{"id":8630,"date":"2023-12-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/dezinformacie-a-hoaxy-ako-ich-rozoznat-od-pravdivych-sprav\/"},"modified":"2023-12-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T23:00:00","slug":"dezinformacie-a-hoaxy-ako-ich-rozoznat-od-pravdivych-sprav","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/dezinformacie-a-hoaxy-ako-ich-rozoznat-od-pravdivych-sprav\/","title":{"rendered":"Dezinform\u00e1cie a hoaxy: Ako ich rozozna\u0165 od pravdiv\u00fdch spr\u00e1v?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Digit\u00e1lne platformy u\u013eah\u010dili komuko\u013evek zdie\u013ea\u0165 inform\u00e1cie online a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di je nie\u010do skuto\u010dn\u00e9 alebo nepravdiv\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

To, \u010do \u010dlovek vid\u00ed online, m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 jeho poh\u013ead na svet a jeho celkov\u00fa pohodu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o tom, ako sa \u0161\u00edria dezinform\u00e1cie a ako si na ne d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor.<\/p>\n

\u010co s\u00fa to dezinform\u00e1cie?<\/em><\/h3>\n

Dezinform\u00e1cie s\u00fa nepravdiv\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie zdie\u013ean\u00e9 z\u00e1merne s cie\u013eom zav\u00e1dza\u0165 a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 \u0161kodu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dezinform\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 podobu nepravdiv\u00e9ho alebo zmanipulovan\u00e9ho textu, obr\u00e1zku, videa alebo zvuku,<\/strong> pri\u010dom m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 na podporu kon\u0161pir\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u0161\u00edrenie pochybnost\u00ed a diskredit\u00e1ciu pravdiv\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/strong> \u010di jednotlivcov a organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa to napr\u00edklad vymyslen\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy alebo politick\u00e1 propaganda<\/strong>, uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l www.nspcc.org.uk.<\/p>\n

Rozdiel medzi dezinform\u00e1ciou a hoaxom<\/em><\/h3>\n

Hoax<\/strong> je\u00a0spr\u00e1va s klamliv\u00fdm, falo\u0161n\u00fdm \u010d<\/strong>i inak vedome nespr\u00e1vnym obsahom- dezinform\u00e1ciou<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 sa sna\u017e\u00ed vyvola\u0165 negat\u00edvnu em\u00f3ciu a zmanipulova\u0165 pr\u00edjemcu<\/strong>, aby spr\u00e1vu preposielal a \u010falej masovo \u0161\u00edril,<\/strong> p\u00ed\u0161e bezpecnenanete.eset.com.<\/p>\n

Port\u00e1l elv.ai definuje pojem hoax ako nevy\u017eiadan\u00fa, popla\u0161n\u00fa, \u00fa\u010delovo upraven\u00fa a polopravdiv\u00fa spr\u00e1vu. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Tvrd\u00ed tie\u017e, \u017ee \u010dasto varuje pred nebezpe\u010denstvom, v\u00edrusom, \u017eiada o naliehav\u00fa pomoc, s\u013eubuje r\u00fdchle zbohatnutie \u010di pros\u00ed o okam\u017eit\u00e9 rozoslanie spr\u00e1vy v\u0161etk\u00fdm zn\u00e1mym a priate\u013eom.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoax je \u0161pecifick\u00fd typ dezinform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fd obsahuje po\u017eiadavku na \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161\u00edrenie.<\/p>\n

V podstate \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u0161\u00edritelia hoaxu m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v\u010faka manipul\u00e1cii presved\u010den\u00ed o pravdivosti obsahu, a teda ho \u0161\u00edria ako misinform\u00e1ciu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cie\u013eom tvorcu hoaxu je vyvola\u0165 strach, \u00fazkos\u0165 \u010di pocit ohrozenia a don\u00fati\u0165 tak obe\u0165, aby konala nepremyslene.<\/p>\n

Soci\u00e1lne m\u00e9di\u00e1 dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa falo\u0161n\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m moc<\/h3>\n

Klamstv\u00e1 maj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed dosah ako pravdy. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160\u00edria sa ove\u013ea r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie,<\/strong> \u010do je fenom\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd e\u0161te umocnila globaliz\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n

Dezinform\u00e1cie sa \u010doraz r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie \u0161\u00edria po krajin\u00e1ch a kontinentoch prostredn\u00edctvom soci\u00e1lnych m\u00e9di\u00ed<\/strong> a in\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n

Web english.elpais.com tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee hoaxy maj\u00fa tendenciu vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 ve\u013ea medi\u00e1lneho zm\u00e4tku okolo aktu\u00e1lnych udalost\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00fa to t\u00e9my,<\/strong> ako napr\u00edklad koronav\u00edrus, vojna v Gaze a geopolitick\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie medzi Izraelom a in\u00fdmi krajinami, ned\u00e1vne vo\u013eby v Argent\u00edne alebo vyhl\u00e1senie nov\u00fdch imigra\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1konov v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Udalosti, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa moment\u00e1lne svet v nap\u00e4t\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 prekr\u00faten\u00e9 falo\u0161n\u00fdmi spr\u00e1vami.<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u00f4zne podoby falo\u0161n\u00fdch a\u00a0klamliv\u00fdch spr\u00e1v<\/em><\/h3>\n

Dezinform\u00e1cie a hoaxy m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 viacero pod\u00f4b, port\u00e1l bezpecnenanete.eset.com uv\u00e1dza nejak\u00e9 z\u00a0naj\u010dastej\u0161ie publikovan\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Falo\u0161n\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a dezinform\u00e1cie\u00a0(Fake news)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pomocou prekr\u00faten\u00fdch, vymyslen\u00fdch \u010di upraven\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa sna\u017eia manipulova\u0165 masy a ich n\u00e1zory.<\/p>\n

Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie je to s politick\u00fdm alebo ideologick\u00fdm cie\u013eom. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ich silu zvy\u0161uj\u00fa aj soci\u00e1lne siete,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 podobn\u00fd obsah nereguluj\u00fa a pre jeho vysok\u00fa vir\u00e1lnos\u0165 ho ich algoritmy \u0161\u00edria e\u0161te intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vymyslen\u00e9 cit\u00e1ty zn\u00e1mej osobnosti<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Autor \u0161\u00edri vymyslen\u00e9 vyjadrenie zn\u00e1mej osobnosti, ktor\u00e1 v danej krajine \u010di lokalite p\u00f4sob\u00ed d\u00f4veryhodne.<\/p>\n

Tento cit\u00e1t dopln\u00ed aj o fotografiu osobnosti, aby p\u00f4sobil hodnovernej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 aj o osoby, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa akt\u00edvne na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach a preto je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 si inform\u00e1cie overi\u0165.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u00edrenie dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed zn\u00e1mym \u010dlovekom <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Niekedy \u0161\u00edreniu nezmyslov pom\u00e1ha zn\u00e1my \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 ve\u013ea fan\u00fa\u0161ikov, ale nie je odborn\u00edkom v danej oblasti. <\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 spev\u00e1k, politik, ale aj zn\u00e1my lek\u00e1r. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad Donald Trump navrhoval bojova\u0165 s pand\u00e9miou COVID-19 pomocou dezinfek\u010dn\u00e9ho prostriedku, \u010do malo za n\u00e1sledok aj otravu u jednej osoby.<\/p>\n

Technologick\u00e9 hoaxy<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa \u0161\u00edria pomocou e-mailov a upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na vymyslen\u00fd v\u00edrus alebo technologick\u00fa hrozbu.<\/p>\n

\u010casto n\u00e1s vyz\u00fdvaj\u00fa k aktivite, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m po\u0161kod\u00ed funk\u010dnos\u0165 technol\u00f3gie.<\/p>\n

Re\u0165azov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V minulosti sa \u0161\u00edrili listami klasickou po\u0161tou, dnes sa presunuli na internet.<\/p>\n

Adres\u00e1ta nab\u00e1daj\u00fa na \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161\u00edrenie a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pover\u010divos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad tvrdia, \u017ee ak spr\u00e1vu nepo\u0161lete aspo\u0148 piatim \u010fal\u0161\u00edm \u013eu\u010fom, budete ma\u0165 ne\u0161\u0165astie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Upraven\u00e9 alebo star\u00e9 fotografie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pri tvorbe dezinform\u00e1cie sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva aj star\u00e1 fotografia, ktor\u00e1 je re\u00e1lna, ale via\u017ee sa k inej udalosti.<\/p>\n

Fotografia sa niekedy aj uprav\u00ed, dorobia sa v nej veci, \u010d\u00edm vznikne falo\u0161n\u00e1 fotografia.<\/p>\n

Typick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom je fotografia z roku 1991 s lo\u010fou Vlora, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017eila v roku 2018 v Eur\u00f3pe v s\u00favislosti s migra\u010dnou kr\u00edzou.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea \u010doho identifikujeme hoax\/falo\u0161n\u00fa spr\u00e1vu?<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 z falo\u0161n\u00fdch spr\u00e1v maj\u00fa charakteristick\u00e9 znaky, ktor\u00e9 ich dok\u00e1\u017eu prezradi\u0165.<\/p>\n

\u010casto poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zo zdrojov s pochybnou alebo kontroverznou povahou, pr\u00edpadne\u00a0zdroj nie je v\u00f4bec uveden\u00fd.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na str\u00e1nkach, ktor\u00e9 \u0161\u00edria falo\u0161n\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ch\u00fdba kontakt na redakciu \u010di konkr\u00e9tneho autora<\/strong>, pr\u00edpadne\u00a0maj\u00fa n\u00edzku \u00farove\u0148 gramatiky a \u0161tylistiky.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Objavuj\u00fa sa aj texty a weby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa profesion\u00e1lne a kvalitne spracovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ako si inform\u00e1cie overi\u0165?<\/h3>\n

D\u00f4veryhodn\u00e9 s\u00fa najm\u00e4 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 robia svoju pr\u00e1cu transparentne, overuj\u00fa si fakty a dodr\u017eiavaj\u00fa etick\u00fd k\u00f3dex.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dobr\u00fdm zdrojom m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 (medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9) organiz\u00e1cie, mimovl\u00e1dne in\u0161tit\u00facie, univerzity \u010di vedeck\u00e9 \u00fastavy demokratick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, tvrd\u00ed bezpecnenanete.eset.com.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm je spr\u00e1va \u0161okuj\u00facej\u0161ia, t\u00fdm je pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee je to dezinform\u00e1cia. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nezab\u00fadajme, \u017ee po\u010det „lajkov“ a zdie\u013ean\u00ed nehovor\u00ed ni\u010d o pravdivosti a d\u00f4veryhodnosti spr\u00e1vy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Boj proti dezinform\u00e1ci\u00e1m<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n

Boj proti dezinform\u00e1ci\u00e1m je ve\u013emi komplikovan\u00fd a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Je na to potrebn\u00e9 dlhodob\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie o danej oblasti od \u00fatleho veku, ktor\u00e9 je na \u00farovni modern\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Viktor Brainer, poradca pre boj s hybridn\u00fdmi hrozbami ministerstva obrany povedal pre R\u00e1dio Slovensko: \u201eNapr\u00edklad f\u00ednske deti dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa tablet, ke\u010f maj\u00fa tri roky. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa sa u\u010di\u0165 s technol\u00f3giami, ako maj\u00fa fungova\u0165. Nie v\u0161ak tak\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom, \u017ee im ho zapnete a deti ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa bez dozoru,\u201c\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 uviedol, \u017ee t\u00e1to v\u00fdchova zoh\u013ead\u0148uje konkr\u00e9tne kroky na v\u00fdvoj medi\u00e1lnej gramotnosti, kde m\u00e1 v\u00fdhradn\u00e9 miesto kritick\u00e9 myslenie.<\/p>\n

\u201eVe\u013emi \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdchovu o tom, ako nar\u00e1ba\u0165 s technol\u00f3giami. Je to pr\u00edprava na \u017eivot v modernej dobe,\u201c <\/strong><\/em>dodal Viktor Brainer.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Boj proti hoaxom na Slovensku<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n

Policajn\u00fd zbor za\u010dal boj proti dezinform\u00e1ci\u00e1m ako prv\u00e1 in\u0161tit\u00facia na Slovensku v roku 2017.<\/p>\n

HOAXY SA NA M\u0147A NELEPIA<\/strong>\u00a0je prevent\u00edvno-vzdel\u00e1vacia kampa\u0148 Ministerstva vn\u00fatra SR a Policajn\u00e9ho zboru,<\/strong> ktor\u00fa podporili v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 osobnosti.<\/p>\n

Slovensk\u00e1 republika je dlhodob\u00fdm cie\u013eom p\u00f4sobenia r\u00f4znych druhov dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch cie\u013eom je vytv\u00e1ranie nap\u00e4tia v spolo\u010dnosti, n\u00e1rast ned\u00f4very v \u0161t\u00e1tne in\u0161tit\u00facie\u00a0a\u00a0polariz\u00e1cia spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Pol\u00edcia sa p\u00f4soben\u00edm dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed za\u010dala intenz\u00edvne zaobera\u0165 najm\u00e4 po vypuknut\u00ed pand\u00e9mie, kedy nastal prv\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1rast vplyvu nepravdiv\u00fdch spr\u00e1v.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zmanipulovan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie bezprostredne ohrozovali \u017eivoty a zdravie v\u0161etk\u00fdch ob\u010danov krajiny.<\/p>\n

V roku 2022 sa nosnou t\u00e9mou dezinform\u00e1torov stala vojna na Ukrajine a obhajovanie vojenskej agresie cudzej \u0161t\u00e1tnej mocnosti, tvrd\u00ed web Ministerstva vn\u00fatra Slovenskej republiky.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ministerstvo vn\u00fatra rie\u0161i problematiku dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 aktiv\u00edt zameran\u00fdch proti hybridn\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m a v roku 2022 zriadilo aj \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 Centrum boja proti hybridn\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Digit\u00e1lne platformy u\u013eah\u010dili komuko\u013evek zdie\u013ea\u0165 inform\u00e1cie online a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di je nie\u010do skuto\u010dn\u00e9 alebo nepravdiv\u00e9. To, \u010do \u010dlovek vid\u00ed online, m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8630","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8630"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8630\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}