{"id":8652,"date":"2024-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/podobnost-medzi-otlackami-prstov\/"},"modified":"2024-01-18T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-01-17T23:00:00","slug":"podobnost-medzi-otlackami-prstov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/podobnost-medzi-otlackami-prstov\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia pouk\u00e1zala na podobnos\u0165 medzi odtla\u010dkami prstov. Vedci pou\u017eili umel\u00fa inteligenciu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Inov\u00e1cie v\u00a0technologickom sektore s\u00fa \u010dasto sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e9 nov\u00fdmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdmi opatreniami. Ned\u00e1vne trendy poukazuj\u00fa na prechod od klasick\u00fdch hesiel k\u00a0alternat\u00edvnym met\u00f3dam zabezpe\u010denia \u2013 <strong>odomykanie osobn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed pomocou biometrick\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Odtla\u010dky prstov m\u00f4\u017eu odomkn\u00fa\u0165 smartf\u00f3n \u010di in\u00e9 zariadenia, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00f4\u017eu <strong>vy\u0161etrovate\u013eom pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri odhalen\u00ed p\u00e1chate\u013ea<\/strong> <strong>trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu<\/strong>, \u010di u\u017e v realite alebo v telev\u00edznej tvorbe. O jednej z nich sme v\u00e1s informovali v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<p>Daktyloskopia \u2013 n\u00e1uka sk\u00famaj\u00faca odtla\u010dky prsty \u2013 u\u017e dlho zast\u00e1va t\u00e9zu, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd odtla\u010dok je \u00faplne jedine\u010dn\u00fd. To si myslel aj Gabe Guo, \u0161tudent Kolumbijskej univerzity v\u00a0New Yorku, k\u00fdm mu profesor nepolo\u017eil ot\u00e1zku: <em>&quot;<strong>Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd odtla\u010dok prsta je skuto\u010dne jedine\u010dn\u00fd?\u201c<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eNetu\u0161il som, \u017ee tento rozhovor ur\u010d\u00ed smerovanie m\u00f4jho \u017eivota na \u010fal\u0161ie tri roky,\u201c<\/em> uviedol pre port\u00e1l CNN. Guo a jeho t\u00edm toti\u017e pracovali na v\u00fdskume umelej inteligencie, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee rozozn\u00e1va\u0165 odtla\u010dky prstov. Na z\u00e1klade v\u00fdsledkov pri\u0161li na to, \u017ee <strong>nemusia by\u0165 \u00faplne unik\u00e1tne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Pri\u0161la na nov\u00fa met\u00f3du<\/h3>\n<p>Ak krimin\u00e1lnik sp\u00e1cha zlo\u010din na viacer\u00fdch miestach a\u00a0v\u0161ade zanech\u00e1 odtla\u010dky z\u00a0in\u00fdch prstov, pr\u00e1ca kriminalistov sa komplikuje. Medzi odtla\u010dkami z\u00a0r\u00f4znych palcov doteraz nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 prvok, ktor\u00fd by ich <strong>dok\u00e1zate\u013ene dok\u00e1zal spoji\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00e1 met\u00f3da toti\u017e porovn\u00e1va \u0161pecifick\u00e9 prvky \u2013 ryhy &#8211; dvoch odtla\u010dkov. Gabe Guo pre CNN povedal: <strong><em>\u201eS\u00fa skvel\u00e9 na porovn\u00e1vanie odtla\u010dkov prstov, ale nie s\u00fa spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 pri h\u013eadan\u00ed korel\u00e1ci\u00ed medzi odtla\u010dkami prstov tej istej osoby.\u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"AI Learns to Correlate a Person&#039;s Unique Fingerprints\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/s5esfRbBc18?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Pri svojom v\u00fdskume pou\u017eili syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na umelej inteligenci\u00ed, ktor\u00fd sa naz\u00fdva h\u013abkov\u00e1 kontrastn\u00e1 sie\u0165 (deep contrastive network pozn. red.). Port\u00e1l Veda na Dosah uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee vedci <strong>analyzovali a\u017e 60-tis\u00edc odtla\u010dkov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 z\u00edskali z verejne dostupnej datab\u00e1zy Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov americk\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p>Model umelej inteligencie sa nezameral na spom\u00ednan\u00e9 ryhy, ale na uhly a\u00a0zakrivenia v\u00edrov a\u00a0slu\u010diek v\u00a0strede prstov. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom dosiahol <strong>77-percentn\u00fa \u00faspe\u0161nos\u0165<\/strong> pri porovn\u00e1van\u00ed dvoch odtla\u010dkov, pri\u010dom \u00faspe\u0161nos\u0165 sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila, ke\u010f pou\u017eili viacero p\u00e1rov prstov jednej osoby.<\/p>\n<h3>Neodbytnos\u0165 v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00edm v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov overil v\u00fdsledky, ktor\u00e9 z\u00edskali po pou\u017eit\u00ed umelej inteligencie, a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne ich zaslali do uzn\u00e1van\u00e9ho forenzn\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu. <strong>O\u00a0nieko\u013eko mesiacov v\u0161ak obdr\u017eali zamietav\u00e9 stanovisko<\/strong>, informuje port\u00e1l Columbia Engineering.<\/p>\n<p>Anonymn\u00fd odborn\u00fd recenzent a\u00a0editor toti\u017e dospel k\u00a0z\u00e1veru, \u017ee \u201eje v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1me, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd odtla\u010dok prsta je jedine\u010dn\u00fd\u201c, a\u00a0preto nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 podobnosti medzi odtla\u010dkami, aj keby poch\u00e1dzali od toho ist\u00e9ho jedinca \u2013 <strong>odk\u00e1zal sa na dlhodobo zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 zm\u00fd\u0161lanie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Prv\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciu odtla\u010dkov prstov vykonal in\u0161pektor Eduardo Alvarez v argent\u00ednskom Buenos Airesv roku 1892. Zdroj: unsplash.com\/@macroman\n<p>T\u00edm sa v\u0161ak touto odpove\u010fou nenechal odradi\u0165 a vo svojom v\u00fdskume pokra\u010dovali. Umelej inteligencii poskytli \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00e1ta a jej \u00faspe\u0161nos\u0165 aj na\u010falej r\u00e1stla. Op\u00e4\u0165 sa pok\u00fasili predlo\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fdsledky svojej pr\u00e1ce, tentokr\u00e1t pre \u0161ir\u0161ie publikum. <strong>Aj v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade ich odmietli<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Spoluautor \u0161t\u00fadie Hod Lipson sa preto rozhodol odvola\u0165: <strong><em>\u201eZvy\u010dajne sa s redak\u010dn\u00fdmi rozhodnutiami neh\u00e1dam, ale toto zistenie je pr\u00edli\u0161 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 na to, aby sme ho ignoroval.\u201c <\/em><\/strong>Od\u00f4vodnil to, \u017ee ich objav by mohol o\u017eivi\u0165 odlo\u017een\u00e9 pr\u00edpady. \u0160t\u00fadia im nakoniec vy\u0161la vo vedeckom \u010dasopise Science Advances.<\/p>\n<h3>Na\u0161li sa aj odporcovia<\/h3>\n<p>Aj napriek tomu, \u017ee svoj v\u00fdskum dok\u00e1zali obh\u00e1ji\u0165, a t\u00fdm ho dosta\u0165 medzi \u0161irok\u00fa verejnos\u0165, na\u0161li sa \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed s jeho v\u00fdsledkami nes\u00fahlasia. CNN sa odvol\u00e1va na <strong>profesora forenznej vedy Cristopheho Campoda<\/strong> z Fakulty trestn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va Univerzity v Lausanne vo \u0160vaj\u010diarsku.<\/p>\n<p>Ten tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia <strong>nepriniesla ni\u010d nov\u00e9<\/strong>. <em>&#8222;Ich argument, \u017ee tieto tvary medzi prstami do ur\u010ditej miery koreluj\u00fa, je zn\u00e1my u\u017e od po\u010diatkov sn\u00edmania odtla\u010dkov prstov, ke\u010f sa e\u0161te robilo ru\u010dne, a je zdokumentovan\u00fd u\u017e roky,&#8220;<\/em> he said.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00fd autor \u0161t\u00fadie, Gabe Guo, v\u00a0reakcii na jeho v\u00fdrok uviedol, \u017ee nikto pred nimi sa tejto t\u00e9me nevenoval do takej h\u013abky ako oni. <strong><em>\u201eSme prv\u00ed, ktor\u00ed jednozna\u010dne poukazuj\u00fa na to, \u017ee podobnos\u0165 sp\u00f4sobuje orient\u00e1cia ryhy v strede odtla\u010dku prsta,\u201c <\/em><\/strong>he said.<\/p>\n<p>S v\u00fdsledkami \u0161t\u00fadie sa nestoto\u017e\u0148uje ani sociol\u00f3g a historik Simon Cole Kalifornskej univerzity v Irv\u00edne. Pod\u013ea neho si autori predstavuj\u00fa <strong>situ\u00e1ciu, v ktorej sa sna\u017eia porovna\u0165 dve ne\u00fapln\u00e9 sady odtla\u010dkov, <\/strong>uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Science. <em>\u201eCel\u00fd zmysel odoberania z\u00e1znamov\u00fdch odtla\u010dkov spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee sa odober\u00fa v\u0161etky prsty,&#8220; kon\u0161tatuje.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inov\u00e1cie v\u00a0technologickom sektore s\u00fa \u010dasto sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e9 nov\u00fdmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdmi opatreniami. Ned\u00e1vne trendy poukazuj\u00fa na prechod od klasick\u00fdch hesiel k\u00a0alternat\u00edvnym met\u00f3dam zabezpe\u010denia \u2013 odomykanie osobn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed pomocou<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8652"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8652\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}