{"id":8618,"date":"2023-12-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-21T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/algoritmus-dokaze-predpovedat-buducnost\/"},"modified":"2023-12-22T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T23:00:00","slug":"algoritmus-dokaze-predpovedat-buducnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/algoritmus-dokaze-predpovedat-buducnost\/","title":{"rendered":"Algoritmus dok\u00e1\u017ee predpoveda\u0165 bud\u00facnos\u0165 jednotlivca na z\u00e1klade jeho minulosti, tvrd\u00ed nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Predpovedanie bud\u00facnosti \u013eud\u00ed l\u00e1kalo u\u017e od d\u00e1vnych \u010dasov a\u00a0v\u00a0istej podobe sa s\u00a0n\u00edm stret\u00e1vali naprie\u010d celou hist\u00f3riou. Starovek\u00ed Gr\u00e9ci nav\u0161tevovali Delfsk\u00fa ve\u0161tiare\u0148, kde sa mal n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkom prihov\u00e1ra\u0165 boh Apol\u00f3n prostredn\u00edctvom ve\u0161t\u00edc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

In\u00e9 kult\u00fary sledovali polohu hviezd, plan\u00e9t a\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch astronomick\u00fdch \u00fakazov, aby predpovedali osud jednotlivca \u010di udalosti – astrol\u00f3g. V\u00fdklad bud\u00facnosti z kariet \u010di ve\u0161tenie z dlane s\u00fa popul\u00e1rne dodnes. A\u00a0\u010do keby va\u0161u bud\u00facnos\u0165 predpovedal stroj?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky novej \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00e1 vy\u0161la v\u00a0stredu vo vedeckom \u010dasopise Nature Computatational Science ukazuje, \u017ee je to mo\u017en\u00e9. T\u00edm v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov z\u00a0viacer\u00fdch univerz\u00edt, vr\u00e1tane D\u00e1nskej technickej univerzity<\/strong>, toti\u017e vytvorili algoritmus, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee predpoveda\u0165 udalosti v\u00a0\u017eivote jednotlivca.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017ee predv\u00edda\u0165, kedy jednotliv\u00ed \u013eudia zomr\u00fa. Po jej vytr\u00e9novan\u00ed sa jej op\u00fdtali, ktor\u00ed \u013eudia zo vzorky zomr\u00fa v\u00a0nasleduj\u00facich \u0161tyroch rokoch. Jej predpove\u010f porovnali s\u00a0ofici\u00e1lnymi \u0161tatistikami a\u00a0skon\u0161tatovali, \u017ee \u00faspech zaznamenala v\u00a078 percent\u00e1ch pr\u00edpadov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nezvy\u010dajn\u00fd pr\u00edstup<\/h3>\n

\u201eCel\u00fd pr\u00edbeh \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota mo\u017eno v istom zmysle pova\u017eova\u0165 za obrovsk\u00fa dlh\u00fa vetu o mnoh\u00fdch udalostiach<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa \u010dloveku m\u00f4\u017eu sta\u0165,\u201c<\/em> uviedol pre port\u00e1l Northeastern University v\u00a0Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch americk\u00fdch ved\u00faci \u0161t\u00fadie Sune Lehmann.<\/p>\n

Takto nazerali aj na d\u00e1ta, ktor\u00fdmi \u201enak\u0155mili\u201c ich model umelej inteligencie. Jednotliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje jej poskytli vo forme zmyslupln\u00fdch viet<\/strong>. Pr\u00edklad, ktor\u00fd uviedli v\u00a0\u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed znie nasledovne: \u201eV septembri 2012 dostal Francisco dvadsa\u0165tis\u00edc d\u00e1nskych kor\u00fan ako str\u00e1\u017eca na hrade v\u00a0Elsinore.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n Medzi faktory, ktor\u00e9 pozit\u00edvne vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa na d\u013a\u017eku \u017eivota patria vysok\u00fd pr\u00edjem \u010di zast\u00e1vanie vodcovskej poz\u00edcie. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@huntersrace\n

Z takto poskytnut\u00fdch d\u00e1t si umel\u00e1 inteligencia vybrala najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie, pri\u010dom ka\u017edej z nich priradila ur\u010dit\u00fa v\u00e1hu. Tou vyjadrovala, ktor\u00e9 faktory pozit\u00edvne vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa na d\u013a\u017eku \u017eivota, a ktor\u00e9 ho naopak skracuj\u00fa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee na v\u00fdskume sa nepodie\u013eali iba vedci z technologick\u00e9ho odvetvia. Na \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed pom\u00e1hali aj vedci so zameran\u00edm na soci\u00e1lne vedy. Ich \u00falohou bolo prinies\u0165 do v\u00fdvoja umelej inteligencie pr\u00edstup zameran\u00fd na \u010dloveka<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd by v sa v d\u00e1tach inak stratil.<\/p>\n

Obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo d\u00e1t<\/h3>\n

Modern\u00e9 modely umelej inteligencie s\u00fa pri tr\u00e9ningu z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva d\u00e1t. Ako sme v\u00e1s v\u0161ak informovali v\u00a0predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku, ich mno\u017estvo nie je jedin\u00fd faktor, ktor\u00fd stoj\u00ed za vytvoren\u00edm spo\u013eahlivej umelej inteligencie; ich kvalita je rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci pri tr\u00e9novan\u00ed modelu Live2vec, ktor\u00fd vytvorili na \u00fa\u010dely tohto v\u00fdskumu, pou\u017eili d\u00e1ta o\u00a0celej popul\u00e1ci\u00ed D\u00e1nska \u2013 presnej\u0161ie povedan\u00e9 o\u00a0takmer \u0161iestich mili\u00f3noch ob\u010danov. Tieto d\u00e1ta z\u00edskali z\u00a0viacer\u00fdch zdrojov, vr\u00e1tane \u00fadajov z\u00a0trhu pr\u00e1ce, N\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho registra pacientov \u010di \u0160tatistick\u00e9ho \u00faradu D\u00e1nska<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e9ningov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa obdobie od roku 2008 do roku 2016 a pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne aspekty \u017eivota ob\u010danov. Tieto \u00fadaje poskytli modelu umelej inteligencie inform\u00e1cie o vzdelan\u00ed jednotlivcov, n\u00e1v\u0161tev\u00e1ch u lek\u00e1rov a v nemocniciach, v\u00fdsledn\u00fdch diagn\u00f3zach, pr\u00edjmoch a\u00a0povolaniach<\/strong>.<\/p>\n K t\u00fdmto d\u00e1tam nem\u00e1 pr\u00edstup ktoko\u013evek, no d\u00e1nska vl\u00e1d ich spr\u00edstup\u0148uje v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom. Zdroj: pexels.com\/@goumbik\/\n

\u201eRozsah n\u00e1\u0161ho s\u00faboru \u00fadajov n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvori\u0165 reprezent\u00e1cie jednotliv\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00fdch dr\u00e1h na \u00farovni sekvenci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 podrobne popisuj\u00fa, ako sa ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek pohybuje v \u010dase,\u201c uviedli autori v publikovanej \u0161t\u00fadii.<\/p>\n

E\u0161te vy\u017eaduje \u010das<\/h3>\n

Av\u0161ak ani po tom, \u010do poskytli umelej inteligencii takto ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo d\u00e1t, nemo\u017eno ju pou\u017ei\u0165 na predpovedanie bud\u00facnosti, ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka na zemi. Algoritmus bol vytr\u00e9novan\u00fd na d\u00e1nskej popul\u00e1ci\u00ed, a\u00a0teda dok\u00e1\u017ee spr\u00e1vne predv\u00edda\u0165 iba osudy D\u00e1nov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Psychologi\u010dka z\u00a0University College London Youyou Wuov\u00e1 pre port\u00e1l Science uviedla: \u201eBolo by fascinuj\u00face vidie\u0165, ako sa tento model prisp\u00f4sobuje d\u00e1tam z in\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, \u010do by mohlo odhali\u0165 univerz\u00e1lne vzorce alebo pouk\u00e1za\u0165 na jedine\u010dn\u00e9 kult\u00farne nuansy.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00edm v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov si v\u0161ak uvedomuje, \u017ee tak\u00fdto model umelej inteligencie m\u00f4\u017ee vyvol\u00e1va\u0165 etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/strong>. Predt\u00fdm ne\u017e by sa model mohol za\u010da\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165, je nutn\u00e9 vyrie\u0161i\u0165 nieko\u013eko probl\u00e9mov. Tie sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa ochrany s\u00fakromia, osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov \u010di zaujatosti d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\u201ePodobn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie na predpovedanie \u017eivotn\u00fdch udalost\u00ed a \u013eudsk\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania sa u\u017e dnes pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v technologick\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach, kde napr\u00edklad sleduj\u00fa na\u0161e spr\u00e1vanie na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach<\/strong>, vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa mimoriadne presn\u00e9 profily a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ich na predv\u00eddanie n\u00e1\u0161ho spr\u00e1vania a\u00a0ovplyv\u0148ovania,\u201c<\/em> tvrd\u00ed Lehmann pre blog D\u00e1nskej technickej univerzity.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Predpovedanie bud\u00facnosti \u013eud\u00ed l\u00e1kalo u\u017e od d\u00e1vnych \u010dasov a\u00a0v\u00a0istej podobe sa s\u00a0n\u00edm stret\u00e1vali naprie\u010d celou hist\u00f3riou. Starovek\u00ed Gr\u00e9ci nav\u0161tevovali Delfsk\u00fa ve\u0161tiare\u0148, kde sa mal n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkom<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8618","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8618"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8618\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}