{"id":8595,"date":"2023-12-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/hlboka-stimulacia-mozgu\/"},"modified":"2023-12-08T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T23:00:00","slug":"hlboka-stimulacia-mozgu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/hlboka-stimulacia-mozgu\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlbok\u00e1 stimul\u00e1cia mozgu m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 pacientom, ktor\u00ed si ho v minulosti poranili, nazna\u010duje \u0161t\u00fadia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mozog, centr\u00e1lny org\u00e1n nervovej s\u00fastavy, zohr\u00e1va k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohou pri riaden\u00ed viacer\u00fdch telesn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed. Aj napriek pokro\u010dil\u00fdm vedeck\u00fdm poznatkom z oblast\u00ed, ako s\u00fa biol\u00f3gia \u010di neurol\u00f3gia, zost\u00e1va jeho fungovanie dodnes z\u00e1hadou<\/strong>, a to najm\u00e4 kv\u00f4li jeho komplexnosti.<\/p>\n

Jeho poranenie m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00e1\u017ene ovplyvni\u0165 tieto funkcie, pri\u010dom m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k\u00a0neurologick\u00fdm a\u00a0kognit\u00edvnym probl\u00e9mom. Tak\u00e9to zranenie sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku dopravnej nehody, \u00faderu do hlavy, p\u00e1du alebo po\u010das zranenia pri \u0161portovej aktivite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0poranen\u00edm mozgu sa potyk\u00e1 nespo\u010detne \u013eud\u00ed po celom svete. Jednou z\u00a0nich je Gina Arata, ktor\u00e1 vo svojich 22 rokoch po\u010das cesty na svadobn\u00fa hostinu havarovala. Odvtedy m\u00e1 probl\u00e9my so s\u00fastreden\u00edm \u010di pam\u00e4tan\u00edm si vec\u00ed<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l National Public Radio.<\/p>\n

Arata vysvet\u013euje svoj stav po nehode: \u201eNemohla som si n\u00e1js\u0165 pr\u00e1cu, preto\u017ee ak by som bola povedzme \u010da\u0161n\u00ed\u010dka, nezapam\u00e4tala by som, \u017ee v\u00e1m m\u00e1m prinies\u0165 di\u00e9tnu Pepsi\u201c<\/em> Av\u0161ak to sa zmenilo v\u00a0roku 2018, ke\u010f jej implantovali experiment\u00e1lne elektrick\u00e9 zariadenie do mozgu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mozog pod elektrick\u00fdm pr\u00fadom<\/h3>\n

Av\u0161ak nebola jedinou osobou, ktor\u00e1 podst\u00fapila experiment\u00e1lnu lie\u010dbu. Okrem nej sa do v\u00fdskumu zapojilo \u010fal\u0161\u00edch p\u00e4\u0165 pacientov, ktor\u00ed utrpeli podobn\u00e9 po\u0161kodenie mozgu ako Arata. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci vybrali t\u00fdchto jednotlivcov, ktor\u00ed utrpeli zranenie pred tromi a\u017e 18 rokmi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Jeden z\u00a0nich bol v\u0161ak z\u00a0v\u00fdskumu stiahnut\u00fd, preto\u017ee nedodr\u017eal protokol. Ostatn\u00fdm pacientom zaviedli elektr\u00f3dy hlboko do mozgu, kde sl\u00fa\u017eili na stimul\u00e1ciu tejto oblasti. Po dobu troch mesiacoch im mozgy stimulovali a\u017e 12 hod\u00edn denne<\/strong>. Po\u010das noci, ke\u010f spali, bolo zariadenie vypnut\u00e9.<\/p>\n V\u00fdskumn\u00edci vlo\u017eili implant\u00e1t do \u010dasti mozgu, ktor\u00e1 sa naz\u00fdva thalamus. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@averey\n

\u201eJednoduch\u00fdm riaden\u00edm t\u00fdchto neur\u00f3nov t\u00fdmto stimulovan\u00edm pri vysok\u00fdch frekvenci\u00e1ch ich vieme na\u0161tartova\u0165 do rozsahu funkci\u00ed, v ktor\u00fdch by neboli, ak by boli nedostato\u010dne aktivovan\u00e9,“<\/em> povedal pre LiveScience ved\u00faci \u0161t\u00fadie a\u00a0profesor neurol\u00f3gie Nicolas Schiff.<\/p>\n

Pacienti sa e\u0161te pred zaveden\u00edm zariadenia do mozgu podrobili neurologick\u00e9mu testu \u2013 trail making test \u2013 ktor\u00fdm sa v\u00fdskumn\u00edci sna\u017eili odmera\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165, v\u00fdkon a\u00a0flexibilitu mysle. Test spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0tom, \u017ee pacient m\u00e1 zoradi\u0165 \u010d\u00edslice a\u00a0p\u00edsmen\u00e1 vzostupne<\/strong> (1-A-2-B-3-C… pozn. red.). Rovnako ich otestovali po skon\u010den\u00ed terapie.<\/p>\n

Ne\u010dakan\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie<\/h3>\n

\u201eJedin\u00e1 prekvapuj\u00faca vec je, \u017ee to fungovalo tak, ako sme predpokladali, \u010do nie je v\u017edy samozrejmos\u0165ou,\u201c<\/em> povedal profesor neurochirurgie zo Standford University Jaimie Henderson. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci o\u010dak\u00e1vali zlep\u0161enie v\u00a0priemer o\u00a0desa\u0165 percent<\/strong>, no v\u00fdsledky boli v\u00fdrazne lep\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

Priemern\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie dosiahlo hodnotu 32 percent. Zlep\u0161enie u\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch pacientov sa v\u0161ak pohybovalo od 15 do 52 percent<\/strong>. V\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee aj ke\u010f je mozog po\u0161koden\u00fd, nie je \u00faplne zni\u010den\u00fd, ale jeho schopnosti s\u00fa obmedzen\u00e9. Henderson to vysvet\u013euje takto: \u201eJe to, akoby sa zhasli svetl\u00e1 a nebolo dos\u0165 elektriny na to, aby sa op\u00e4\u0165 rozsvietili.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n Mozog ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pacienta je in\u00fd, a preto bolo problematick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vne vlo\u017ei\u0165 zariadenie. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@averey\n

Pacienti a ich rodiny tie\u017e uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee pozit\u00edvne zmeny sa prejavili v ich ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch \u017eivotoch. Okrem toho, \u017ee poci\u0165uj\u00fa men\u0161iu \u00fanavu, znovu m\u00f4\u017eu vykon\u00e1va\u0165 \u010dinnosti, o ktor\u00fdch si mysleli, \u017ee u\u017e nikdy nebud\u00fa schopn\u00ed \u2013 napr\u00edklad \u010d\u00edta\u0165 knihy, pozera\u0165 telev\u00edziu, hra\u0165 videohry alebo dokon\u010di\u0165 \u00falohy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Zlep\u0161enie si pochva\u013eovali a\u017e tak, \u017ee sa v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom nepodarilo vykona\u0165 posledn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 v\u00fdskumu. Polovici \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov chceli vypn\u00fa\u0165 zariadenie, aby zistili \u010di zlep\u0161enie je dlhotrvaj\u00face. Iba jeden z\u00a0piatich prist\u00fapil na tento experiment. Po troch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och bez stimul\u00e1cie mozgu jeho r\u00fdchlos\u0165 vo vyplnen\u00ed testu klesla o\u00a034 percent<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1l do bud\u00facnosti<\/h3>\n

Prv\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia sa zaoberala iba malou vzorkou pacientov a\u00a0jej hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom bolo zisti\u0165 efektivitu a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 tejto terapie<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l NewScientist. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci v\u0161ak v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa vykona\u0165 \u010fal\u0161iu, po\u010das ktorej by pozorovali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eHlbok\u00e1 stimul\u00e1cia mozgu by mohla pom\u00f4c\u0165 mili\u00f3nom \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed \u010dasto v tichosti trpia n\u00e1sledkami traumatick\u00e9ho po\u0161kodenia mozgu,\u201c tvrd\u00ed Henderson. Podobn\u00e1 stimul\u00e1cia v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti u\u017e pom\u00e1ha pri Parkinsonovej chorobe \u010di depresii<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 zariadenie chce pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Neuralink, ktor\u00fa vlastn\u00ed americk\u00fd miliard\u00e1r Elon Musk, o\u00a0\u010dom sme v\u00e1s informovali v\u00a0predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku. Zameriava sa na pacientom s\u00a0diagn\u00f3zou, ktor\u00e1 paralyzuje v\u0161etky kon\u010datiny a\u00a0hrudn\u00edk. Pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lneho implant\u00e1tu by mohli ovl\u00e1da\u0165 ich mobiln\u00e9 zariadenia \u010di po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pomocou mysle<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mozog, centr\u00e1lny org\u00e1n nervovej s\u00fastavy, zohr\u00e1va k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohou pri riaden\u00ed viacer\u00fdch telesn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed. Aj napriek pokro\u010dil\u00fdm vedeck\u00fdm poznatkom z oblast\u00ed, ako s\u00fa biol\u00f3gia \u010di neurol\u00f3gia,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8595"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8595\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}