{"id":8625,"date":"2023-12-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/system-coscientist-dokaze-samostatne-zreplikovat-chemicke-reakcie-hodne-nobelovej-ceny\/"},"modified":"2023-12-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-26T23:00:00","slug":"system-coscientist-dokaze-samostatne-zreplikovat-chemicke-reakcie-hodne-nobelovej-ceny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/system-coscientist-dokaze-samostatne-zreplikovat-chemicke-reakcie-hodne-nobelovej-ceny\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9m Coscientist dok\u00e1\u017ee samostatne zreplikova\u0165 chemick\u00e9 reakcie hodn\u00e9 Nobelovej ceny"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V oblasti v\u00fdskumu a vedy sa strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie stalo neodmyslite\u013en\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom, ktor\u00fd v posledn\u00fdch rokoch transformoval sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm vedci rie\u0161ia komplexn\u00e9 \u00falohy. Len\u017ee poh\u013ead na umel\u00fa inteligenciu len ako na asistenta v\u00a0laborat\u00f3riu <strong>onedlho nemus\u00ed by\u0165 spr\u00e1vny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00edkom z\u00a0americkej Carnagie Mellon University sa podarilo vytvori\u0165 syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na umelej inteligencii, ktor\u00fd <strong>dok\u00e1\u017ee samostatne pracova\u0165 v\u00a0chemickom laborat\u00f3riu<\/strong>. Za vyn\u00e1lezom Coscientist stoja v\u00fdskumn\u00edci v\u00a0oblasti ch\u00e9mie Robert MacKnight a Daniil Boiko.<\/p>\n<p>Najzlo\u017eitej\u0161ie reakcie, ktor\u00e9 sa jej podarili vykona\u0165 s\u00fa v organickej ch\u00e9mi\u00ed zn\u00e1me ako pal\u00e1diov\u00e1 katal\u00fdza p\u00e1rov molek\u00fal. Jej autori si za tento objav <strong>vysl\u00fa\u017eili v roku 2010 Nobelov\u00fa cenu<\/strong>, informuje blog americkej N\u00e1rodnej vedeckej nad\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eJe to prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t, \u010do neorganick\u00e1 inteligencia napl\u00e1novala, navrhla a vykonala t\u00fato zlo\u017eit\u00fa reakciu, ktor\u00fa vyna\u0161li \u013eudia,\u201c<\/em> uviedol Gabe Gomes, chemik a\u00a0chemick\u00fd in\u017einier p\u00f4sobiaci na spom\u00ednanej univerzite, ktor\u00fd viedol t\u00edm v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n<h3>Komplexn\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti na trhu existuje viacero ve\u013ek\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch modelov umelej inteligenci\u00ed. Radia sa medzi nich <strong>ChatGPT, Google Bard \u010di Grok<\/strong> od spolo\u010dnosti americk\u00e9ho miliard\u00e1ra Elona Muska, o\u00a0ktorej sme v\u00e1s informovali v\u00a0predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0nich dok\u00e1\u017ee n\u00e1js\u0165 a\u00a0vy\u0148a\u0165 opakuj\u00face sa vzory z\u00a0ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva d\u00e1t. Odli\u0161uj\u00fa sa v\u0161ak v\u00a0ich sile a\u00a0spo\u013eahlivosti. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sa po <strong>otestovan\u00ed viacer\u00fdch modelov rozhodli pre GPT-4<\/strong> od spolo\u010dnosti OpenAI, ke\u010f\u017ee ako jedin\u00fd splnil minim\u00e1lne po\u017eiadavky.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Gabe Gomes Explains Coscientist\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OBkl_Wt39Rc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m v\u0161ak nestoj\u00ed iba na tomto modeli umelej inteligencie. <strong>Sklad\u00e1 sa toti\u017e z\u00a0viacer\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed<\/strong>. <em>&#8222;Sna\u017eili sme sa rozdeli\u0165 v\u0161etky mo\u017en\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 \u00falohy na mal\u00e9 \u010dasti a potom k\u00fasok po k\u00fasku vytvori\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed obraz,&#8220;<\/em> povedal Boiko pre N\u00e1rodn\u00fa vedeck\u00fa nad\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00fd z\u00a0nich, ktor\u00fd je poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fd GPT-4, nazvali Planner, pri\u010dom <strong>sl\u00fa\u017ei ako prostredn\u00edk medzi \u010dlovekom a\u00a0zvy\u0161n\u00fdmi modulmi<\/strong>, uviedli v\u00a0\u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00fa publikovali vo vedeckom \u010dasopise Nature. Po zadan\u00ed pr\u00edkazu dok\u00e1\u017ee preh\u013ead\u00e1va\u0165 internet a dokument\u00e1cie, programova\u0165 v Pythone \u010di vykona\u0165 experimenty.<\/p>\n<h3>Interakcia s\u00a0hmotn\u00fdm svetom<\/h3>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m Coscientist v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017ee operova\u0165 aj mimo digit\u00e1lneho sveta, ke\u010f\u017ee vedci ho pripojili k vybaveniu laborat\u00f3ria. Ide o laborat\u00f3rne roboty, ktor\u00e9 vedci be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na <strong>manipul\u00e1ciu \u010di zahrievanie mal\u00fdch d\u00e1vok tekut\u00edn s vysokou presnos\u0165ou<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ako uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed, so strojom Opentrons OT-2 komunikuje <strong>prostredn\u00edctvom k\u00f3du,<\/strong> <strong>ktor\u00fd s\u00e1m nap\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong>. Ten spracuje pomocou rozhrania pre programovanie aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, takzvan\u00fdm API. Ide tak o <strong>prv\u00fa umel\u00fa inteligenciu, ktor\u00e1 ovl\u00e1da tak\u00fdto stroj<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00edci najprv otestovali jeho schopnosti so zariaden\u00edm t\u00fdm, \u017ee mu prik\u00e1zali vytvori\u0165 nieko\u013eko vzorcov pomocou farebn\u00fdch tekut\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 napustil do sk\u00famaviek. <strong>Ke\u010f\u017ee bol \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd, vysk\u00fa\u0161ali nie\u010do \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie<\/strong>. Rozozn\u00e1vanie farieb za pomoci spektrofotometra \u2013 zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 meria vlnov\u00fa d\u013a\u017eku svetla, ktor\u00fa pohltia chemik\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n V\u00fdskumn\u00edci museli syst\u00e9mu pom\u00f4c\u0165, aby pochopil ako m\u00e1 rozozna\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 farby. Zdroj: pexels.com\/@evie-shaffer-1259279\/\n<p>Nakoniec, ke\u010f uznali, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee ovl\u00e1da\u0165 laborat\u00f3rne vybavenie, ho po\u017eiadali, aby \u201evykonal Suzukiho a Sonogashirove reakcie,\u201c pomenovan\u00e9 pod\u013ea objavite\u013eov, ktor\u00ed ich objavili e\u0161te v\u00a070. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia. Stroj najprv <strong>urobil chybu pri programovan\u00ed, nesk\u00f4r si ju v\u0161ak s\u00e1m uvedomil a\u00a0opravil<\/strong>, v\u010faka \u010domu \u00faspe\u0161ne dokon\u010dil chemick\u00fd pokus.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e1dej pre bud\u00facich vedcov<\/h3>\n<p>Port\u00e1l Carnagie Mellon University uv\u00e1dza vyjadrenie riadite\u013ea chemick\u00e9ho oddelenia N\u00e1rodnej vedeckej nad\u00e1cie Davida Berkowitza: <strong><em>\u201eOkrem \u00faloh chemickej synt\u00e9zy, ktor\u00e9 ich syst\u00e9m demon\u0161troval, Gomes a jeho t\u00edm \u00faspe\u0161ne syntetizovali ak\u00e9hosi hyper-efekt\u00edvneho laborat\u00f3rneho partnera.\u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pom\u00e1ha\u0165 v\u0161ak nebude iba v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4sobia na americkej univerzite, preto\u017ee ho pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa poskytn\u00fa\u0165 aj ostatn\u00fdm vedcom. T\u00ed v\u0161ak nebud\u00fa musie\u0165 pricestova\u0165 na akademick\u00fa p\u00f4du. T\u00edm v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov toti\u017e chce, <strong>aby syst\u00e9m Coscientist mohli pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na dia\u013eku cez internet<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Vedci, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k\u00a0drah\u00e9mu laborat\u00f3rnemu vybaveniu, <strong>tak z\u00edskaj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 ako vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 ich n\u00e1pady<\/strong>. V\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee nemusia vedie\u0165 ani programova\u0165. <em>\u201eAk vedec dok\u00e1\u017ee komunikova\u0165 s automatizovan\u00fdmi platformami v prirodzenom jazyku, otvor\u00ed sa t\u00e1to oblas\u0165 pre ove\u013ea viac \u013eud\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> uviedol ved\u00faci v\u00fdskumu Gomes.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edm, ktor\u00fd syst\u00e9m vytvoril, si v\u0161ak uvedomuje mo\u017en\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 t\u00e1to mo\u017enos\u0165 predstavuje. Ich s\u00fa\u010dasnou \u00falohou je <strong>zabezpe\u010di\u0165, \u017ee syst\u00e9m nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zneu\u017eit\u00fd na vytvorenie nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch alebo zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch l\u00e1tok<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V oblasti v\u00fdskumu a vedy sa strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie stalo neodmyslite\u013en\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom, ktor\u00fd v posledn\u00fdch rokoch transformoval sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm vedci rie\u0161ia komplexn\u00e9 \u00falohy. Len\u017ee poh\u013ead na<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8625"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8625\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}