{"id":8635,"date":"2024-01-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-02T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/tik\/"},"modified":"2024-01-03T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-01-02T23:00:00","slug":"tik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/tik\/","title":{"rendered":"Magick\u00fd Tikal ukryt\u00fd v srdci d\u017eungle"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tikal, pova\u017eovan\u00fd za jedno z <strong>najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u00edsk mayskej civiliz\u00e1cie<\/strong>, vynik\u00e1 svojou majest\u00e1tnou kr\u00e1sou a bohatou hist\u00f3riou.<\/p>\n<p>Toto starovek\u00e9 mesto, nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa<strong> v srdci dne\u0161nej Guatemaly, je domovom impozantn\u00fdch pyram\u00edd, pal\u00e1cov a chr\u00e1mov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 odkazuj\u00fa na sl\u00e1vnu minulos\u0165 mayskej popul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Geografick\u00e1 poloha<\/h3>\n<p>Tikal sa rozklad\u00e1 v oblasti Pet\u00e9n, v severnej \u010dasti Guatemaly.<\/p>\n<p>Svojou <strong>polohou v hlbokom pralese a bl\u00edzkos\u0165ou k rieke Usumacinta<\/strong>, bola t\u00e1to oblas\u0165 ide\u00e1lnym miestom pre v\u00fdvoj ve\u013ekej mayskej civiliz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1rodn\u00fd park Tikal zah\u0155\u0148a 575 kilometrov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch d\u017eungle a tis\u00edce stavieb v<\/strong> procese rozpadu.<\/p>\n<p>Len<strong> centr\u00e1lna \u010das\u0165 starobyl\u00e9ho mesta obsahuje 3000 budov <\/strong>a pokr\u00fdva asi 16 kilometrov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p>Tikal je tie\u017e s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou <strong>biosf\u00e9rickej rezerv\u00e1cie Maya s rozlohou 1 mili\u00f3n hekt\u00e1rov, vytvorenej v roku 1990<\/strong> na ochranu hust\u00fdch lesov v oblasti Peten, ktor\u00e9 za\u010dali znepokojivou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou mizn\u00fa\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku popula\u010dn\u00e9ho tlaku, nez\u00e1konnej \u0165a\u017eby dreva a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych prakt\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Vznik a v\u00fdznam<\/h3>\n<p>Archeol\u00f3govia odhaduj\u00fa, \u017ee Mayovia sa v oblasti dnes zn\u00e1mej ako Tikal usadili asi <strong>v roku 900 pred Kristom.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tikal sa v priebehu storo\u010d\u00ed rozr\u00e1stol na d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 <strong>obradn\u00e9, kult\u00farne a obchodn\u00e9 centrum.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina obrovsk\u00fdch chr\u00e1mov v meste bola postaven\u00e1 po\u010das \u00f4smeho storo\u010dia n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu, ke\u010f sa Tikal stal <strong>najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm mestom sveta Mayov s po\u010dtom obyvate\u013eov pribli\u017ene 100 000.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Magick\u00fd Tikal ukryt\u00fd v srdci d\u017eungle. Zdroj: belizeadventure.ca\n<h3>Nad\u010dasov\u00e1 architekt\u00fara<\/h3>\n<p>Mesto Tikal je zn\u00e1me svojou grandi\u00f3znou architekt\u00farou.<\/p>\n<p>Pyram\u00eddy, ako napr\u00edklad <strong>Pyram\u00edda I, na ktorej stoj\u00ed Chr\u00e1m jagu\u00e1ra\u00a0a Pyram\u00edda II, na ktorej stoj\u00ed Chr\u00e1m masiek,<\/strong> dominuj\u00fa lok\u00e1lnej panor\u00e1me.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto stavby s\u00fa nielen vizu\u00e1lnym prejavom mayskej <strong>architektonickej vynaliezavosti, ale aj miestami n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov a kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch cerem\u00f3ni\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Maysk\u00ed astron\u00f3movia z<strong> vrcholu pyram\u00edd sledovali pohyby Venu\u0161e a v\u0161etk\u00fdch ostatn\u00fdch vidite\u013en\u00fdch plan\u00e9t.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvali mimoriadne presn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty aj pod\u013ea dne\u0161n\u00fdch \u0161tandardov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd z\u00e1nik<\/h3>\n<p>Napriek svojej sl\u00e1ve a v\u00fdznamu Tikal za\u017eil <strong>z\u00e1hadn\u00fd z\u00e1nik v 10. storo\u010d\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00ed\u010diny kolapsu nie s\u00fa \u00faplne jasn\u00e9 a historici maj\u00fa <strong>r\u00f4zne te\u00f3rie, vr\u00e1tane ekologick\u00fdch zmien, soci\u00e1lnej nestability alebo dokonca vojensk\u00fdch konfliktov.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Znovuobjavenie Tikalu<\/h3>\n<p>Ve\u013ek\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 pamiatky Tikalu ch\u00e1trali po st\u00e1ro\u010dia a postupne ich za\u010dala pohlcova\u0165 d\u017eung\u013ea.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hernando Cort\u00e9s, dobyvate\u013e Mexika, s jeho skupinou pochodovali k Tikalu v roku 1525<\/strong>, ale nedok\u00e1zali vidie\u0165 jeho chr\u00e1my ukryt\u00e9 40 metrov vysok\u00fdmi stromami.<\/p>\n<p>A\u017e v roku 1848 <strong>exped\u00edcia vyslan\u00e1 guatemalskou vl\u00e1dou ofici\u00e1lne objavila<\/strong> ruiny.<\/p>\n<p>\u010coskoro nasledovali \u0161vaj\u010diarski, nemeck\u00ed a britsk\u00ed archeol\u00f3govia, aby odstr\u00e1nili trosky a za\u010dali \u0161tudova\u0165 miesto.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fazeum Pensylv\u00e1nskej univerzity a Guatemalsk\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat antropol\u00f3gie a hist\u00f3rie,\u00a0<strong>obnovili v 50. a 60. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia stavby Tikalu do ich s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>UNESCO ozna\u010dilo ruiny za svetov\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo v roku 1979.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Architekt\u00fara a zmysel pre detail s\u00fa vlajkovou lo\u010fou Tikalu. Zdroj: elsouvenir.com\n<h3>Ve\u013ekolep\u00e9 prepracovan\u00e9 chr\u00e1my<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Chr\u00e1m jagu\u00e1ra a Chr\u00e1m masiek sa t\u00fd\u010dia na opa\u010dn\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho n\u00e1mestia<\/strong>, obrovsk\u00e9ho priestoru obklopen\u00e9ho terasami, pal\u00e1cmi a loptov\u00fdmi ihriskami.<\/p>\n<p>Chr\u00e1m I sa t\u00fd\u010di asi 50 metrov nad v\u00fdchodn\u00fdm koncom n\u00e1mestia.<\/p>\n<p>Kamenn\u00e9 schodisko vedie nahor po <strong>deviatich \u00farovniach pyram\u00eddy, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 deviatim \u00farovniam maysk\u00e9ho podsvetia. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Nieko\u013eko turistov zahynulo po\u010das v\u00fdstupu<\/strong> na t\u00fdchto schodoch, \u010do prin\u00fatilo org\u00e1ny parku v\u00fdstup zak\u00e1za\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Hrobky pln\u00e9 luxusu<\/h3>\n<p>V roku 1958 archeol\u00f3govia <strong>objavili hrob Ah Cacau, jedn\u00e9ho z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch vl\u00e1dcov Tikalu<\/strong>, v chr\u00e1me I.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kostra Ah Cacau bola ozdoben\u00e1 nefritov\u00fdmi ozdobami<\/strong> a obklopen\u00e1 vz\u00e1cnymi darmi, vr\u00e1tane keramiky, alabastru, morsk\u00fdch mu\u0161l\u00ed a per\u00e1l z Karibsk\u00e9 pobre\u017eie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Repliku tejto prepracovanej hrobky si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 v Tikalskom m\u00fazeu<\/strong> ne\u010faleko n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edckeho centra.<\/p>\n<p>Chr\u00e1m II sa naz\u00fdva Chr\u00e1m masiek kv\u00f4li <strong>obrovsk\u00fdm kamenn\u00fdm mask\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017eia jeho schodisko. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It is <strong>takmer tak\u00fd vysok\u00fd ako Chr\u00e1m I, no na v\u00fdstup je bezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jeho vrchol pon\u00faka poh\u013eady z cestovate\u013esk\u00fdch plag\u00e1tov na Ve\u013ek\u00e9 n\u00e1mestie, dva labyrintov\u00e9 obradn\u00e9 a obytn\u00e9 komplexy, s n\u00e1zvom Severn\u00e1 Akropola a Centr\u00e1lna Akropola.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Objavenie Eur\u00f3panmi<\/h3>\n<p>Tikal nebol zn\u00e1my eur\u00f3pskym osadn\u00edkom, a\u017e do <strong>objavu \u0161vaj\u010diarskeho cestovate\u013ea Johanna Lundaa v roku 1848. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Od tej doby prebieha systematick\u00fd archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdskum, ktor\u00fd odha\u013euje nov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o mayskej civiliz\u00e1cii a hist\u00f3rii Tikalu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dnes je Tikal pre Guatemalu t\u00fdm, \u010d\u00edm s\u00fa pre Egypt Ve\u013ek\u00e9 pyram\u00eddy<\/strong>, n\u00e1rodn\u00fdm symbolom a zdrojom hrdosti z minulosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tikal, pova\u017eovan\u00fd za jedno z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u00edsk mayskej civiliz\u00e1cie, vynik\u00e1 svojou majest\u00e1tnou kr\u00e1sou a bohatou hist\u00f3riou. Toto starovek\u00e9 mesto, nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa v srdci dne\u0161nej<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8635"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8635\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}