{"id":8623,"date":"2023-12-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/nocna-praca-a-poruchy-spanku\/"},"modified":"2023-12-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:00:00","slug":"nocna-praca-a-poruchy-spanku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/nocna-praca-a-poruchy-spanku\/","title":{"rendered":"Pracovn\u00edkom no\u010dn\u00fdch zmien hroz\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko vzniku por\u00fach sp\u00e1nku, nazna\u010duje \u0161t\u00fadia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zamestnanci pracuj\u00faci na no\u010dn\u00e9 zmeny \u010delia viacer\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom. Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee s\u00fa vy\u0165a\u017een\u00ed do skor\u00fdch rann\u00fdch hod\u00edn, ich cirkadi\u00e1nny rytmus tela pracuje inak, ne\u017e u \u013eud\u00ed pracuj\u00facich na jednu zmenu. V d\u00f4sledku toho u nich vznik\u00e1 riziko nielen du\u0161evn\u00fdch, ale aj fyzick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ako sme p\u00edsali v na\u0161om predo\u0161lom \u010dl\u00e1nku, jeden z negat\u00edvnych faktorov sa sp\u00e1ja s nepravideln\u00fdm stravovan\u00edm.<\/strong> Nejde len o to, \u010do a v akom mno\u017estve jeme, ale aj o to, v akom \u010dase sa stravujeme. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee posledn\u00e9 jedlo d\u0148a odklad\u00e1me na \u010doraz neskor\u0161iu hodinu, zahr\u00e1vame sa s metabolizmom.<\/p>\n

Nielen\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eeme poc\u00edti\u0165 pr\u00edrastok na hmotnosti,<\/strong> z\u00e1rove\u0148 prispievame k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu riziku vzniku chor\u00f4b, ako je napr\u00edklad cukrovka. V d\u00f4sledku toho odborn\u00edci apeluj\u00fa na konzum\u00e1ciu pokrmov v \u010dastiach d\u0148a, kedy sme najviac akt\u00edvni.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4raz sa kladie aj na nespavos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee vy\u00fasti\u0165 do por\u00fach sp\u00e1nku.<\/strong> Ako informuje port\u00e1l ScienceAlert, pod\u013ea v\u00fdsledkov najnov\u0161ej \u0161t\u00fadie sa probl\u00e9my vyskytuj\u00fa pribli\u017ene u 1 z 10 \u013eud\u00ed pracuj\u00facich pravidelne v noci.<\/p>\n

Riziko vzniku por\u00fach sp\u00e1nku<\/h3>\n

Uveden\u00fa problematiku sk\u00famal t\u00edm vedcov z Holandska a Belgicka. Zozbieral \u00fadaje o pr\u00e1ci a sp\u00e1nku od 37 662 jedincov, ktor\u00fdch rozdelil do skup\u00edn na z\u00e1klade ich denn\u00e9ho alebo no\u010dn\u00e9ho pracovn\u00e9ho programu.<\/strong><\/p>\n Viacer\u00ed zamestnanci pracuj\u00faci v noci \u010delia poruch\u00e1m sp\u00e1nku. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

Prieskum sa zameriaval na z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 kateg\u00f3rie por\u00fach sp\u00e1nku<\/strong> – nespavos\u0165, probl\u00e9my s d\u00fdchan\u00edm a pohybom s\u00favisiace so sp\u00e1nkom, poruchy cyrkadi\u00e1nneho rytmu v podobe sp\u00e1nku a bdenia, hypersomniu, zn\u00e1mu ako nadmern\u00fa denn\u00fa ospalos\u0165 \u010di parasomniu, ktor\u00e1 sa vyzna\u010duje s abnorm\u00e1lnymi pohybmi alebo snami.<\/p>\n

\u201eZistili sme, \u017ee v porovnan\u00ed s pr\u00e1cou na be\u017en\u00e9 zmeny po\u010das denn\u00fdch hod\u00edn je pr\u00e1ca v in\u00fdch typoch zmien spojen\u00e1 s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskytom neusporiadan\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku, najm\u00e4 pri rot\u00e1cii a pravidelnej no\u010dnej pr\u00e1ci,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> vysvet\u013euje sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 vedky\u0148a Marike Lancel, p\u00f4sobiaca na holandskej univerzite v Groningene.<\/p>\n

\u201eZa zmienku stoj\u00ed, \u017ee 51 % \u013eud\u00ed pracuj\u00facich v noci dosiahlo pozit\u00edvny v\u00fdsledok aspo\u0148 pre jednu poruchu sp\u00e1nku,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> dod\u00e1va.<\/p>\n

Ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face faktory<\/h3>\n

Viac ako \u0161tvrtina pracovn\u00edkov v no\u010dn\u00fdch zmen\u00e1ch uviedla dve alebo viac por\u00fach sp\u00e1nku.<\/strong> V pr\u00edpade celkov\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov sa po\u010det jedincov s aspo\u0148 jedn\u00fdm sp\u00e1nkov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom pribl\u00ed\u017eil k hranici 1 z 3.<\/p>\n

Po\u010das sk\u00famania sa do \u00favahy brali aj ur\u010dit\u00e9 demografick\u00e9 faktory. Probl\u00e9my so sp\u00e1nkom sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie zaznamenali u \u017eensk\u00e9ho pohlavia. Naopak, mu\u017ei zvykli spa\u0165 menej hod\u00edn.<\/strong><\/p>\n Sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 poruchy postihuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 mlad\u00fdch, menej vzdelan\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

V\u00fdnimku netvorilo ani vzdelanie. Vypl\u00fdva to predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z toho, \u017ee mlad\u00ed, menej vzdelan\u00ed \u013eudia s\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zranite\u013en\u00ed, pokia\u013e ide o naru\u0161en\u00e9 vzorce sp\u00e1nku a bdenia s\u00favisiace s uveden\u00fdmi poruchami.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eVplyv pr\u00e1ce na zmeny na sp\u00e1nok je najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed u mlad\u00fdch dospel\u00fdch s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm vzdelan\u00edm,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> tvrd\u00ed Lancel.<\/p>\n

Potreba zjednotenia pracovn\u00e9ho \u010dasu<\/h3>\n

Do \u00favahy treba bra\u0165 aj to, \u017ee zisten\u00e9 poznatky neboli vykonan\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom anal\u00fdzy sp\u00e1nku vykonanej v laborat\u00f3riu.<\/strong> \u00dadaje poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa od \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed reagovali na v\u00fdzvu v novin\u00e1ch. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 z nich neplynie, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my priamo s\u00favisia s no\u010dnou pr\u00e1cou. \u0160tatistiky v\u0161ak poukazuj\u00fa na v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vz\u0165ah medzi nimi.<\/p>\n

Nepravideln\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca, najm\u00e4 v noci, sa u\u017e v minulosti sp\u00e1jala s viacer\u00fdmi negat\u00edvnymi faktormi. Zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a i\u0161lo o zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v podobe cukrovky, rakoviny \u010di depresie.<\/strong><\/p>\n No\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje cirkadi\u00e1nny rytmus tela. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

V d\u00f4sledku toho vedci, ktor\u00ed sa podie\u013eali na spom\u00ednanej \u0161t\u00fadii, apeluj\u00fa na zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov, aby si viac v\u0161\u00edmali vplyvy na zdravie zamestnancov pracuj\u00facich v noci. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa zverejni\u0165 efekt\u00edvne n\u00e1stroje a rady, ktor\u00e9 im pom\u00f4\u017eu \u010do najlep\u0161ie zvl\u00e1da\u0165 pr\u00e1cu na zmeny.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eV\u0161eobecne sa odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa rota\u010dn\u00e9 zmeny, najm\u00e4 r\u00fdchle rotuj\u00face pracovn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny, s \u010do najkrat\u0161ou dobou no\u010dnej pr\u00e1ce a mno\u017estvom dn\u00ed oddychu medzi nimi, aby ste sa zotavili z nahromaden\u00e9ho deficitu sp\u00e1nku,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> rad\u00ed v\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm vo svojom publikovanom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1rast probl\u00e9mov so sp\u00e1nkom u Slov\u00e1kov<\/h3>\n

Ako uv\u00e1dzame v na\u0161om minulom \u010dl\u00e1nku, pod\u013ea \u00fadajov V\u0161eobecnej zdravotnej pois\u0165ovne sa po\u010das pand\u00e9mie po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdm sa predp\u00edsali lieky na nespavos\u0165, enormne zv\u00fd\u0161il.<\/strong> Poukazuj\u00fa na to aj \u0161tatistiky z roku 2021, kedy lek\u00e1ri predp\u00edsali dan\u00fd druh lieku 85-tis\u00edc poistencom. V predo\u0161lom roku i\u0161lo o 40-tis\u00edc jedincov.<\/p>\n Po\u010det Slov\u00e1kov s probl\u00e9mami so sp\u00e1nkom rap\u00eddne rastie. Zdroj: pexels.com\n

Naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edmi konzumenti s\u00fa \u013eudia nad 45 rokov, v\u00fdnimku v\u0161ak netvoria ani dospievaj\u00faci. V roku 2021 sa predp\u00edsali takmer 200 de\u0165om do 18 rokov.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci apeluj\u00fa, aby pri pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facej nespavosti postihnut\u00ed jedinci vyh\u013eadali lek\u00e1rsku pomoc. Sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 laborat\u00f3rium Univerzitnej nemocnice Bratislava v priebehu roka nav\u0161t\u00edvi 450 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/strong> V 80 % pr\u00edpadoch ide o mu\u017eov vo veku 40 a\u017e 60 rokov.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zamestnanci pracuj\u00faci na no\u010dn\u00e9 zmeny \u010delia viacer\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom. Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee s\u00fa vy\u0165a\u017een\u00ed do skor\u00fdch rann\u00fdch hod\u00edn, ich cirkadi\u00e1nny rytmus tela pracuje inak, ne\u017e<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8623"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8623\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}