010di zverej\u0148ovanie nevhodn\u00e9ho obsahu;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sexu\u00e1lne \u0161ikanovanie<\/strong> \u2013 patr\u00ed tu napr\u00edklad posielanie pornografie, nevhodn\u00e9 dotyky, sexu\u00e1lne nar\u00e1\u017eky a\u00a0ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 gest\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Pr\u00edklad troch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov \u0161ikany: agresor, prizeraj\u00faci sa a \u0161ikanovan\u00fd. ZDROJ: Pexels.com\n<h3><strong>\u010co naopak nie je \u0161ikana?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Nie ka\u017ed\u00e9 nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 \u010di hrub\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie je ihne\u010f prejavom \u0161ikany. Ob\u010das <strong>ide len o\u00a0nevhodn\u00e9 podpichovanie \u010di vyb\u00edjanie si zlej n\u00e1lady na niekom \u010fal\u0161om<\/strong>. Ako sme u\u017e v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku spom\u00ednali, \u0161ikana m\u00e1 typick\u00e9 znaky, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00fdch ju rozli\u0161ujeme od in\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov nevhodn\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania. \u0160ikanou teda vo v\u0161eobecnosti nie je: <strong>ojedinel\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne odmietnutie, n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 prejavy agresie \u010di zastra\u0161ovania, nes\u00fahlas, negat\u00edvna reakcia, vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 h\u00e1dky alebo v\u00fdmeny n\u00e1zorov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Kto je agresor a\u00a0pre\u010do to rob\u00ed? <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Agresorom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd <strong>s\u00e1m v\u00a0minulosti \u010delil agresii<\/strong>. Pr\u00edpadne m\u00e1 tak\u00e1to osoba n\u00e1siln\u00fdch \u010di pr\u00edli\u0161 autoritat\u00edvnych rodi\u010dov, ktor\u00ed sa k\u00a0nej spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa hrubo. Tak\u00e9to n\u00e1silne spr\u00e1vanie die\u0165a \u010di osoba preber\u00e1 na seba a\u00a0podvedome sa tak spr\u00e1va k\u00a0niekomu, koho ozna\u010duje za slab\u0161ieho a\u00a0bezbrann\u00e9ho. D\u00f4vodom je najm\u00e4 to, \u017ee sa agresor potom c\u00edti lep\u0161\u00ed, silnej\u0161\u00ed. \u00a0Tak\u00edto \u013eudia <strong>v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nepre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa em\u00f3cie ako in\u00ed, nevedia sa vc\u00edti\u0165 do druh\u00e9ho a\u00a0nedok\u00e1\u017eu by\u0165 empatick\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ako \u0161ikana vpl\u00fdva na psychick\u00e9 zdravie?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Logicky, nie ve\u013emi dobre. Osoba, ktor\u00e1 je \u0161ikanovan\u00e1 trp\u00ed, \u010dasto v tichosti, preto\u017ee sa boj\u00ed n\u00e1sledkov, odignorovania situ\u00e1cie alebo reakcie agresorov. Sna\u017e\u00ed sa <strong>vyh\u00fdba\u0165 miestam, kde sa nach\u00e1dza agresor<\/strong>. U det\u00ed to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 napr\u00edklad nechu\u0165 chodi\u0165 do \u0161koly. Pri dospel\u00fdch to m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 nechu\u0165 pracova\u0165 \u010di zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 ich produktivitu na pracovisku. \u0160ikana je tich\u00fd zabijak spolo\u010dnosti a jej n\u00e1sledky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 devastuj\u00face. <strong>V hor\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k nespolo\u010densk\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vaniu, k sebapo\u0161kodzovaniu a v najhor\u0161\u00edch a najsmutnej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch k samovra\u017ede<\/strong>.<\/p>\n So \u0161ikanou sa m\u00f4\u017ee stretn\u00fa\u0165 ktoko\u013evek, bez oh\u013eadu na vek, pohlavie, rasu alebo socioekonomick\u00fd status. ZDROJ: Pexels.com\n<h3><strong>Ako reaguj\u00fa na \u0161ikanu slovensk\u00e9 \u0161koly?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Pravdepodobne sa so \u0161ikanou ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s stretol najm\u00e4 v \u0161kole. \u010ci u\u017e ako \u0161ikanovan\u00fd, agresor alebo prizeraj\u00faci sa. <strong>V\u00fdskumy dokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee so \u0161ikanou bojuje 86,3 % na\u0161ich \u0161k\u00f4l<\/strong>. Je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee \u0161ikana si v\u017edy n\u00e1jde sp\u00f4sob, za \u010do a\u00a0ako niekomu ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165. Ak\u00e1ko\u013evek inakos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k\u00a0agresii. Niekedy si po rokoch uvedom\u00edme, \u010do sme spravili a\u00a0niektor\u00fdm z\u00a0n\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 na\u0161e spr\u00e1vanie, \u010di prizeranie sa \u013e\u00fato.<\/p>\n<p>Prevencia je jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch prvkov v\u00a0boji proti \u0161ikane. Str\u00e1\u017ecami a\u00a0v\u0161\u00edmav\u00fdmi pozorovate\u013emi by mali by\u0165 najm\u00e4 <strong>pedag\u00f3govia, pedagogi\u010dky \u010di vedenie \u0161koly<\/strong>. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je <strong>vytvori\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie, kde sa obete c\u00edtia podporovan\u00e9 a\u00a0kde agresor dostane adekv\u00e1tny trest<\/strong>. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina obet\u00ed sa za seba nedok\u00e1\u017ee postavi\u0165, a\u00a0preto sa nesmieme len ticho prizera\u0165. Pokia\u013e agresorovi na\u0161ou ignoranciou d\u00e1me priestor ubli\u017eova\u0165, za\u010dne si myslie\u0165, \u017ee je jeho konanie v\u00a0poriadku a\u00a0nepostihne ho \u017eiadny trest. A\u00a0preto neignorujme a\u00a0konajme.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ochrana du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Poslanky\u0148a E\u00da parlamentu, Lucia \u010euri\u0161 Nicholsonov\u00e1 na svojom Instagrame zverejnila post, kde tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1me <strong>ak\u00fatny nedostatok psychol\u00f3gov a\u00a0psychiatrov a\u00a0sme na chvoste rebr\u00ed\u010dka spomedzi kraj\u00edn E\u00da<\/strong>. Na Slovensku m\u00e1me <strong>5 psychol\u00f3gov\/psychiatrov na 100 tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed, eur\u00f3psky priemer je 17<\/strong>. A toto je naozaj alarmuj\u00face \u010d\u00edslo. Pokia\u013e by aj osoba s\u00a0du\u0161evn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami chcela vyh\u013eada\u0165 pomoc, pravdepodobne by sa k\u00a0nej nedostala v\u010das.<\/p>\n<p>Preto je pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov <strong>d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 dostupnos\u0165 anonymn\u00fdch a\u00a0bezplatn\u00fdch liniek psychologickej pomoci<\/strong>. Jednou z\u00a0nich je napr\u00edklad <strong>Internetov\u00e1 porad\u0148a pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed (IP\u010dko)<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 od za\u010diatku roka rie\u0161ila a\u017e 3 407 ak\u00fatnych pr\u00edpadov s\u00favisiacich s\u00a0pokusom o\u00a0ukon\u010denie \u017eivota. T\u00e1to porad\u0148a rozbehla aj projekt, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci ktor\u00e9ho <strong>rozmiest\u0148uje v\u00a0okol\u00ed ko\u013eajn\u00edc tabule s\u00a0kontaktom na svoje kr\u00edzov\u00e9 linky<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea agent\u00fary TASR sa im za tri roky podarilo vylepi\u0165 cca 500 tab\u00fa\u013e. Priamo z\u00a0ko\u013eajn\u00edc prijali 313 telefon\u00e1tov. O\u00a0pomoc pri ak\u00fatnych probl\u00e9moch sa star\u00e1 aj str\u00e1nka <strong>Chcemsazabi\u0165.sk<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 okrem telef\u00f3nneho \u010d\u00edsla na svojej str\u00e1nke aj online chat, kde si osoba, ktor\u00e1 potrebuje pomoc, m\u00f4\u017ee p\u00edsa\u0165 priamo s\u00a0poradcom. \u010ealej je to napr\u00edklad <strong>Liga za du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie<\/strong> or <strong>Kr\u00edzov\u00e1 linka pomoci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Samozrejme m\u00f4\u017eeme pom\u00f4c\u0165 na\u0161\u00edm bl\u00edzkym aj my. A\u00a0to najm\u00e4 t\u00fdm, \u017ee si ich budeme v\u0161\u00edma\u0165, budeme im nasl\u00facha\u0165 a\u00a0podporova\u0165 ich. Bu\u010fme tu jeden pre druh\u00e9ho.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160ikana je v dne\u0161nej pokovidovej dobe \u010doraz viac rozoberanou a z\u00e1va\u017enou t\u00e9mou. Vn\u00edmame ju na pracovisku, v \u0161kol\u00e1ch \u010di v in\u00fdch soci\u00e1lnych skupin\u00e1ch. Dok\u00e1\u017eeme v\u0161ak<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8583"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8583\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}